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Timeseries of climate-related human activities. The data obtained since the publication of Ripple and colleagues (2023a) are shown in red (dark gray in black and white). In panel (f), tree cover loss does not account for forest gain and includes loss due to any cause. For panel (h), hydroelectricity and nuclear energy are shown in supplemental figure S3. Sources and additional details about each variable are provided in supplemental file S1.
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Our aim in the present article is to communicate directly to researchers, policymakers, and the public. As scientists and academics, we feel it is our moral duty and that of our institutions to alert humanity to the growing threats that we face as clearly as possible and to show leadership in addressing them. In this report, we analyze the latest t...
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... Moreover, rising water temperatures and the increase in extreme weather events have disrupted the balance of river ecosystems, endangering aquatic life [4]. It was reported that we are on the brink of an irreversible climate disaster [5]. Take the past year of 2024 as an example, in March-May, heavy rainfall in East Africa caused severe flooding that killed hundreds and affected more than 700,000 people. ...
... Human activities impact the planet by altering natural cycles and are responsible for climate change and pollution, which pose challenges to ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health and well-being (figure 1). [1][2][3][4] It is now essential to consider Planetary Health, which is described as a solutions-oriented, transdisciplinary field and social movement focused on analysing and addressing the effects of human disruptions to the Earth's natural systems on human health and all life on Earth. 1 Do we, as the Sports and Exercise Medicine (SEM) community, have a role to play in Planetary Health? What decisions should we make? ...
Human activities affect the planet by altering natural cycles. They contribute to climate change and pollution, posing challenges to ecosystems, biodiversity, human well-being and health. There is a need to consider Planetary Health, which is described as a solutions-oriented, transdisciplinary field and social movement focused on analysing and addressing the impacts of human disruptions to the Earth's natural systems on human health and all life on Earth. This viewpoint discusses the responsibilities, choices, potential roles and practical initiatives concerning Planetary Health for the Sports and Exercise Medicine (SEM) community. Practices in both medicine and sport impact the environment. We can shift our human and SEM activities and adopt a Planetary Health approach. Our role as the SEM community is to protect and promote the health of athletes and populations. This also involves caring for the environment, given the close link between environmental and human health. Therefore, as an SEM community, we are concerned about the health of our ecosystems and the importance of respecting planetary boundaries. Our scientific expertise, inspirational leadership and ethics should encourage us to raise awareness and become exemplary torchbearers. We must embrace the challenge of addressing humanity's planetary crises to rise to the occasion, uphold our values and strengthen our connection with nature: « faster, higher, stronger-all together »
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC ⇒ Human activities impact the planet by altering natural cycles and are responsible for climate change and pollution, which pose challenges to ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health and well-being. ⇒ Both the origins of our Sports and Exercise Medicine discipline (ie, medicine and sports) produce large ecological footprints. ⇒ On the one hand, as with other human activities, continuing this SEM approach, which favours an-thropocentric extractivism, will worsen ecological and social consequences. On the other hand, we can redirect our human and SEM activities and embrace a Planetary Health approach.
WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS ⇒ If we recognise that we are facing a global health emergency of a climate and nature crisis, we should adopt an eco-ethical attitude and make a great turnaround right now. ⇒ We could i) quantify and report carbon footprint, ii) explore to better understand how our medical, research , and sports practices impact the environment and how to mitigate them, iii) educate populations, iv) optimise the health system by reducing its ecological footprint, v) adopt a responsible and inspiring approach, and vi) promote a sustainable future and advocate for equitable policies.
HOW THIS STUDY MIGHT AFFECT RESEARCH, PRACTICE OR POLICY ⇒ As the Sports and Exercise Medicine community, we could play a key role in the expected virtuous transformation and enhance well-being by adopting the Planetary Health paradigm. The population's faith in healthcare professionals and their qualities (eg, benevolence, goodwill), allied to the popularity of sports and its values (eg, courage, perseverance, fairness), can be an asset in this challenge.
... As per the data observed, it was also clear that the rotor started rotating at three m/s in January, February, May, and July. This is due to low surface temperature distributions on the earth's surface in winter, and it may cause the wind to blow very low, even at very high altitudes, say 100-110 m of the tower height [54]. ...
