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Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae) is a plant indigenous to Africa and South-East Asia. It is widely used in ethnomedicine to alleviate various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, jaundice, inflammation, fever, fractures, scabies, and urinary disorders. A total of 167 phytoconstituents, belonging to 12 diff...
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... Phytochemical analysis on Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, flavone glycosides, furanoditerpenoids cis-type clerodane, lactones, sterols, lignans, and nucleosides (Ahmad et al. 2016). Brotowali extract provides hypotensive activity and this supports the use of this Brotowali as an antihypertensive (Haque et al. 2023). The chemical content of bitter or soil bile (Andrographis paniculata) consists of flavonoids and lactones. ...
Panjaitan RGP, Kristi Y, Irawan B, Salleh LM. 2024. Short Communication: Medicinal plants traditionally used to treat hypertension in Babane Village, Bengkayang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3121-3129. One of the non-pharmacological treatments to treat hypertension is by herbal therapy using medicinal plants. This study aims to document medicinal plants to treat hypertension by the people of Babane Village, Bengkayang District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews and observations to informants selected using a purposive sampling method including traditional healers. This research documented 26 species of medicinal plants used traditionally as antihypertensives by the people in Babane Village consisting of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Ixora coccinea Comm. ex Lam., Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., Allium sativum L., Averrhoa carambola L., Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb., Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers ex Hook.fil. & Thomson, Andrographis paniculata (Burm.fil.) Nees, Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp., Physalis angulata L., Moringa oleifera Lam., Ricinus communis L., Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., Morinda citrifolia L., Phyllanthus niruri L., Annona muricata L., Eurycoma longifolia Jack, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav., Passiflora foetida L., Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Melastoma malabathricum L., Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., Cucumis sativus L., Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. The leaves are the most commonly used part of the plant because of their antihypertensive properties while boiling is the most common processing technique.
... The local community has developed traditional medicine to produce useful knowledge for developing medical science. Local communities have used plants as medicine for internal and external diseases (Barman et al. 2023;Haque et al. 2023). In addition, plants can also be used to produce therapeutic aromas that are useful medically (Weick et al. 2023). ...
Gani ARF, Hastuti US, Sulisetijono S, Setiowati FK. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants among the Karo tribe in Kuala Sub-district, Langkat District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2960-2968. Indonesia has a high diversity of plants. One area of Indonesia with a high diversity of plants is Kuala Sub-district, Langkat District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The Karo tribe inhabits Kuala Sub-district, and they still apply the ethnomedicine knowledge in their life; this study aims to: (i) document ethnomedicine knowledge of the use of medicinal plants in Kuala Sub-district, (ii) Analyze the use value and cultural significance index to determine the level of use of medicinal plants by the Karo people in Kuala Sub-district. Ethnomedicine data were collected for eleven months, from October 2022 to April 2024. The data sources in this research were 205 informants (25 key informants and 180 additional informants). Data from 25 key informants was used to determine the cultural significance index, while data from 180 additional informants was used to determine use value (UV). ICS data was collected by conducting focus group discussions with key informants, while UV data collection was carried out using survey techniques. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews to determine various medicinal plants' quality, intensity, and exclusivity. This research shows 49 plants used in medicinal practice, and the highest significant cultural index and use value is Kaempferia galanga. The part of the plant that is most widely used is the leaf. The most common disease experienced by the Karo people in Kuala Sub-district is flatulence and many medicinal plants are used to treat this disease.
... A large number of herbal drugs are known to be used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders in different Tinospora crispa is a potent medicinal plant with multiple clinical indications. 2 The plant has a recorded history of ethnopharmaceutical use as an antihypertensive in several communities. The plant has also been reported for its cardioactive properties. ...
Tinospora crispa, a potent medicinal plant with multiple clinical indications, has a recorded history of ethnopharmaceutical use as an antihypertensive and has also been reported for its cardioactive properties. The antihypertensive and cardioactive properties of the plant were investigated in two different animal models of hypertension (ethanol-induced and digoxin-induced). In both models, the plant’s ethanolic extract was observed to exert a dose-dependent effect. Furthermore, treatment with the ethanolic extract resulted in no undesirable changes in liver and kidney function parameters such as serum SGOT, SGPT and creatinine levels. The ethanolic extract of the plant may, therefore, be considered safe and effective for the treatment of hypertension, although further extensive research into this is warranted. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 1-6, 2024 (June)
... The individual herbal extract has been empirically used for DFU healing with its specific activities. T. crispa is used for treating diabetes, hypertension, and wound dressing (14,15). The active ingredients include apigenin, diosmetin, luteolin4'-methylether7glucoside, and syringin (14). ...
Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) potentially leads to loss of function, infections, hospitalization, lower-extremity amputation, and even death. The potential therapeutic efficacy of a polyherbal candidate named TIP-Heal was identified for treating DFU. TIP-Heal, which stands for Tinospora crispa, Isotoma longiflora, and Piper betle L var nigra, consists of extracts from these three herbs in a ratio of 2:1:1. The Indonesian population commonly uses these herbs due to their wound-healing properties. It is our interest to analyse the mechanism of the polyherbal extract using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: This study uses network pharmacology and molecular docking methods to analyze the multi-target mechanism of active compounds in TIP-Heal extract for DFU treatment. The proteins targeted by the bioactive chemical present in TIP-Heal and DFU were identified within a particular dataset with the keyword "homo sapiens." The identified target proteins were assessed using gene ontology (GO) analysis, the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), and molecular docking. Results: The critical proteins obtained were AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), caspase-3 (CASP3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Several compounds, namely PubChem (Compound Identifier=CID: 5319898), 3-epiursolic acid, palmitic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid showed great potential as viable candidates to facilitate the healing process of DFU. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the TIP-Heal extract has the potential to be used as a natural herbal treatment for DFUs with the involvement of AKT1, CASP3, EFGR, and SRC proteins.
... However, rapidly increasing human populations, urbanization, climate change, and habitat destruction are harming essential medicinal plants and their resources (Okello and Kiringe, 2004;Kamau et al., 2016;Razgour et al., 2020). To address this, it is imperative to carefully investigate and document the ethnomedicinal information, pharmacological activities, and phytochemistry of promising plants to preserve the knowledge and facilitate further research aimed at valorizing their efficacy as potential sources of new drugs and to support conservation programs (Kamau et al., 2016;Kigen et al., 2014;Haque et al., 2022;Hmidouche et al., 2023). Accordingly, we reviewed the local and traditional medicinal uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemistry of plants within the genus Sarcophyte because of the lack of comprehensive scientific information and because they are rarely encountered. ...
Although medicinal plants have been used by ethnic communities since ancient times to prevent and treat various diseases, only a few have been scientifically documented. Therefore, due to their rare availability and lack of comprehensive scientific information, we reviewed the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of plants within the genus Sarcophyte. To do this, we used specific search terms and phrases to retrieve relevant information from online sources published in English from 2000 to July 2023. The results showed that there are only two plants in the genus Sarcophyte (Sarcophyte sanguinea Sparrm. and Sarcophyte piriei Hutch.), which are traditionally used to treat a wide range of diseases, especially cancer, and skin, gastrointestinal, and urinogenital tract ailments in humans, and to cure animals in ethnoveterinary practices. It was noted that 13 secondary metabolites have been isolated from the two plants, the most prominent of which are flavonoids (diinsininol, diinsinin, and naringenin). The antioxidant activity of S. piriei is reported based on the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50: 4.26 ± 0.22 μg/mL) and 2 -2′-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate (ABTS) radicals (IC50: 4.62 ± 0.14 μg/mL), chelating iron (IC50: 1.82 ± 0.01 μg/mL, 3.50 ± 0.09 μg/mL), and nitric oxide (IC50: 9.97 ± 0.88 μg/mL, 9.09 ± 0.11 μg/mL). The methanolic stem extracts of S. piriei possess antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio fluvialis, and Enterococcus avium, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.16 to 0.625 mg/mL, and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1.25 to 5 mg/mL. Cytotoxic effects of the extracts from the two plant species were also demonstrated. Sarcophyte piriei possesses therapeutic potential as evidenced by the inhibitory effects of the aqueous rhizome extract on edema (1,000 mg/kg) and prostaglandin synthesis (IC50 = 0.2 mg/mL). In addition, diinsininol and diinsinin were isolated from S. sanguinea inhibited prostaglandin synthesis (IC50: 9.20 µM, 13.14 µM) and platelet-activating factor-induced exocytosis. Therefore, based on this review, further scientific research is needed to demystify the links between traditional medicinal uses, various secondary metabolites, and the pharmacology of the two plants.
