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US real manufacturing output versus employment (1947-2014) in the light of rising automations and innovations in AI technology. Source Daniel Miessler. (2014). US manufacturing is as strong as ever https://danielmiessler.com/blog/u-s-manufacturing-is-as-strong-as-ever-we-justneed-way-fewer-people-to-do-it/
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Recent studies reveal that there are growing controversies over the real impact and benefits of advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for today’s manufacturing industries (MI). Scholars who argue that AI provides profound advancements in technology beneficial for improving the quality of human life seem to outweigh those holding contrary opinion...
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... summary, the nature of man regarding profit maximization: 'Here's a quick summary of what's happening: humans can make money replacing humans with computers… but the number of humans who profit from this is a tiny fraction of the number of humans who lose their jobs because of this' [35]. The reality of this class of alienation, as indicated in (Figs. 3, 4 and 5), explains why there is a rise in the number of factory workers whose jobs in the current dispensation have become irrelevant and ...
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... scenario explained in the quotation above perhaps further explains why in Fig. 3, the study recorded a sharp decline in the number of people employed during the period under review. Interestingly, however, this decline in the number of people employed does not in any way affect the productivity of the MIs. On the contrary, these MIs continue to record outstanding increase in outputs in billions of dollars since ...
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... diagram and charts presented in (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5) add credence to the ontological fears, which have become a reality, in view of the millions of individuals who now have lost their jobs to robots and super-intelligent machines. A scenario that have also unfavorably affected the economic state of man to the point of exposing him to all the four classes of Karl Marxist ...
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... arguments presented for the extinction risk claim in this study by Hawking et al. and Davey [1, 18], and several other studies conducted by FLI, MIRI, etc., (Figs. 2 and 3) largely go to affirm the existence of the rising 'extinction risks fears' already inferred to exist in degrees that are inimical to the psyche of all individuals directly or indirectly affected by the operations of super-intelligent machines. Studies here indicate that those already affected by this extinction risks-as indicated in (Figs. 4 and 5)-are forced into variant degrees and classes of Alienation. ...
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... classes of unemployed people increase the difficulty government has in governing states where the inhabitants are predominated by jobless and unemployed youths of working age (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). See Figs. 3, 4 and 5. ...
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... machines in today's manufacturing industries, with the view to ascertaining whether the claims to the huge economic and development benefits (advantages) ascribed to mankind and the polity via innovations in AI truly outweigh the hazards and risks which other scholars largely allude to. Thus, the findings of this paper, as represented in (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5), gave the authors justified and rational grounds for making the following ...
Citations
... The manual data collection and analysis is completely eliminated after implementing Industry 4.0 where the customized data is readily available in different desired formats. 31 The detailed information flow diagram is mentioned in Figure 5. some study stressed upon the demerits of super intelligent machines, that is, research done by Wogu et al. 32 conclude that there are benefits of increased productivity gained by the industries after implementing intelligent manufacturing but at the same time people are losing their jobs as human beings are replaced by the machines, but there is large number of studies which indicates that the intelligent manufacturing is a tool to assist the sustainability development. ...
The proliferation of cyber‐physical systems introduces the fourth stage of industrialization, commonly known as Industry 4.0.There are many frame work and researches has been conducted how to implement the concept of Industry 4.0 in a customized way for different manufacturing and service requirements. In this paper, a smart factory framework is presented by vertical integration of various components that incorporates industrial network, cloud, and supervisory control terminals with different functions i.e. production, maintenance, energy consumption, water consumption etc. in a factory for optimizing resource utilization and eliminating all the types wastages to enhance sustainable manufacturing. Moreover, this kind of self‐organized system enables the factory to achieve higher efficiency, minimized negative environmental impacts better and improvements in other Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). To evaluate the outcome of this model implementation a case study has been conducted on a cement plant where it is evident that after implementation of this model of sustainable manufacturing system the key environmental performance indicators i.e. specific energy consumption, carbon footprint, specific water consumption was reduced. It is observed that after implementing the sustainable manufacturing techniques there is a substantial improvement in various performance indicators i.e. production volume of the factory was increased by 13.24%, process waste percentage came down by 12.79%, OEE improved by 12.94%.The major environmental performance parameters like specific energy consumption came down by 9.33%, specific carbon foot print came down by 9.33% and specific water consumption came down by 3.12% after implementing the sustainable manufacturing model. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Meanwhile, in lieu of that fateful day, researchers have observed in studies that we already have artificial superintelligence working inconspicuously and tirelessly in our midst [3][4][5]. In the field of education, since the 1950s, AI deployed in the form of adaptive learning systems (ALS) [6,7], which are contemporary forms of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) [8], have been utilized to assist teachers in the training of students [9]. ...