The key thrust of this research work is to in-situ Analysis of the drop in Thermal Performance of wind turbine gearbox systems and global challenges and sustainable ideas detection of several failures that occur in the wind turbine gearbox with the help of the latest emerging sensors, and the source of the slave gearbox is a significant input for the master gearbox setup running at 1100 to 1150 rpm at generator side from Jan 2020 to Dec 2020. From the Experimental results, it is clearly understood that the majority of failures occurred due to irregular velocities ranging from 9 to 10 m s⁻¹ at average velocities, and the kinematic viscosities of the oil exceed 400 μ resulting in heavy vibrations resulting in higher maintenance costs. The Master gearbox gives more Predominant results than the Slave gearbox; oil sump temperatures exceeding 85 °C result in poor active power generation falling below 100 Kw, and slave Gearbox oil sump temperatures are achieved at 100 °C; the Maximum temperature attained from the IMS Drive end-stage rate of 85 °C to 90 °C at lower speeds for master gearbox; Whereas slave gearbox temperatures are attained at 110 °C. The average temperature attained from the HSS stage of the Gearbox coupled with the generator is 90 °C, causing heavy vibration frequencies ranging from decibels causing tooth pitting failures for the master gearbox and for the slave gearbox. Average temperatures were attained by 120 °C.
... In the current times of worsening climate change, more extreme environmental events, and increasing biodiversity loss, among other ecological challenges, humanity needs as many people as possible to understand and use ecological science, especially regarding its applications to environmental management and policy development (Ripple et al. 2024). Ensuring that future societies and workforces are better positioned to address social-ecological challenges, particularly those related to environmental injustices and inequalities, should be a central goal for ecology education (Johnson and Mappin 2005, Lewinsohn et al. 2015, Martusewicz et al. 2020, Kellogg 2023. ...
... In these "perilous times on planet Earth" (Ripple et al. 2024), ecologists have critical responsibilities to consider how to teach ecology more effectively to a larger number of and more diverse students. Taking cues from ecopsychology and ecotherapy (Box 2), the entire community of ecologists must explicitly and critically think about what content and pedagogies are most likely to help undergraduate students and people of all ages increase their appreciation, curiosity, wonder, hope, and excitement about nature, and their personal agency for contributing to its protection and sustainable management (e.g., Ojala 2017, Beavington 2021, Buijs and Jacobs 2021, Betro 2024, Ough Dealy et al. 2024, regardless of where they live, their backgrounds, worldviews, and identities. ...
Educating more students about ecology and its beneficial applications to societal issues is urgent yet challenging. To address this challenge, diversifying ecology education is a key way to make ecology more inclusive, accessible, and interdisciplinary for more people than ever. Advancing this goal requires ecology educators to develop a more expansive view of (1) how to engage more diverse undergraduate students in ecology courses, especially those from historically underrepresented groups and non‐majors, (2) the interdisciplinarity of content in those courses, and (3) the learner‐centered pedagogies used to engage students. We suggest ways that ecologists can advance “ecology education for everyone” including focusing on connecting ecology to students' everyday lives and local (urbanized) places; applying ecology to solving problems in social–ecological systems; introducing students to the diversity of worldviews about science and nature; and adopting authentic teaching practices such as course‐based undergraduate research, service learning, and reflective practices. Through such efforts, ecology education can become more positivistic and pluralistic and help students better appreciate the value of ecology for society and use their ecological literacy to engage in improving local communities and ecosystems. Successful diversification of ecology education should also benefit the discipline of ecology as more diverse students decide to take more ecology courses, potentially pursue ecology‐related careers, and support ecologically based decision‐making for a more sustainable and environmentally just future for all people.
... These actions come amid increasingly dire warnings from scientists that the world's largest industrial economies must rapidly phase out coal, oil and gas --the burning of which is the leading source of human-caused climate change --to avert irreversible climate catastrophe (W. J. Ripple et al., Bioscience 74, biae087;2024). ...
Within hours of taking office, US President Donald Trump had announced a series of executive orders and policies to boost oil and gas production, roll back environmental protections, undo environmental-justice initiatives enacted by former President Joe Biden and withdraw from the Paris climate accord. Trump has called climate change a “hoax” and appointed fossil-fuel industry executives who reject mainstream climate science to his cabinet.
... Rooted in responsibly harvested raw materials, the efficient conversion and long-term sequestration of carbon in circular materials should be the central goal of future policies outlining the utilization of forest biomass 10 . Whether the material will be used in construction or in other sectors, to mitigate climate change it will be necessary to replace carbon-intensive materials rather than create additional demand 11 . Moreover, to prevent the early release of the carbon stored within the wood, long-term circularity needs to be implemented in the initial materials and must be followed through during reuse and recycling before the stored carbon becomes a feedstock to regrow our forests at the materials' end of life. ...
