Table 4 - uploaded by Rafael Mezzomo
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Total apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, EE, Ash, TC, NFC, and TDN according to the treatments
Source publication
We aimed to evaluate the effects of diets, based on elephant grass or sugarcane as roughage and corn meal or rice bran as energy concentrate, on performance and body composition in terms of diet intake and digestibility. A total of 30 Santa Ines crossbreds (SIC), castrated male sheep with 19.8 ± 2.0 kg initial body weight (BW) were used. Six animal...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... was no interaction between roughage type and con- centrate type (P>0.05) for apparent digestibility of DM and nutrients. These variables were only influenced (P<0.05) by roughage type (Table 4). Thus, elephant grass diets provided higher coefficients of DM and nutrient digestibility compared with sugarcane diets, except for CP and EE digestibility, which were not influenced by roughage type. ...
Context 2
... elephant grass diets provided higher coefficients of DM and nutrient digestibility compared with sugarcane diets, except for CP and EE digestibility, which were not influenced by roughage type. The energy concentrate type used only influenced (P<0.05) the apparent NFC digestibility, which was higher for the corn meal diets (Table 4). ...
Context 3
... grass diets provided more intake for DM and NDF compared with sugarcane diets (Table 3). This behaviour can be mainly explained by the higher NDF digestibility of elephant grass diets compared with sugarcane diets (Table 4). Thus, the results for NDF intake and digestibility indicate sugarcane's lower quality (average of 0.43 gg −1 ; Table 4). ...
Context 4
... behaviour can be mainly explained by the higher NDF digestibility of elephant grass diets compared with sugarcane diets (Table 4). Thus, the results for NDF intake and digestibility indicate sugarcane's lower quality (average of 0.43 gg −1 ; Table 4). According to Moreno et al. (2010), sugarcane's NDF degrada- tion rate is slow, which increases residence time of the digesta in the rumen and reduces the animal intake. ...
Context 5
... DMI and, consequently, higher NDF intake ( Table 3). This finding demonstrates that the NDF content of these diets was not sufficient to limit food intake, therefore indicating better ruminal NDF degradation, without overly prolonging the food's ruminal retention time as observed by the digestibility coefficients (Table 4). Thus, digestibility and, consequently, food intake are influ- enced by the NDF quality of the diet. ...
Context 6
... the apparent digestibility of DM did not differ between diets using corn meal or rice bran (Table 4). This finding may be explained by the high energy levels of the diets (Table 2), which influence DM digestibility. ...
Context 7
... density of the feed is one of the main factors that can influence digest- ibility. This was confirmed by the TDN value of the diets, which also did not differ as a function of concentrate type (Table 4). ...
Context 8
... difference in the EBW of the animals for the effect of roughage reflects the better results for intake and digestibility of elephant grass diets (Tables 3 and 4). This difference in the EBW of the animals might have been a result of the larger gastrointestinal tract created by higher DMI in elephant grass- fed animals. ...
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Citations
... Likewise, the results of this meta-analysis 255suggest an enhancement in ADG as a result of sugarcane supplementation. Similar trends were 256 observed when replacing elephant grass with sugarcane bagasse, both yielding comparable 257 effects on ADG at equivalent addition rates and nutrient compositions(Cutrim et al. 2012). 258However, a slight deviation in this trend was noted with sugar processing waste, specifically 259 solid waste from sugarcane, which tended to decrease ADG in Muzaffarnagari lambs at a 20% 260 DM substitution level(Kumar et al. 2017). ...
