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Rosmarinus offi cinalis (Rosemary) is a common household plant which belongs to the family Lamiaceae and is grown in many parts of the world. It is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple or blue fl owers. The two most commonly grown hardy Rosemaries are Rosmarinus offi cinalis 'Arp' and R. offi...
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... Notably, Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a species of Mediterranean origin and cultivated worldwide for its aromatic properties. It is a small perennial shrub with fragrant evergreen needle-shaped leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers [4]. ...
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, with scientific evidence indicating that the enzymes aromatase and cyclooxygenase 2 are upregulated in several types of cancer. Over the past 30 years, natural compounds have played a crucial role in cancer chemotherapy, and to date, many phytocompounds have been reported to interact with these enzymes, inhibiting their activity. Notably, several phytocompounds found in Rosmarinus officinalis L., a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world, have shown the ability to interact with these enzymes. This review examines the role of the main compounds contained in Rosmarinus officinalis L. as potential anticancer agents acting on aromatase and cyclooxygenase-2.
... Rosemary, scientifically known as Rosmarinus officinalis, L., is a globally cultivated aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family (Begum et al., 2013). It originated from the Mediterranean region, and both wild and cultivated varieties of R. officinalis can be found throughout this area. ...
... It is an evergreen perennial herb reaching up to 2 meters in height. It has curvy, leathery, and linear leaves with prominent midrib and they typically measure about 1.0 to 2.5 cm in length, 4 cm in width, and 1 to 3 mm in thickness (Begum et al., 2013). It has small flowers usually light blue or lilac (Fig. 1). ...
Rosemary bioactive compounds have gained prominence as natural antioxidants, recognized for their dual role in enhancing the stability and health benefits of edible oils. The antioxidant properties of rosemary extracts (RE) and essential oils (REO) have shown potential in improving the thermo-oxidative stability of vegetable oils, making them a valuable alternative to synthetic additives in food preservation. This review explores the phy-topharmaceutical potential of rosemary bioactives, focusing on their multifaceted role in vegetable oil stabilization. The study examines the integration of RE and REO into vegetable oils, assessing the subsequent changes in physico-chemical properties, sensory attributes, and overall oil stability during frying and storage. The literature review also evaluates the impact of rosemary on the reduction of harmful compounds formed during oil processing, providing a comprehensive understanding of its benefits. The incorporation of rosemary bioactives into vegetable oils significantly enhances their thermo-oxidative stability and improves their shelf life. The analysis of existing studies reveals that rosemary not only preserves the physico-chemical integrity of oils but also maintains their sensory qualities, even under high-temperature conditions such as frying. Additionally, the presence of rosemary bioactives is associated with a reduction in the formation of harmful compounds during oil processing, underscoring their protective effects. By synthesizing current research, this review highlights the application of rosemary bioactives as natural antioxidants in the food industry. Their ability to extend the shelf life of vegetable oils positions rosemary as a viable option for advancing food preservation practices and enhancing consumer health. The findings support the continued exploration of rosemary's bioactives as sustainable alternatives to synthetic antioxidants in edible oils.
... The name "rosemary" originates from the Latin word for dew, "ros", and sea, "marinus" (Begum et al. 2013). Rosemary is an evergreen, dense, and branching shrub that reaches about 1 m in height. ...
... The leaves have a very specific and characteristic smell (Andrade et al. 2018). Their upper surface is dark green, and the lower surface is grey and covered with numerous trichomes (Begum et al. 2013;Andrade et al. 2018). The inflorescences are white or blue. ...
... Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. could be cultivated in gardens by sowing the seeds on calcareous soils, and after flowering, the plant is cut 10 cm above the ground (Begum et al. 2013). ...
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an aromatic medicinal plant associated with rich phytochemical composition and significant pharmacological potential. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the chemical profile of eight samples containing essential oil (EO) from biocultivated Rosmarinus officinalis L. from different locations and various harvesting periods. Another key point of this study was the evaluation of the chemical profile of commercial products containing EO isolated from bio Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. It was observed that the harvest period may not have a significant effect on some of the bioactive components that are present but may affect their percentage content. Furthermore, not only the time of harvesting the plant material influences essential oil component composition, but also its location may have an effect.
... Along with it, important amounts of phenolic acids such as rosmarinic (6.68 ± 0.08 mg/mL), caffeic, and ellagic acids were determined, together with flavonoids such as apigenin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside or myricetin, as well as carnosol, among phenolic diterpenes, which were found in important quantities. The vast majority of metabolites were previously identified in the composition of the species [12,38,39], with the exception of flavonoids such as naringenin, myricetin, and chrysin, for which the present study represents the first report. ...