Artificial intelligence-enabled adaptive learning systems (AI-ALS) have been increasingly utilized in education. Schools are usually afforded the freedom to deploy the AI-ALS that they prefer. However, even before artificial intelligence autonomously develops into artificial superintelligence in the future, it would be remiss to entirely leave the students to the AI-ALS without any independent oversight of the potential issues. For example, if the students score well in formative assessments within the AI-ALS but subsequently perform badly in paper-based post-tests, or if the relentless algorithm of a particular AI-ALS is suspected of causing undue stress for the students, they should be addressed by educational stakeholders. Policy makers and educational stakeholders should collaborate to analyze the data from multiple AI-ALS deployed in different schools to achieve strategic oversight. The current paper provides exemplars to illustrate how this future-ready strategic oversight could be implemented using an artificial intelligence-based Bayesian network software to analyze the data from five dissimilar AI-ALS, each deployed in a different school. Besides using descriptive analytics to reveal potential issues experienced by students within each AI-ALS, this human-centric AI-empowered approach also enables explainable predictive analytics of the students’ learning outcomes in paper-based summative assessments after training is completed in each AI-ALS.
... This is largely due to the fact that most governments believes that these predictions are mere products of conjectures and refutations arising from ambitious AIM researchers. This notwithstanding, some scholars [5][6] [7] believe that the impending threat of 'mass unemployment' and 'job apocalypse' are threats that may be much closer than most governments and concerned authorities are willing to accept as a reality of life soon to take place. These category of scholars believe the existential threat of massive job an- nihilation may have already begun in most industrialized nations of the world like America [4]. ...
... This technology today -the technology capable of manipulating a self- driven car (truck) -has advanced to the extent that that the Uber Company have been licensed to commence commercial test run of this AIM technology within Colorado State. The high success rate projected to emerge from this technology, when it is fully operational and commercialized in most states of America and in most industrialized nations of the world, is foretold, would mean the end of the truck driving and commer- cial driving jobs for over 20 Million drivers in the Unites States and its environ where this technology will be embraced [7]. Other scholars who corroborate the soon emer- gence of this era of machine take over include: [12][14] [15] [16][17] [18]. ...
... The problem of the increase in the numbers of near perfect predictions about the emergence of an era that would herald what most scholars refer to as, 'an era of massive job apocalypse' (Drum, 2017) in the American society and in most industrialized nations of the world where AIMs have been integrated into all sectors of life. A situation which results to the alienations of man and the belittling of his beingness [19] [7]. ii. ...
While an increasing number of scholars are growing weary about the troubling predictions about when Artificial Intelligent Machines (AIMs) will fully acquire the capacity of intentionality - the ability for AIMs to possess the similitude of human-like knowledge for processing data and the knowledge of what is right and wrong in their own eyes, to the detriment of mankind – there are scholars who argue that politicians and the powers that be in the American government, have blatantly disregarded the existential threats magnified in the works of scholars like Katja Grace and Kevin Drum who frankly portrayed with some degree of certainty, an era of job apocalypse among other dangers mankind would be exposed to when AIMs eventually take over. Drawing from the Marxian Alienation Theory, the authors examine the degrees of extinction and existential threat imminent on humanity and the justification and implications for politicizing the predictions made about when AIMs would take over man’s job. The ex-post facto research methodology and Derrida’s reconstructive and deconstructive analytical method was adopted for evaluating the degree of politicking at play among American politicians. The paper identifies the impending era of mass joblessness as one of the greatest tasks progressive governments and thinkers must grapple with in other to curb this threat. Policy makers and scholars of AIM research must quickly identify pathways for distributing the gains of robot labour, such that its operations will cease to be a threat to mankind.
