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Fold interference patterns and superimposed relations are common in the Neoproterozoic basement rocks of Egypt. They are the products of complex Precambrian orogenies formed by collision and accretionary island arcs onto a pre-Pan-African continent to the west of the River Nile. Fold interference patterns and superimposed folds affected the unmetam...
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Fold interference patterns and superimposed relations are common in the Neoproterozo-ic basement rocks of Egypt. They are the products of complex Precambrian orogenies formed by collision and accretionary island arcs onto a pre-Pan-African continent to the west of the River Nile. Fold interference patterns and superimposed folds affected the unmeta...
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... Concerning Kennedy (1964) generally, the study area is thought to be affected by two types of metamorphism: (a) high-grade regional metamorphism affected on metasediments during the pre-Pan-African Hafafit Orogeny (630-600); (b) slightly and locally low grade -greenschist facies -metamorphism affected on volcaniclastic rocks during Pan-African tectono-thermal events . El-Kazzaz (2010) Geological mapping and mineral exploration in the traditional sense are labor-intensive, expensive, and time-consuming. On the contrary, modern exploration approaches (mainly utilizing remote sensing datasets), save time, effort, and help to separate potential areas from non-interesting areas for further exploration (Rajesh, 2004). ...
Through various scales of observation, ranging from remote sensing data, field investigations, hand specimens , microscopic petrographic examinations, XRD, to SEM, indicators of various mineralization types are highlighted in Ras El-kharit-wadi Khashir (Eastern Desert, Egypt). Systematic remote sensing exploration of the mineralized zones is performed through integrating Sentinel 2 and ASTER datasets. False-color combinations, informative band ratios, relative absorption band depth, and CEM techniques were applied to discriminate rock units and various types of hydrothermal alterations. Moreover, ALOS PALSAR DEM was utilized to decipher the structural lineaments. Intensive field investigations confirmed hydrothermally altered zones that were picked out through remote sensing analysis and revealed that the study area is affected by cataclastic metamorphism to some extent. Magmatic and metamorphic rock types are represented by propylitic, phyllic, argillic, and silicification zones. Sericitization, chloritization, epidotization, kaolinitization, carbonatization, and silicification are recorded utilizing petrographic and remote sensing investigations. Moreover, the current study reveals that the detected alteration is the main reason for the apparent wide range of petrographic characteristics of each rock type and bearing several opaque minerals, such as pyrite, magnetite, titanomagnetite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, covellite, galena, goethite, and hematite. Most of these opaques were identified using ore microscopy, XRD, and SEM. The distribution of hydrothermal alterations, representative samples bearing mineralization, structurally dissected zones are integrated to build a mineral potentiality map of the study area. The resultant MPM was confirmed via field survey and emphasized the usefulness of the current integrated approach besides highlighting about 125 km 2 as potential mineralized zones.
... Kröner et al. 1987;El-Gaby et al. 1990;Surour 1995;Abdelsalam et al. 2003), perhaps associated with rift related volcanicity or early island arc stage, while there are also arc volcanic slices in tectonic contact with the sediments (Abdeen and Abdelghaffar 2011). Within the complexes are higher grade (up to HT amphibolite facies equivalents) including metapsammitic migmatites and paragneisses, staurolite schist, garnet-biotite schist, garnetsillimanite-biotite gneiss, hornblende-biotite gneiss (Finger and Helmy 1998;Abd El-Naby et al. 2000;Khudeir et al. 2006a;El Kazzaz 2010). The presence of riebeckite in the psammitic gneisses at Hafafit has been explained as due to later soda metasomatism (El Ramly and Saleeb-Roufaeil 1974;Rashwan 1991). ...
The Precambrian crust of Africa comprises large remnants of Archaean massifs, which are parts of even larger units, some of which were subjected to tectonic reactivation in Proterozoic time. The youngest of these tectonic events is the ‘Pan-African’ episode, which led to the cratonization of ocean arc complexes following their collision with the older African craton during the period 1200–450 Ma.
