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Essential oils are having wide range of biological activity is used to achieve therapeutic effects. These are volatile substances sensitive to oxygen, light, moisture and heat. In the present study microemulsion formulation was prepared using a blend of essential oil contains cardamom, coriander, fennel, caraway, ajowan and peppermint oil, water an...
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... Quinines also do have anti tumour and anti-cancer activity. [31] However, other constituents in the phytochemical composition of Eletteria cardamomum extracts of the leaf, as discussed earlier do show bioactivity for therapeutic application. This report offers a platform of using Elettaria cardamomum leaf extracts in addition to its seed extracts, as a herbal alternative for many diseases. ...
The extensive convenience and approval of synthetic compounds for addressing human health have quite a few side effects in addition to higher prices. Exploring natural bioactive compounds is of utmost interest and demand. Cardamom has been used traditionally for numerous therapeutic benefits and are relevant in the light of modern pharmaceutical perspective. This review inspects and presents consolidated information on the the phytochemical profile of cardamom seed and leaf extracts and superficially addresses the common extraction methods adapted in literature. An online survey was conducted on the traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and bioactive components of cardamom seed and leaf extract. Pertinent data were obtained from several electronic scientific databases (Science Direct, Elsevier, Web of Science, PubMed, Springer, ACS publications, Taylor and Francis, Wiley On-line Library and Google Scholar), and additional information was obtained from textbooks and local prints and scripts. Studies on the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of the seed and leaf extracts of cardamomum depict a higher yield extract value from seeds than their leaves. Both seed and leaf extracts are known to have numerous therapeutic benefits as anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic and gastro-protectory agents. Modern pharmacology researchers have made attempts in establishing many traditional uses of Cardamom. However, systemic studies on the phytocompounds which may possess new biological activities are lacking. Thus, more studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of its main active compounds need to be conducted keeping in mind therapeutic aspects, toxicity and adverse effects.
... Microemulsion technology is applied in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry in the formulation of transdermal drug delivery systems and some topical preparations because of their potential to increase the permeation of drug across diffusion layers, good appearance, and drug solubilization [6]. ...
... The pH value was 6.00-7.00 which was within the range of permitted pH requirements for cosmetics (5)(6)(7)(8). Each formula was stable during storage and non-irritating to the skin and it can be assumed that the overall preparations of microemulsion were safe to be used. ...
Objective: To formulate binahong leaf extract in the microemulsion dosage form and to evaluate the anti-aging effect on the human skin.Methods: Binahong leaf extract was prepared by maceration then formulated into microemulsion dosage form with various concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. The microemulsion preparation was prepared by adding the oil phase to the water phasehen mixed until a clear and transparent microemulsion was formed. Characterization of the dried powder included the determination of water content, water-soluble content, ethanol-soluble content, total ash content, and unsaturated acid ash content. Evaluation of microemulsion preparation included a stability test, determination of homogeneity, density, viscosity, pH, centrifugation, microemulsion type, surface tension, particle size, irritation test, and anti-aging effect test using skin analyzer. Anti-aging parameters measured included moisture, number of spots and wrinkles number.Results: Characterization results showed the water content of 7.48%, water-soluble content of 19.2%, ethanol soluble content of 9.46%, total ash content of 4.65%, and acid content of 0.58%. Microemulsion preparation of the binahong leaf extract was homogen, had low viscosity, pH 6.0–7.0, density of 1.049–1.0753 g/ml, surface tension of 35.24–38.00 dyne/cm, particle size of 364.68–632.72 nm, stable for 12 weeks storage and did not irritate the skin. The results of anti-aging effect measurements showed that the 0.5% binahong leaf extract microemulsion gave the best results.Conclusion: The dried powder of binahong leaf is qualified to be formulated. Microemulsion preparation of 0.5% binahong leaf extract showed the best anti-aging effect.
... After saffron and vanilla, it is the third-most-expensive spice in the world (Winston, 2010). It is the input to a range of products including food flavours, pharmaceutical goods (Joydeep et al., 2015), basic ingredient for most of the perfumes, aromatherapy and industrial solvents. As perfumers, flavour manufacturers and other end users prefer different 'notes' (descriptors of scents that can be sensed upon the application, measured as top-middle-base notes, which denote groups of scents/taste which can be sensed/taste with respect to the time after the application of a perfume/flavour) (Reinarz, 2014), these notes are created carefully with knowledge of the evaporation process and intended use of the perfumery/flavour ingredients of the essential oil components. ...
Cardamom oil is used widely for flavouring in food, as medicine, in aromatherapy and as a taste enhancer in tobacco products as well as used in fragrance industry. Cardamom Oil is the essential oil of green cardamom fruit produced by steam distillation from the seeds after they've undergone a long drying and de-husking process. In the traditional distillation process, the oil collected on top of a separator half filled with water - as a whole. The main components contributing to flavour and fragrance properties of cardamom oil are alpha-pinene, eucalyptol, terpenes and a group of phenols occur at different stages and in different quantities during steam distillation. These components are released from the seeds during distillation based on its volatility. This study investigates the collection of cardamom oil in different fractions. Organoleptic as well as physical and chemical analysis including Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectroscope shows that there is a clear fractionation of the components during distillation, which helps the end user to choose the right fraction based on what the cardamom oil is used for.
Lipid-based drug delivery systems are extensively reported in the literature for enhancing drug solubility, permeability, and bioavailability. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are a superior strategy for enhancing solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds and the most prevailing and commercially viable oil-based approach for drugs that exhibit low dissolution rate and inadequate absorption. However, these formulations have few limitations that include in vivo drug precipitation, inferior in vitro in vivo correlation owing to unavailability of in vitro tests, handling issues of liquid formulation, and physicochemical instability of drugs. These limitations are overcome by potential systems such as supersaturable SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS) which are prepared by addition of precipitation inhibitors into formulated SNEDDS to maintain drug supersaturation post dispersion in gastrointestinal tract. These systems improve drug bioavailability and reduce the inconsistency of exposure. In addition, these formulations also help to overcome the drawbacks of liquid and capsule dosage forms. The S-SNEDDS provides an effective approach for improving the dissolution and bioavailability of anti-cancer agents. In this article, an attempt was made to present an overview of SNEDDS, S-SNEDDS, their mechanism, formulation excipients, recent advancements, advantages, and disadvantages of SNEDDS formulations. The article also focuses on reviewing the application of S-SNEDDS in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs in cancer therapy.
