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Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the effects of phenylcapsaicin and placebo (PLA, HD, LD) across time on substrate oxidation, energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio during the 60 min steady-state test. AUC, Area Under the curve; FATox, Fat oxidation; CHOox, Carbohydrates oxidation; EE, Energy expenditure; RER, Respiratory exchange ratio; PLA, Placebo; HD, High dose; LD, Low dose; PC, Phenylcapsaicin. Intra-test analysis (one-way repeated measures ANOVA): *p ANOVA ≤ 0.05; #p Bonferroni ≤ 0.05.
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Objective: Phenylcapsaicin (PC) is a new capsaicin analog which has exhibited a higher bioavailability. This sudy assessed the effects of a low dose (LD) of 0.625 mg and a high dose (HD) of 2.5 mg of PC on aerobic capacity, substrate oxidation, energy metabolism and exercise physiological variables in young males.
Materials and methods: Seventeen a...
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Citations
... Within the wide range of ergogenic substances used in sport, phenylcapsaicin (PC) is a chemically synthesized analog of capsaicin, which is found in spicy fruits such as chili peppers (Szallasi, 2022). The use of PC has shown to have modest effect on the cardiovascular response (i.e., a reduction of maximum heart rate) (Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2023a) and change thermal perceived levels during the execution of physical task (Grgic et al., 2022;Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2023a, 2023bRosales et al., 2023;Szallasi, 2022). There are claims that 2.5 mg of PC, which is the highest dose recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (Turck et al., 2019), has an effect on exercise performance, allowing a reduction in the levels of perceived exertion during exercise in physically active adults (de Freitas et al., 2018a(de Freitas et al., , 2018b(de Freitas et al., , 2022. ...
... Within the wide range of ergogenic substances used in sport, phenylcapsaicin (PC) is a chemically synthesized analog of capsaicin, which is found in spicy fruits such as chili peppers (Szallasi, 2022). The use of PC has shown to have modest effect on the cardiovascular response (i.e., a reduction of maximum heart rate) (Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2023a) and change thermal perceived levels during the execution of physical task (Grgic et al., 2022;Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2023a, 2023bRosales et al., 2023;Szallasi, 2022). There are claims that 2.5 mg of PC, which is the highest dose recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (Turck et al., 2019), has an effect on exercise performance, allowing a reduction in the levels of perceived exertion during exercise in physically active adults (de Freitas et al., 2018a(de Freitas et al., , 2018b(de Freitas et al., , 2022. ...
... In addition, we assessed the impact of ingesting 2.5 mg of PC on OPP, cardiovascular response (HR and blood pressure), and subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and thermal perception (TP). Based on previous studies (Giuriato et al., 2022;Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2023a;Larson & Chapleau, 2023;Rosales et al., 2023), which have not obtained conclusive results about the effects of ingesting capsaicin on the cardiovascular response, RPE, and TP, the expected changes in the mentioned variables are unknown. In addition, due to the lack of studies in this regard, we cannot establish a hypothesis about the impact of PC intake on IOP and OPP values. ...
The main objective of this placebo-controlled, triple-blind, balanced crossover study was to assess the acute effects of phenylcapsaicin (PC) intake (2.5mg) on intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and heart rate (HR) during a 30 minutes cycling task performed at 15% of the individual maximal power. Twenty-two healthy young adults performed the cycling task 45 minutes after ingesting PC or placebo. IOP was measured with a rebound tonometer before exercise, during cycling (every 6 minutes), and after 5 and 10 minutes of recovery. OPP was assessed before and after exercise. HR was monitored throughout the cycling task. We found an acute increase of IOP levels related to PC consumption while cycling (mean difference = 1.91 ± 2.24 mmHg; p = 0.007, η2p = 0.30), whereas no differences were observed for OPP levels between the PC and placebo conditions (mean difference = 1.33 ± 8.70 mmHg; p = 0.608). Mean HR values were higher after PC in comparison to placebo intake (mean difference = 3.11 ± 15.87 bpm, p = 0.019, η2p = 0.24), whereas maximum HR did not differ between both experimental conditions (p = 0.199). These findings suggest that PC intake before exercise should be avoided when reducing IOP levels is desired (e.g., glaucoma patients or those at risk). Future studies should determine the effects of different ergogenic aids on IOP and OPP levels with other exercise configurations and in the long-term.