This meta-analysis summarizes the effects of incorporating sugarcane or its by-products into the diet of sheep from various aspects including productivity, carcass characteristics, meat quality of the longissimus muscle, and milk quality. Study differences were defined as random factors while fixed factors accounted for the levels of sugarcane supplementation in the sheep diet. The analysis also examined differences in categorical factors such as sugarcane form (whole, top leaves, bagasse, and residue) and pretreatment methods (untreated, hydrolyzed, and ensiled). Adding sugarcane to the sheep diet showed a significant increase in average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P < 0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), and dressing percentage (DP) ( P < 0.05). Color variables, such as redness (a*) and brightness (L*), of sheep meat were higher when fed a sugarcane-based diet provided in the form of whole plant ( P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in lactose and protein concentrations in sheep milk ( P < 0.05) after feeding a sugarcane-based diet. Overall, sugarcane supplementation showed some benefits in sheep productivity variables, but it did not yield the expected results in maintaining carcass characteristics, longissimus muscle, and milk quality.
... Desde un punto de vista económico, diversos trabajos (Muhammad, Maigandi, Hassan y Daneji, 2008;Cutrim et al. 2012;Flakemore et al., 2015) afirman que el uso de subproductos del arroz en la dieta de ovinos puede ser ventajosa, ya que, por lo general, aunque no existan diferencias significativas, hay una tendencia a menores valores de consumo de alimento y similar desempeño animal in vivo y post mortem, resultando así en una mayor relación costobeneficio. Los mismos autores mencionan que en el análisis de costo-beneficio se debe tener en cuenta no solo el precio del subproducto, sino también la calidad y composición bromatológica, además de otros factores como costos de infraestructura, gestión, mano de obra, entre otros. ...
The rice bran is a by-product of the rice industries that has important nutritional values and can therefore be considered as an alternative to include them in a sheep's food program. The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of ground corn by rice bran on productive parameters of sheep in feedlot. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and three repetitions, each repetition was composed of 2 ewes, thus totaling 12 experimental units (24 animals of 26 ± 2kg PV on average). The treatments consisted of the partial substitution of ground corn for rice bran in the diet. The levels were 0% for T1, 15% for T2, 30% for T3 and 45% for T4. The rations also contained soybean expeller, mineral salt, urea, calcium carbonate and Pangola hay (Digitaria decumbens) as a voluminous source. The duration of the experiment was 56 days. The weightings and ration adjustment were made every 14 days. The data collected were subjected to an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% error probability. The results obtained indicate that there were no significant statistical differences in the variables daily weight gain, total weight gain, intake and feed conversion ratio, with average values of 200 g.dia-1, 10.8 kg, 4.7% and 7.4 respectively. Therefore, it can be inferred that it is feasible to use rice bran instead of ground corn up to 45% without affecting the productive parameters evaluated.
... However, there were no significant differences in WHC (P = 1.00), cooking loss (P = 0.53), and melting point (P = 0.38). Supplying rice bran does not increase fat in carcass (Sun et al. 2016, Cutrim et al., 2012, Tabeidian & Sadegh, 2009); therefore, the high nutrient levels (e. g. crude protein) in soybean curd residue could have increased the fat content, which led to the tender meat (Moon, Yang, Park & Joo, 2006). Although low fat content in meat, in particular, is a major consumer preference in European societies (Koistinen et al., 2013), Japanese consumers still prefer meat with high fat content, which has a sweet, fatty and butter-like flavor, in addition to tender and juicy characteristics (Sasaki et al., 2017). ...
Recycling food by-products as animal feed could decrease livestock production costs. We investigated how replacing conventional corn and wheat bran feed (control) with rice bran and soybean curd residue (RBSR) would influence lamb performance and meat quality. Eleven lambs were divided into the control and the RBSR-fed groups. The amount of feed consumed by the lambs, as well as their body weight, nutrient properties (total protein, non-esterified fatty acid, total cholesterol, glucose concentrations) in blood samples, and fecal condition were evaluated. Meat quality (water holding capacity, cooking loss, fat content, and shear force) of their carcasses were also evaluated. Results shows daily body weight gain per lamb in the RBSR-fed group was approximately 2.2-fold than that in the control group. The mean total blood protein and glucose concentrations exhibited increasing trends after feeding with RBSR. In addition, the shear force of the meat was significantly lower and crude fat content was significantly higher in RBSR-fed lambs than in lamb fed the control feed. The study concluded that, RBSR could replace conventional feed for Japanese sheep and can be used to not only reduce feed and disposal costs but also increase animal production and meat quality.
