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Trends in Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) by region. Source: World Health Organization, UNICEF, United Nations Population Fund and the World Bank.
Source publication
Given change in the universal developmental agenda and the quality of governance in the last two decades, this paper re-examines the relationship between governance, health expenditure and maternal mortality using panel data for 184 countries from 1996 to 2019. By employing the 'dynamic panel data regression model', the study reveals that a one-poi...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... higher level of maternal mortality reflects inequities in access to health services, poor health care and education quality and maternal malnutrition ( Molla et al., 2015;Goli et al., 2022). The latest data also reveals that regardless of the reduction in MMR, notable differences are observed across the regions ( Figure 1). For instance, the global MMR has declined by 38%, from 342 deaths to 211 deaths per 100,000 live births between 2000 and 2017. ...
Context 2
... results are reported in Figures 9, 10 and Table 6. Figures 9 and 10 show a strong negative correlation (r = −0.77) between IMR and governance index and a positive correlation (r = 61) between LEB and governance index, respectively, in a pooled sample from 1996 to 2019. Results in Table 6 Figure 9. Correlation between IMR and Governance Index in the pooled sample , 1996-2019. ...
Context 3
... used state-level governance estimates for India using indices developed by Maurya (2016) and MMR, IMR and LEB estimates from Sample Registration System (SRS). The correlation graph is plotted in Figures 11-13. The graph depicts an inverse relationship between the governance index and IMR and MMR and a positive relationship between the governance index and LEB. ...
Context 4
... findings are particularly relevant for developing countries, where there is an ongoing debate about the slight chances of achieving Sustainable Development Goal-3 (SDG-3). Often, policymakers assume, explicitly or implicitly, that health-related SDGs can be achieved by sufficiently Figure 10. Correlation between LEB and Governance Index in the pooled sample, 1996-2019. ...
Citations
... (14) Sin embargo, otro estudio señaló que la gobernanza como determinante político de la salud pública, posteriormente posibilitó la reducción de la mortalidad materna entre un 10 y un 21 %. (15) Históricamente, existen múltiples factores que contribuyen a las fluctuaciones en las tasas de mortalidad materna, y de manera particular sobre el momento de ocurrencia, lo que se corroboró en este estudio. En Perú se informó que tres de cada cinco muertes maternas ocurren durante el puerperio. ...
Introducción:
La mortalidad materna constituye una prioridad para la salud en Perú.
Objetivo:
Analizar la muerte materna por hemorragia obstétrica y trastornos hipertensivos en Perú.
Métodos:
Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y observacional en Ica, Perú, durante el período 2020-2023. Del total de 562 casos de mortalidad materna, hubo una muestra de 556 casos durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio, y 233 casos se atribuyeron a hemorragias obstétricas y trastornos hipertensivos. Los datos se procesaron con el programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences versión 25, donde los estadígrafos fueron la media, mediana, porcentaje, frecuencia relativa y absoluta.
Resultados:
Se registró un mínimo de 91 casos, en 2023, y un máximo de 220 (2021). La mediana anual fue de 125,5 y la media correspondió a 141,5. Se observó una tendencia a la disminución desde 2021. La distribución de muertes maternas fluctuó, con una prevalencia en el puerperio: 2020 (59,3 %), 2021 (58,4 %), 2022 (58,5 %) y 2023 (62,6 %). En 2020 se registraron 27 casos por hemorragia obstétrica (47 %) y 31 por trastornos hipertensivos (53 %); en 2021 los casos aumentaron a 42 (53 %) y 37 (47 %), respectivamente; sin embargo, en 2022 disminuyeron a 29 (54 %) y 25 (46 %), respectivamente. En 2023, los casos continuaron disminuyendo, con un total de 42: hemorragia obstétrica (25,50 %) y trastornos hipertensivos (17, 40 %).
Conclusiones:
Aunque hubo una tendencia a la disminución de la defunción materna entre 2021 y 2023, se requiere abordar las principales causas, como la hemorragia obstétrica y los trastornos hipertensivos.
This paper examines the political and ethical implications of the proposed pandemic treaty within the context of global health governance (GHG). Analyzing the treaty's development, we found that the explicit political content has been moderated from the initial draft of the document to its latest version. The treaty’s ethical considerations rooted in global bioethics, however, remain central. Bearing this finding in mind, we explore the treaty’s navigation of global health imperatives and national sovereignty. More so, we highlight the treaty's potential to reshape international health relations through scientific cooperation and knowledge sharing, and we consider the document’s adaptability to emerging technologies in healthcare, such as AI. Despite implementation challenges of the treaty, we conclude that this document represents a significant step toward formalizing the interconnection between global health and politics, underscoring the enduring relevance of ethical approaches in international health governance and diplomacy.