Wooden bioresources are key materials for the transition to a circular bioeconomy, yet widespread adoption, for example in construction, still lags. Growth is stalled by policy gaps, resource debates and limited public confidence. A blueprint for global initiatives can help realize the full potential of bio-based materials. Fulltext (read only by web-browser) here: https://rdcu.be/d8r7y
... In October 2024, a group of leading climate scientists wrote 'We are on the brink of an irreversible climate disaster… We are stepping into a critical and unpredictable new phase of the climate crisis' (Ripple et al. 2024). This cautionary statement underscores an urgent reality: the climate crisis is no longer a distant threat -it is here, now, reshaping lives, economies, and ecosystems across the globe. ...
... It is time to recognize that the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement aim of limiting heating by the year 2100 to 2.0, and ideally 1.5 °C above pre-industrial temperature levels cannot be met under current dynamics. Global temperatures have passed the 1.5 °C threshold in 2023and continue beyond it since, at an accelerating rate, and without significantly effective corrective action [3]. This article outlines reasons for this, and ten key policy directions for moving forward. ...
International climate negotiations [1] have not achieved
their objectives of halting or even slowing global heating.
Current developments in deglaciation, temperature rise
and ocean acidification exceed the projected trajectories,
taking much of the scientific community by surprise [2].
The policy and action frameworks established to confront
the challenge do not match its enormity, nor the speed in
which it unfolds.
It is time to recognize that the 2015 Paris Climate
Agreement aim of limiting heating by the year 2100 to
2.0, and ideally 1.5 °C above pre-industrial temperature
levels cannot be met under current dynamics. Global
temperatures have passed the 1.5 °C threshold in 2023—
and continue beyond it since, at an accelerating rate, and
without significantly effective corrective action [3]. This
article outlines reasons for this, and ten key policy direc-
tions for moving forward. These are founded on the rec-
ognition that not individual, narrowly conceived efforts
promise success, but only a combination of mutually
reinforcing measures can help the recovery of a healthy
biosphere. It promises to halt further decline and arrive
at climate stabilization. Only a healthy biosphere is capa-
ble of stabilizing the global climate. All we can do—and
everything we must do—is assist the process of regener-
ating and safeguarding this capacity.
... Around 16% of the Pan-Amazon's original forest cover have been deforested by 2023 (according to JRC-TMF combined with data from Mazur et al. 2024 [18]), while between 17 and 38% are estimated to be degraded [19,20], mostly by illegal or unsustainable selective logging, fire, edge effects and drought-induced mortality [21]. While deforestation has decreased in 2023 in the Amazon region by almost 19% compared to year 2022 (see chapter 2), forest degradation has skyrocketed mostly due to forest fires. ...
The Amazon rainforest, a vital global ecosystem, is facing significant threats from the loss of intact forest through deforestation and degradation. This report provides an overview of recent forest changes in the Amazon, focusing on Brazil, the country with the largest portion of the Amazon. Based on the JRC cloud-computed, remote sensing – based, large-scale tropical forest monitoring approach, maps and statistical estimates on forest cover changes from 1990 – 2023 are provided in this report for the whole region as well as for the different Amazon countries. The report contains a discussion about the drivers of deforestation, such as agricultural expansion, and forest degradation (e.g. illegal or unsustainable selective logging, forest fires). These activities have severe consequences for biodiversity, climate regulation, and the livelihoods of millions of people. In addition, a dedicated chapter on forest regrowth in the Amazon biome shows its spatial distribution and its changes over time, and provides a detailed analysis of its growth dynamics and their value regarding biodiversity and carbon storage. Understanding the changes in the forest is crucial for developing effective strategies to protect the Amazon. By identifying vulnerable areas and understanding the underlying drivers of deforestation, forest degradation and regrowth, informed and targeted interventions can be planned and implemented to mitigate these threats.
... Literature shows that there are different approaches to setting limit values from a target top-down or empirical bottom-up approach. The top-down approach may be based on planetary boundaries (Ripple et al., 2024) In contrast, the bottom-up approach is based on observations of best practices to develop limit value trajectories. For example, benchmark values can be derived from a set of reference buildings at the national level and linked to statistical indicators. ...