... En los climas cálidos del trópico se tienen diversos forrajes que aportan alto contenido de energía, entre los que destaca la caña de azúcar (Saccharum ocinarum); gramínea con rendimientos de forraje de entre 60 y 120 t ha −1 año (Aguilar-Rivera et al. 2011) y de 7 a 14 t ha −1 de azúcar, la cual puede ser una alternativa para alimentación de ruminantes (Missio 2016). El uso de la caña molida tiene limitantes nutricionales debido a su bajo contenido de proteína cruda (2 al 3%) y poco contenido mineral (Aguirre et al. 2010); también tiene lenta tasa de pasaje (Martín 2009) y baja digestibilidad de bra (Oliveira et al. 2012), por lo que como alimento único no cubre los requerimientos de los rumiantes (NRC 2007). ...
RESUMEN. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el consumo voluntario y el comportamiento productivo de ovinos alimentados con una dieta de Saccharina con maíz molido (MM), así como la degradación ruminal in situ en bovinos. Se analizó el consumo voluntario del alimento y la ganancia de peso en 24 ovinos Katahdin x Pelibuey en crecimiento, con
un peso inicial promedio de 17 +- 3.0 kg, alimentados con cuatro dietas (10, 20, 30 y 40 % de MM). En dos bovinos canulados se evaluó la degradación efectiva (DE) de la materia seca (MS) y de la fibra detergente neutro (FDN) a las 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36 h como factor A y cinco niveles de MM (0, 10, 20, 30 y 40 %) como factor B, para lo cual se utilizó una distribución factorial en un diseño completamente al azar. El tratamiento con 10 % de MM presentó los
valores más altos de degradación in situ, tanto para la MS como para la FDN, el cual estuvo relacionado con un alto nivel de fracción soluble y una baja fracción no degradable. Las fracciones no degradables, las tasas de degradación, y la degradación efectiva, fueron similares (p +- 0.05). La degradación efectiva aumentó a partir del tratamiento con
10 % de MM. Los ovinos alimentados con 40 % de MM tuvieron el mayor consumo (70.7 kg) y la mayor ganancia de peso (0.124 kg). La aportación de maíz molido a la dieta, mejoró la degradación in situ en bovinos, el consumo y las ganancias de peso de ovinos.
Palabras clave: Alimentación, crecimiento de corderos, degradación efectiva, fermentación sólida, ganancia de peso.
... Whole sugarcane (i.e., stalk, juice, tops, and trash) is used extensively in the tropics and sub-tropics as a roughage source for the production of cattle , Hulshof et al. 2012, Pedreira et al. 2012, Rotta et al. 2014, pigs (Xande et al. 2009, Xande et al. 2010, sheep (Magana et al. 2009, Cutrim et al. 2012, and goats (Cabral et al. 2009). ...
... While whole sugarcane contains significant amounts of soluble sugars that can support rapid microbial growth in the rumen (Xande et al. 2010), the overall nutritional value of whole sugarcane is relatively low compared to other animal feed ingredients (such as corn meal, soybean meal, and rice bran) (Cutrim et al. 2012) because of relatively low levels of protein and minerals (Kutty and Prasad 1980), and relatively low digestibility of the polysaccharides in the fibres from the leaves and stalk (Patil et al. 1999, Xande et al. 2009). ...
This chapter provides an overview of how sugarcane crop residues, the products of sugarcane processing, and the products of raw sugar production are being used to support animal production and describes technologies available to enhance them for this purpose. It focuses only on whole sugarcane, tops and trash, bagasse, sugarcane juice, and molasses. Processing sugarcane residues to enhance their value in animal feed includes ensilage/microbial conditioning; chemical conditioning; and physical processing, such as baling, pelletization, depithing; and pretreatment. While a range of both physical and chemical changes occur during pretreatment, effective pretreatment of plant biomass is dependent upon achieving significant lignin solubilization, lignin modification, hemicellulose solubilization, defibrillation, particle size reduction, or combinations thereof. The challenges are to make these technologies readily available to farmers, apply emerging biomass-processing technologies to enhance the value of sugarcane for animal feed, and develop new technologies to enhance the economics of animal weight.