... Moreover, new supplement design trends are constantly emerging which attempt to exploit plausible ergogenic pathways. For example: (a) anti-fatigue agents such as capsaicinoids which may modulate strength endurance, work performed or nociception [18][19][20]; (b) nitric oxide precursors such as nitrates or citrulline malate which may enhance strength and power [21]; (c) relaxation and/or sleep-care agents such as lavender, ashwagandha or melatonin [22,23], (d) "fat burners" which contain substances which may play a role in lipolysis, β-oxidation, or enhance metabolic rate such as caffeine, p-synephrine, green tea extract or yohimbine [16,[24][25][26]. Further, multi-ingredient formulas are frequently marketed to provide added ergogenic effects due to purported synergistic ingredient interactions (e.g., nitrates and citrulline are proposed to stimulate different NOS-pathways) [27]. ...
Bodybuilding is characterized by high-rates of sport supplementation. This is the first study to compare the supplementation patterns of winners (WB) and non-winners (NWB) among international natural bodybuilders during contest preparation. Fifty-six natural bodybuilders (5 women) (age = 28.85 ± 8.03 years; final body mass = 71.50 ± 10.28 kg), 19 WB (athletes who had achieved victory in an official natural bodybuilding championship at least once) and 37 NWB (athletes who never achieved victory), from 18 countries (55.36% from Spain) responded to this cross-sectional online survey related to their nutritional habits, strategies and supplementation practices. WB were significantly older (p = 0.024), completed more competitive seasons (p = 0.027) and participated in more competitions in the last contest year (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences between WB and NWB for years training for bodybuilding (p = 0.055), weeks of dieting for competition (p = 0.392), and body weight at the start (p = 0.553) and end (p = 0.330) of the season. Beverage and supplement consumption, purchasing patterns, and information sources did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, natural bodybuilding WB tended to be older and had more competitive experience, but shared similar supplementation protocols to NWB. Athletes' supplementation patterns were influenced by different sources of information. However, these natural bodybuilders mainly purchased their supplements through the internet without guidance from a coach or dietitian.
... which is in line with the different doses of capsaicin employed in the previous literature (Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2022). In this sense, the current HD dose of PC may correspond to the most used evidenced ergogenic dose of capsaicin due to its near fivefold higher bioavailability (Turck et al., 2019;Framroze, 2022;Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2022;Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2023). ...
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of phenylcapsaicin (PC) supplementation on strength performance and neuromuscular activity in young trained male subjects.
Materials and methods: A total of 25 trained subjects [full-squat (SQ) one repetition maximum (1RM) = 125.6 ± 21.0 kg] were enrolled in this randomized, triple-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. The subjects performed a first session and a post-24 h session for each condition. In the first session, the subjects ingested a high dose of PC (HD, 2.5 mg), a low dose (LD, 0.625 mg), or a placebo (PLA). Their performance in SQ was assessed under a 3% × 8 × 70% 1RM protocol in the first session. Their performances in countermovement jump (CMJ), SQ with 60% 1RM, and isometric squat were measured before and after the SQ protocol in both sessions. The neural activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) was recorded via surface electromyography (EMG) and averaged in both sessions.
Results: Significant differences between the conditions were reported for lifting velocity, velocity loss, and the 60% load in dynamic SQ (p range = 0.02–0.04). Electrical changes were not identified for any outcome, although neural activity changed across time (p range ≤0.001–0.006). A significant condition × time effect was observed in CMJ compared to PLA (p ≤0.001) and LD (p ≤0.001). Intra-set analyses revealed higher velocities in HD compared to those in LD (p = 0.01) and PLA (p range = 0.004–0.008).
Conclusion: Therefore, PC may improve the strength performance and attenuate the mechanical fatigue induced by resistance training in SQ and CMJ exercises.