... However, rapidly increasing human populations, urbanization, climate change, and habitat destruction are harming essential medicinal plants and their resources (Okello and Kiringe, 2004;Kamau et al., 2016;Razgour et al., 2020). To address this, it is imperative to carefully investigate and document the ethnomedicinal information, pharmacological activities, and phytochemistry of promising plants to preserve the knowledge and facilitate further research aimed at valorizing their efficacy as potential sources of new drugs and to support conservation programs (Kamau et al., 2016;Kigen et al., 2014;Haque et al., 2022;Hmidouche et al., 2023). Accordingly, we reviewed the local and traditional medicinal uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemistry of plants within the genus Sarcophyte because of the lack of comprehensive scientific information and because they are rarely encountered. ...
Although medicinal plants have been used by ethnic communities since ancient times to prevent and treat various diseases, only a few have been scientifically documented. Therefore, due to their rare availability and lack of comprehensive scientific information, we reviewed the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of plants within the genus Sarcophyte. To do this, we used specific search terms and phrases to retrieve relevant information from online sources published in English from 2000 to July 2023. The results showed that there are only two plants in the genus Sarcophyte (Sarcophyte sanguinea Sparrm. and Sarcophyte piriei Hutch.), which are traditionally used to treat a wide range of diseases, especially cancer, and skin, gastrointestinal, and urinogenital tract ailments in humans, and to cure animals in ethnoveterinary practices. It was noted that 13 secondary metabolites have been isolated from the two plants, the most prominent of which are flavonoids (diinsininol, diinsinin, and naringenin). The antioxidant activity of S. piriei is reported based on the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC 50 : 4.26 ± 0.22 μg/mL) and 2-2′-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate (ABTS) radicals (IC 50 : 4.62 ± 0.14 μg/mL), chelating iron (IC 50 : 1.82 ± 0.01 μg/mL, 3.50 ± 0.09 μg/mL), and nitric oxide (IC 50 : 9.97 ± 0.88 μg/mL, 9.09 ± 0.11 μg/mL). The methanolic stem extracts of S. piriei possess antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio fluvialis, and Enterococcus avium, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.16 to 0.625 mg/ mL, and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1.25 to 5 mg/mL. Cytotoxic effects of the extracts from the two plant species were also demonstrated. Sarcophyte piriei possesses therapeutic potential as evidenced by the inhibitory effects of the aqueous rhizome extract on edema (1,000 mg/kg) and prostaglandin synthesis (IC 50 = 0.2 mg/mL). In addition, diinsininol and diinsinin were isolated from S. sanguinea inhibited prostaglandin synthesis
... The chemical constituents in Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. and Thomson have been studied extensively, and various chemicals such as crispenes C, D, F, and G showed cytotoxicity against STAT3-dependent MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells [48]. Though anti-cervical cancer substances have not been investigated yet, the aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of stems showed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with IC50 values of 53.83 ± 1.47, 52.5 ± 1.14, and 46.13 ± 2.81 µg/mL, respectively [49]. ...
Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of frequently found cancers in Thailand. One of the causative agents is the infection of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18. Traditional medicines are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are a valuable source for the development of novel cancer therapies. In this study, the therapeutic effects of 3 traditional medicines, KerraTM, KSTM, and MinozaTM, were studied on HeLa and CaSki cells. Materials and Methods: The effects of KerraTM, KSTM, and MinozaTM on cancer cells were evaluated through cytotoxicity and cell death assays. The infection assay using HPV-16 pseudovirus was also carried out. Results: All traditional medicines efficiently suppressed cell growths of HeLa and CaSki, with KerraTM being the most potent anticancer agent followed by KSTM and MinozaTM. KerraTM at 158 µg/mL and 261 µg/mL significantly increases the percentage inhibition of the HPV-16 pseudovirus infection in a pre-attachment step in a dose-dependent manner, while KSTM at 261 µg/mL efficiently inhibited viral infection in both pre-attachment and adsorption steps. However, KerraTM, KSTM, and MinozaTM at subtoxic concentrations could not reduce the viral E6 mRNA expressions of HPV-16 and HPV-18. Cell death assay by acridine orange/ethidium bromide showed that KerraTM increased population of dead cells in dose-dependent manner in both CaSki and HeLa. The percentage of secondary necrosis in KerraTM-treated CaSki was higher than that of HeLa cells, while the percentage of late apoptotic cells in HeLa was higher than that of CaSki, indicating that HeLa was more susceptible to KerraTM than CaSki. For KSTM and MinozaTM, these extracts at 250 µg/mL promoted autophagy over cell death. At 500 µg/mL, the percentage of dead cells in KerraTM was higher than that of KSTM and MinozaTM. Conclusions: KerraTM is a potent traditional medicine for promoting cancer cell death. KerraTM is possibly useful in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. Further investigation will be carried out to gain a better understanding of the biochemical mechanism and the pharmacological activity underlying this effect.