... Similarly, rice bran and its main components have demonstrated the ability to improve the plasma lipid pattern of rodents, rabbits, non-human primates and humans, reducing total plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations and increasing high density lipoproteins [8]. A number of research articles[1, 3, 5,12131415 have emerged evaluating rice by-products as dietary sources of nutrients in sheep production systems. However, to our current knowledge, since the late 1980's and early 1990's research of [6, 7] , there has been no other peerreviewed published information on sheep supplementation with rice bran in Australian prime lamb production systems. ...
... Numerous mechanisms for the occurrence of reduced feed intake associated with RB had been proposed. Asmare et al. [3] and Cutrim et al. [13] advocated that reduced intakes with rice bran supplemented sheep are due to high NDF and ADF contents of RB. Whereas Park et al. [25] suggested that reduced feed intake was associated with lower production of acetate and ß-hydroxy-butyrate in the rumen or due to increased uptake of dietary long-chain fatty acids, thus inhibiting de novo fatty acid synthesis. ...
... The diets used in this study showed comparable levels of CP, EE, NDF and ADF between treatments. Therefore, it is likely that the major factor that affected dietary intake was the relatively high NDF and mineral contents of the RBH diet compared to the other treatments [13]. The similar carcass characteristics between treatments in this study demonstrates that rice bran can be used as an effective alternative supplementary feed source for Australian sheep producers. ...
Background:
This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran, sire breed and gender on live animal performance and carcass characteristics in Australian crossbred and purebred Merino lambs.
Methods:
Forty-eight lambs balanced by sire breed (Dorset, White Suffolk, Merino) and gender (ewe, wether) were randomly allocated into three dietary supplementation groups (Control- 24 lambs fed wheat/barley-based pellets, Low- 12 animals fed a 50/50 ratio of wheat-based/rice bran pellets, and High- 12 lambs fed rice bran pellets). The Rice bran pellets replaced 19 % of the barley component of the feed. Animals were group-fed at the rate of 1000 g of the supplement per head per day with ad libitum access to lucerne hay as the basal diet and water. The duration of the feeding trial was 49 days with an initial 21-day adjustment period.
Results:
Sire breed differences were evident for initial (p < 0.0002) and final (p < 0.0016) liveweights, hot carcass (p < 0.0030) and cold carcass (p < 0.0031) weights, as well as dressing percentage (p < 0.0078), fat thickness (p < 0.0467), yield grade (p < 0.0470) and rib eye area (p < 0.0022) with purebred Merino under-performing compared to the crossbreds. Concentrate feed conversion efficiency, costs per unit of liveweight gain and over the hooks income were comparable between treatments regardless of the observed trend where the high supplementation group tended to show lower feed intake (745.8 g/day) compared to both the control (939.9 g/day) and low supplementation groups (909.6 g/day). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments for live animal performance, carcass characteristics, gender and their second-order interactions.
Conclusions:
Results indicate that Rice bran can be utilised as a cost-effective supplementary feed source in genetically divergent sheep over a 49-day feeding period without detrimental effects on overall live animal performance or carcass characteristics.