Background/Aim: Rosmarinus officinalis L. (R. officinalis) is an aromatic medicinal species with important nutraceutical potential, having rosmarinic acid (RA) as one of its main metabolites. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of an extract obtained from the leaves of this species and of its main metabolite in improving the streptozotocin-induced damage of hearts and aorta of diabetic rats. Methods: The leaves of the species were used to obtain a hydroethanolic extract, which was analyzed using the LC/MS method. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin administration in rats. After two weeks, oxidative stress parameters were evaluated from the heart and aorta homogenates. NOS3, AMPK, and adiponectin levels were quantified using ELISA tests, and thoracic aorta rings were isolated for contractility evaluation in the organ bath. Phospho-NF-κB, NRF2, HIF1 alfa, iNOS, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) quantification were performed using the Western blot technique. Results: Carnosic acid, together with rosmarinic acid, were proven to be the main metabolites identified in the composition of the tested extract. Administration of the extract and of RA improved the relaxation response to acetylcholine and the redox status, with the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS 3), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), adiponectin, reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. RA significantly enhanced the expression of HIF 1α, NRF2, and pNFkB in the heart. Conclusions: Administration of the R. officinalis extract and of RA-alleviated oxidative stress, proving vascular and cardiac antioxidant properties in the hearts and aorta of diabetic rats.
... Suas folhas, perfumadas e em forma de agulha com bordas curvas, são de um verde escuro, e suas pequenas flores podem ser brancas, rosas, roxas ou azuis (Begum et al., 2013). ...
O estudo bibliométricos são análises quantitativas científica que permitem mapear o desenvolvimento de um campo de pesquisa ao longo do tempo. Esses estudos são fundamentais para entender a evolução, as tendências e as principais contribuições científicas em uma determinada área. A pesquisa bibliométrica analisou 100 artigos sobre alecrim indexados na Web of Science, utilizando métodos quantitativos e o software bibliometrix R para mapear o desenvolvimento dessa área de pesquisa ao longo do tempo. Os artigos variaram amplamente em citações, com um intervalo de 71 a 495 citações por artigo e uma média de 136,06 citações, totalizando 13.606 citações no conjunto. 2010 foi o ano que mais publicou artigos sobre Alecrim. As publicações foram classificadas em três zonas com base na frequência acumulada: Zona 1 incluiu 5 revistas, cobrindo até 33 publicações; Zona 2 abrangeu 25 revistas, até 34 publicações; e Zona 3 incluiu 33 revistas, totalizando uma proporção de 5:25:33. Os termos "chemical composition", "carnosic acid" e "rosemary" foram destacados como palavras-chave frequentes nos estudos analisados. A análise institucional identificou 177 contribuintes, com instituições como a Northeast Forestry University e a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina mostrando liderança consistente ao longo das décadas. Em contraste, outras instituições como a Universidade Federal do Amapá e a University of British Columbia demonstraram um crescimento mais recente na produção científica. Este estudo proporciona uma visão abrangente das tendências de citação, distribuição de publicações e contribuições institucionais na pesquisa sobre alecrim.
... Rosmarinus officinalis L.: These plants have adverse effects targeting some organs system such as respiratory paralysis (rabbit) (Kharchoufa et al. 2018). Also, the plant present embryotoxic effects by d-camphor, investigated in rats and rabbits after intragastric administration for the treatment of hypotonic circulatory dysregulations (Begum et al. 2013). ...
... Rosemary has been known and used in the Mediterranean basin, its natural growing region, since antiquity, being mentioned in Egyptian, Greek, and Latin writings. In the ritual practices of ancient Egypt, rosemary was used for its aromatic properties, including in the mummification process [5,6]. Its presence on calcareous soils in the warm areas of the Mediterranean coast probably led to the choice of the Latin name for the genus, which translates to "dew of the sea" (ros-dew, marinus-sea) [5]. ...
... In the ritual practices of ancient Egypt, rosemary was used for its aromatic properties, including in the mummification process [5,6]. Its presence on calcareous soils in the warm areas of the Mediterranean coast probably led to the choice of the Latin name for the genus, which translates to "dew of the sea" (ros-dew, marinus-sea) [5]. ...
... Flowering occurs during the spring-summer period [1,2,7]. Depending on the color of the flowers and the shape of the leaves, various forms and varieties are mentioned, with some classifications also based on the chemical characteristics of plants from specific regions [2,5,[9][10][11][12]. ...
Rosemary is one of the most important medicinal plants for natural therapy due to its multiple pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative, antitumor, hepato- and nephroprotective, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, anti-ischemic, hypoglycemic, radioprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, and wound healing properties. Our study reports for the first time, over a 12-month period, the identification and quantification of polyphenols and the investigation of the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of the Rosmarinus officinalis L. species harvested at flowering from the flora of southwestern Romania (Oltenia Region). Identification and quantification of polyphenolic acids was made by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS). Total phenolic content was determined using the spectrophotometric method. In situ antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and AChE inhibitory assay, respectively, on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates. DPPH radical scavenging activity was also assessed spectrophotometrically. The results revealed significant correlations between specific polyphenolic compounds and the measured biological activities, understanding the role of seasonal variations and providing insights into the optimal harvesting times and medicinal benefits of rosemary. Our research brings new information on the phytochemical profile of R. officinalis as a natural source of polyphenols with antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties.
... Rosemary is an aromatic plant and one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in folk recipes. Rosemary is important for fighting bacterial infections and reducing heat stress because of its antioxidant nutrient (Begum, 2013). Rosemary works as a detoxifier, pain reliever, and respiratory support for birds. ...