Purpose: There is a large hue and cry on achieving Super-Intelligence Machines (SIMs) using artificial intelligence technology and its adverse effect on society initially started both academia and industries which is now percolating to society and governance of many countries. It is interesting to study the possibility of the development of Super-Intelligent Machines (SIMs), their predicted abilities to surpass human intelligence in any general or particular area, and also the predicted negative consequences on human life or dangers of using such machines in the sustainability of human life on earth. Methodology: Used exploratory research method to analyse the issue of Achieving & Consequences of Super-Intelligent Machines by collecting relevant & published information using Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and Various Artificial Intelligence generating engines like ChatGPT & Bard, etc. The information is analysed using SWOC and ABCD analysis frameworks from various stakeholders’ points of view. Findings: As artificial intelligence continues to advance rapidly, the prospect of creating super-intelligent machines that surpass human cognitive abilities raises crucial questions and concerns. This comprehensive study aimed to analyse the developmental challenges involved in achieving super-intelligence machine, examining the ethical and societal implications, as well as predicting potential negative consequences that might arise from the widespread deployment of such machines. The development roadmap and consequences of such development of SIMs in society are analysed by means of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges. The advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages of realizing SIMs are also analysed. Finally, certain Suggestions for precautions on consequences on human life are included as percussion for the use of such high-tech systems. Originality/Value: By exploring the risks and benefits associated with super-intelligent machines, this research paper seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the transformative role they might play in shaping our future and to offer insights that can guide policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders in making informed decisions to harness this technology responsibly. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
The advancement of SMEs is accelerated by technological expansions using blockchain technology in the
Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 era. Based on current trends in AI and blockchain technology, this study
proposes that the distance between entrepreneurs all over the world and their potential workers may be
greatly decreased to virtually real-time. A secondary literature review is carried out in order to identify
the key developments in IR 4.0 technologies in the SMEs industry, as well as the potential trend that
will lead the business sector. The adoption of AI and blockchain technology in the IR 4.0 technologies is
projected to make seeking treatments overseas more reasonable, accessible, and health records readily
available on a real-time and protected basis. However, it is necessary to highlight that the expansion of
SMEs raises the eyebrows of society from the security, social, and economic viewpoints.
Deep concerns about the rise in the number of technological innovations used for perpetrating viral dissemination of disinformation, via major social media platforms during multiparty elections, have been expressed. As strategy scholars observe, it is inimical to democratic systems whose election results are questioned by reason of faulty electoral processes. The Marxian alienation theory and Marilyn's ex-post facto research designs were used for evaluating the consequences of adopting political disinformation strategies (PDS) as tools for manipulation, via innovative artificial intelligent technologies, on established social media networks during recent democratic elections in the US and other rising hegemonies. The study observed that most governments and expert political campaigners continue to find it a politically viable platform suitable for swinging the votes of electorates in desired directions. Authors recommended stiffer regulations for media platforms and party agents as this would aid discontinuing the practice of PDS during elections in established and rising hegemonies.
While scholars like Wogu and Misra unanimously affirmed the beneficial roles of adopting AI powered ICT systems in various sectors of government and endeavours, most countries in OECD and the Commonwealth - for reasons described as ‘a political reckless attitude' - have shied away from fully adopting and implementing intelligent debt management systems for their country's financial sectors, hence, the looming debt crisis hanging over them. Premised on the Public Choice theory, the study adopts Marilyn's Ex-post facto research design and Creswell's mix-method research approaches to interrogate the arguments proffered for and against the public debt management and the benefits of ICT, with a view to identifying the nexus that exists between the politics of debt management crisis and the role of ICT for 21st-century polities. The article identified a high degree of political rascality amongst political elites and a lackadaisical will towards the full implementation of intelligent debt management systems in the countries with looming debt crisis. Viable recommendations were proffered.
While most governments subscribe to boosting global energy supplies since it paves the way for improved economies, which translates to better living conditions and gainful employments which in turn boost government operations, the rising global demand for energy from all human endeavors have activated unparalleled consequences on the environment, resulting to harmful repercussions for government operations and processes all over the world. Hence, scholars argue that the rising demand for global energy by industrialized nations have further increased the vulnerability of governments' operations and processes, especially in countries where these energy sources abound. Consequently, governments, multinationals, and various interest groups are divided on how best to address the quandaries resulting from rising global demand for energy and its effect on the environment and government operations. Recommendations that would enhance government operations were proposed.
Recent literature on the economies of developed and developing nations identify a rise in the records of public debts that most industrialized nations continue to acquire for the purpose of sustaining their economies. Consequently, Nigeria, in 20 J 7, recorded alarming pub tic debts of N 19. 16trn, representing J 0.37% ratio of debt-to-GDP. These figures, scholars infer, explain the disturbing degree of decay inher• ent in major government infrastructures. Adopting the 'debt overhanging theory', Marilyn's ex-post facto research design, and Creswell's mix-method research approaches, the authors interrogate arguments.