... For this investigation were used ingredients of lesser ruminal degradability, while in the studies of Tabeidian and Sadeghi (2009), the high levels of rice polishings affected the ruminal function through the increase of degradability. Oliveira et al. (2012) did not find effect on confined sheep production, when maize meal was substituted by rice polishingss in the diets. According to these authors, the advantage of using rice polishings is its cost, which is 30 % cheaper than maize. ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters of ruminal degradation and behavior in fattening ovine fed highly concentrated diets with increasing levels of rice polishing. Two experiments were developed: 1.-effects of increasing levels of rice polishing (RP) on ruminal degradability of dry matter (RDDM) and 2.-behavior of fattening ovine. Three diets or treatments were used with equal content of CP (14 %) and metabolizable energy (8.36 MJ/kg of DM). The RP contents in diets were 0 % (T1 or control), 11 % (T2) and 22 % (T3). The RDDM was determined in Pelibuey sheep, using ruminal cannulas. Bags with food samples were incubated in the rumen during 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. Sheep (75 % Pelibuey x 25 % Doper) of 20 ±2.99 kg at the beginning were used for the test of fattening behavior, randomly distributed in individual cages with the same treatments of the RDDM test. Degradation parameters show that the diet with 22 % of RP had higher values in the rapidly soluble fraction (a), as well as the DM which disappeared from the rumen in the 4, 8 and 12 h of incubation. In respect to the control diet, the diet with 22 % of RP had lower ruminal degradability of the soluble fraction (b) and the DM disappeared from the rumen after 48 h of incubation. The potential degradability (a + b) and the constant degradation (c) were not affected by the RP level. Effective degradability at the rumen turnover rate (k) from 5 to 10 % was higher in the diet with 22 % of RP. The highest daily food intake for the behavior test was for sheep in T3 and the lowest in T2 (P <0.05). The biggest daily gain in sheep was in the control group and the lowest in the T2 group (P < 0.05). The best feed conversion was observed in the control group and the lowest in T3 group (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that the RP, at high concentrated portions, can increase the RDDM and the rate of ruminal fluid, and can affect the behavior in sheep fattening. However, the RP reduces the most expensive conventional ingredients such as soybean, sorghum grain and cattle bait.
The inclusion of rice bran in lamb diets as energetic concentrate has been explored at low levels as it was believed that at high inclusion it might be detrimental for fiber intake and digestibility. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional effects of partial and total substitution of corn meal with rice bran in lamb diets. Four levels of inclusion of rice bran (0, 7.4, 14.9, and 22.5% of total diet) in substitution to corn meal were evaluated and four Santa Ines castrated male lambs with average body weight (BW ± SD) of 35.3 ± 1.30 kg were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment. There was no effect of the inclusion level of rice bran on the dry matter and nutrient intakes (P > 0.05), except for fat and non-fiber carbohydrate intakes, which linearly increased and decreased respectively, as rice bran proportion increased in the diet (P < 0.01). In addition, inclusion of rice bran up to 22.5% of the dry matter intake of lambs did not affect apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen balance, rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH (P > 0.05). Therefore, rice bran could be used as an alternative feedstuff to corn meal in lamb diets.
• This trial was conducted to study the effect of full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets on growth performance, carcass and meat quality and fatty acid composition in Sichuan goose.
• A total of 204 Sichuan white male geese (28-d-old, 984 ± 15 g) were used in the 42-d assay. Full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets was 0%, 6%, 12% and 18%, respectively.
• On d 70, two geese from each pen were randomly selected and killed for measuring the carcass and meat quality and the meat fatty acid composition.
• The results showed that full-fat rice bran inclusion had no effect on average daily gain during 28–56 d, but rice bran inclusion at 18% increased average daily gain during 57–70 d. In addition, the full-fat rice bran supplementation decreased the subcutaneous fat yield, and the inclusion of full-fat rice bran in amounts of 12% and 18% decreased the half-eviscerated carcass yield, eviscerated carcass yield and crude fat content in goose meat. Moreover, full-fat rice bran supplementation had no effect on the content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA), but decreased the content of total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). The inclusion of full-fat rice bran in amounts of 12–18% increased the content of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and total n-6 in goose meat and in the amount of 18% increased n-3 fatty acids content in goose meat.
• The results indicated that the rice bran inclusion had a positive effect in geese by stimulating growth performance and improving meat quality and fatty acid composition of goose meat.
