Table 1 - uploaded by Iman Khajehzadeh
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From 1974 to 2011 the average new New Zealand house almost doubled in size while occupancy reduced over the same period. A first study indicates the features of large houses include several bathrooms, double/triple garaging, extra bedrooms/living areas and specialized rooms although there is no study of how these extra spaces are used. As a part of...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... each house has a different combination of rooms, it is difficult to compare time usages. For this reason, spaces within a house were put into 12 categories (Table 1). For all households, bedrooms with nightly use were considered usual bedrooms and other bedrooms as extras. ...
Context 2
... differences came from time spent out of home and usual/extra living areas. Table 1 presents average time spent in each space category and the households which were included in each average (only households with at least one room in each space category are included in that particular average). As seen in Table 1, for an average household, the majority of time at home (76%) is spent in usual bedrooms and usual living areas. ...
Context 3
... 1 presents average time spent in each space category and the households which were included in each average (only households with at least one room in each space category are included in that particular average). As seen in Table 1, for an average household, the majority of time at home (76%) is spent in usual bedrooms and usual living areas. To compare time usage in different space categories in small and large houses, Figure 3 was created to represent an average for all small and large houses. ...
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Citations
... Processing vibrations and acoustic sounds to monitor events in the household is also an interesting solution. Recent studies from [7] show that the study of sound patterns is applicable in order to monitor the processes in the household. The authors found various types of sound phenomena such as 'gunshot', 'burning', 'glass breaking', 'explosion', 'scream' and 'vomiting'. ...
Dynamic and abrupt changes in the energy sector of the EU countries point to the need for significant optimisation and more flexible energy consumption patterns. Since the implementation of Energy Management System in the residential sector of Germany is still in an active development phase, the aim of this paper is to consider the application of the widest possible range of sensors whose performance is applicable with the Energy Management System and the Ger-man Advanced Metering Infrastructure to maximise the efficiency of Energy Management processes, load flexibility and the functionality of the Energy Management System. The resulting Energy Management System results have been tested and validated with a Hardware-in-the-loop simulation on the Opal-RT simulator, indicating the potential for energy optimisation and interoperability with the Advanced Metering Infrastructure.
... Living room, bedroom, kitchen, and dining room are the most attended spaces within homes. This result echoes previous work that using traditional methods reported that living rooms and bedrooms are the most used places in small and large homes by occupants [43], and extends this previous finding by showing that for the specific case of young people on weekend nights, kitchens and dining rooms are also frequently used indoor spaces. As mentioned previously, a few videos avoid capturing directly the physical spaces by turning the camera to the ceiling and floor. ...
Private nightlife environments of young people are likely characterized by their physical attributes, particular ambiance, and activities, but relatively little is known about it from social media studies. For instance, recent work has documented ambiance and physical characteristics of homes using pictures from Airbnb, but questions remain on whether this kind of curated data reliably represents everyday life situations. To describe the physical and ambiance features of homes of youth using manual annotations and machine-extracted features, we used a unique dataset of 301 crowdsourced videos of home environments recorded in-situ by young people on weekend nights. Agreement among five independent annotators was high for most studied variables. Results of the annotation task revealed various patterns of youth home spaces, such as the type of room attended (e.g., living room and bedroom), the number and gender of friends present, and the type of ongoing activities (e.g., watching TV alone; or drinking, chatting and eating in the presence of others.) Then, object and scene visual features of places, extracted via deep learning, were found to correlate with ambiances, while sound features did not. Finally, the results of a regression task for inferring ambiances from those features showed that six of the ambiance categories can be inferred with R 2 in the [0.21, 0.69] range. Our work is novel with regard to the type of data (crowdsourced videos of real homes of young people) and the analytical design (combined use of manual annotation and deep learning to identify relevant cues), and contributes to the understanding of home environments represented through digital media.
... Based on house layout, a time-use diary was prepared for each person to report the time he/she spent in each room as well as "out of home" for 14 consecutive days in winter. A full description of this study and the results are presented elsewhere (Khajehzadeh and Vale, 2015b). ...
In most developed countries censuses and crowding indices measure house size in terms of number rooms or bedrooms, even though the average house size varies in different countries. According to Statistics New Zealand and studies by BRANZ, recently New Zealand houses have changed both in terms of overall floor area and types of rooms. A floor plan study of 287 New Zealand houses revealed new houses have many specialized rooms and normal room types (sleeping bedrooms, living rooms) are bigger. Though bathrooms/laundries are never counted as habitable rooms, some in new houses are exceed the size of a bedroom in a 3-bedroom New Zealand state house. The study also shows the floor area of a 3 bedroom house in New Zealand varies from 79-225m 2 , thereby questioning whether using number of bedrooms could be underestimating house size in New Zealand and other developed countries. This paper uses evidence to propose that censuses and crowding indices need more complicated tools for predicting house size and discusses the form these might take.
... Based on house layout, a time-use diary was prepared for each person to report the time he/she spent in each room as well as "out of home" for 14 consecutive days in winter. A full description of this study and the results are presented elsewhere (Khajehzadeh and Vale, 2015a The third and main study was an on-line survey administered in February-April 2015 in New Zealand. The survey was limited to single people, couples and couples with 1 or 2 children living in owner occupied houses. ...
... Based on house layout, a time-use diary was prepared for each person to report the time he/she spent in each room, garden/deck (if available) and "out of home" for 14 consecutive days in winter. A full description of this study and the results are presented elsewhere (Khajehzadeh and Vale, 2015a). ...
New Zealand is a large land area with a low population and consequently a country of gardens. It also
has a temperate climate and according to Statistics New Zealand in 2013, 81.1% of NZ dwellings were
detached, and therefore had open space. There is also a growing trend for buying more outdoor
furniture for New Zealand houses. However, a time‐use microenvironment study on 538 individuals
living in 212 owner‐occupied houses in New Zealand shows that on average New Zealanders spend
0.52 hours/day using the gardens/decks of their home in summer. Analysis shows that time‐use at
home‐outdoors differs by day type and age, and that having more outdoor furniture does not
necessarily lead to more time‐use at home‐outdoors by the household. This paper presents the life cycle implications of making and furnishing the outdoor spaces of this sample of New Zealand homes, and further investigates this as a proportion of the total life‐cycle environmental impact of the house. It also discusses the productive nature of private gardens, and how the use of gardens has changed.
... Building consent figures from Statistics NZ (2014a) also show that the average floor area of new houses in New Zealand has almost doubled from 1974 (108.7m 2 ) to 2011 (191.6m 2 ). Preliminary studies undertaken as part of this research show that one feature of these larger houses are their double and triple garages, along extra bedrooms, extra living rooms, multiple bathrooms, and specialized rooms, such as a designated study (Khajehzadeh and Vale, 2015a). These studies also found New Zealand houses had carports and hard-standings for parking, usually coupled with the opportunity to park in the road (Khajehzadeh and Vale, 2015a). ...
... Preliminary studies undertaken as part of this research show that one feature of these larger houses are their double and triple garages, along extra bedrooms, extra living rooms, multiple bathrooms, and specialized rooms, such as a designated study (Khajehzadeh and Vale, 2015a). These studies also found New Zealand houses had carports and hard-standings for parking, usually coupled with the opportunity to park in the road (Khajehzadeh and Vale, 2015a). This all suggests the presence of unused parking facilities in many New Zealand houses. ...
... This study shows that on average garages of NZ houses are vacant for 14.4 hours/day. The results of our pilot study for this project (Khajehzadeh and Vale, 2015a) indicate that a ...