The study was conducted to determine the effects of Rosemary leaf meal (RLM) and Sodium Bentonite (SB) on litter characteristics of broilers. A total of 180 day-old chicks of Cobb 500 strain of broilers were used for the study. The birds were randomly grouped and allocated to six (6) dietary treatments, which contained, T1(0g RLM+0g SB) and served as Control, T2(0g RLM+15g SB), T3(3g RLM+0g SB), T4(3g RLM+15g SB), T5(6g RLM+0g SB) and T6(6g RLM+15g SB), respectively, pe kilogramme of feed, with 30 birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 10 birds per replicate in a 2*3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, litter samples were collected and analyzed according to treatments, to determine the pH, moisture and ammonia contents. The results showed that there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in pH level, from (7.75 to 7.07), and ammonia gas content (11.8 to 9.62ppm). The interaction effect of RLM and SB on litter characteristics at 8weeks of the experiment showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in ammonia (12.37 to 8.13ppm), pH level (7.80 to 6.23), and moisture content (16.47 to 13.73) in T4. It was concluded that, 15g SB and 3g RLM per kg feed improved litter characteristics by reducing ammonia gas production in the litter, and thus, recommended that 15g SB and 3g RLM should be used by farmers to improve litter characteristics in order to control odour in poultry houses.
... Dinotefuran belongs to the newest generation of neonicotinoid insecticides, and its relevant risk assessment on non-target organisms is limited (Liu et al., 2017(Liu et al., , 2018 Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a wellknown spice and medicinal herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family. At least 3% of the main constituents of rosemary are represented by phenolic acids such as rosmarinic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids (Begum et al., 2013). The predominant active compounds, carnosic acid and carnosol, and many other active polyphenolic compounds in rosemary can both scavenge free radicals directly and increase endogenous cellular antioxidant defences indirectly via activation of the redox-sensitive system Nrf2/Keap-1/ARE transcriptional pathway, as well as potentially via multiple other mechanisms (Satoh et al., 2013). ...
... Rosemary was scientifically proven to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinephrotoxic, anti-hepatotoxic, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor properties (Begum et al., 2013). The safety of rosemary extracts for antioxidant use was first evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2008 (Aguilar et al., 2008). ...
Dinotefuran ( DINO) is a promising neonicotinoid insecticide with a chiral structure. However, its indiscriminate application threatens non-target organisms such as humans. Numerous studies have indicated that pesticide exposure worsens the reproductive system and triggers a teratogenic effect; however, altered developmental and reproductive toxicity upon DINO exposure remains obscure. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the teratogenic effect and reproductive toxicity of prolonged exposure to DINO on female and male rats. Moreover, the study evaluated the ameliorative role of Rosemary extract. In the present study, both female and male Wistar rats and pregnant female rats during the organogenesis period were orally administered DINO at doses of ( 94 and 281) mg/kg/day (from 1/20 and 1/60 oral LD50) by oral gavage alone for 2 and 6 months. Parameters such as weights and coefficients of reproductive organs, epididymal sperm number and motility, indexes of copulation, fecundity and fertility indexes, mating period, estrous cycle, corpora lutea number, implantations, live, dead, and resorbed fetuses, preimplantation loss rate, and post-implantation loss rate were observed in this study. Apparent toxicity of the female and male reproductive system was found at the dose of 281 mg/kg, including decreases in the uterus, ovaries, testicular and epididymal weight, disruption in sperm motility rate, imbalance in the levels of sex hormones such as LH, FSH, testosterone, and progesterone. Also, significant effects of DINO were found on lutea count, implantations count, fetuses count and weight, live fetuses count, dead fetuses count, resorbed fetuses count, placentas weight, fetuses’ gender, preimplantation loss, and post-implantation loss. Histopathology examination of testes in DINO-treated groups showed wider luminal diameter, reduced luminal spermatozoa, congested blood vessels, and disturbed spermatogonia. Also, DINO caused degenerative changes in the ovary, as evidenced by increased follicular atresia. Rosemary extract could attenuate the DINO-induced toxicity.
... It is well reported that the phytochemicals of phenolic compounds, di-and triterpenes, and essential oils are present in the aqueous extract of ROE (Aumeeruddy-Elalfi et al., 2016. In particular, the majority of these compounds are rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, ursolic acid, caffeic acid, betulinic acid, apigenin, luteolin, diosmin, etc. (Begum et al., 2013;Ulbricht et al., 2010;Andrade et al., 2018). The presence of any of these compounds carries a major role as antioxidant, antibacterial, antispasmodic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties (Andrade et al., 2018;Naghibi et al., 2005). ...
... Generally, the aqueous plant extract is a complex mixture having numerous phytochemical constituents in particular aqueous Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. contains major phytochemicals of rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, ursolic acid, caffeic acid, betulinic acid, apigenin, luteolin and diosmin (Begum et al., 2013;Ulbricht et al., 2010;Andrade et al., 2018). The presence of any of those phytochemical constituents played a major role in nanomaterials formation by acting as reducer, stabilizer, and capping agents. ...
