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The quickly evolving platform-based reorganisation of work comes with a whole set of opportunities and risks. First, this demands a precise terminology and analysis of its functionalities. Secondly, a broad public debate is needed about what values society deems worth protecting and what constitutes decent work. Finally, it is the role of governmen...
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... Developing internal evaluation criteria can enhance the selection process and ensure better matches, ultimately leading to higher quality work and better business outcomes. SMEs that consider cultural and language fit, and provide constructive feedback, will likely build stronger relationships with gig workers and achieve better results (Schmidt, 2017). ...
The gig economy is transforming the traditional employment landscape in Morocco, introducing both challenges and opportunities for talent identification. As online labor platforms such as Upwork, Fiverr, and Uber become increasingly prevalent, they facilitate the connection between freelance workers and SMEs seeking flexible labor solutions. This paper delves into the intricacies of tripartite work arrangements that encompass these platforms, the requesters (SMEs), and the gig workers themselves. By examining these relationships, we uncover the unique aspects of talent identification within the Moroccan gig economy. Our study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys to gather comprehensive data from various stakeholders.We identify that while online platforms employ standardized algorithms for talent identification, these methods often overlook local cultural and linguistic nuances critical to the Moroccan context. SMEs in Morocco tend to heavily rely on platform-mediated ratings and reviews, which underscores the trust placed in these digital reputation systems. Furthermore, our findings reveal that gig workers who invest in skill development and actively manage their online reputations are more likely to secure consistent and lucrative opportunities.This research provides a conceptual framework for understanding the complexities of talent identification in Morocco's gig economy, offering valuable insights for enhancing talent management practices. We propose several recommendations for platforms to refine their algorithms, for SMEs to develop more robust evaluation criteria, and for gig workers to focus on continuous skill enhancement. This paper not only contributes to the academic discourse on gig work but also provides practical guidelines for stakeholders to navigate and optimize talent identification processes in Morocco's evolving labor market.
... e demand is constituted by individuals or companies that pay for work [75,91]. Although classifications differ, the platform work literature typically distinguishes among online freelancing, crowdwork, and delivery and transportation platforms based on contract type, degree of time/location flexibility, skill requirements and client interaction [21,27,81,87,90,108,118]. ...
What does work and career success mean for those who secure their work using digital labor platforms? Traditional research on success predominantly relies on organizationally-centric benchmarks, such as promotions and income. These measures provide limited insights into the evolving nature of work and careers shaped at the intersection of digital labor platform technologies and workers' evolving perspectives. Drawing on data from a longitudinal study of 108 digital labor platform workers on Upwork, we (1) identify seven dimensions of success indicators that reflect workers' definitions of success in platform-mediated work and careers, (2) delineate three dimensions of digital labor platforms mediating workers' experiences of success and (3) examine the shifting perspectives of these workers relative to success. Based on these findings, we discuss the implications of platform-mediated success in workers' labor experiences, marked by platformic management, standardization, precarity and ongoing evolution. Our discussion intertwines CSCW scholarship with career studies, advancing a more nuanced understanding of the evolving perspectives on success in platform-mediated work and careers.
... El segundo grupo se refiere a las plataformas digitales que ejercen control directo sobre las relaciones de trabajo. Este segundo grupo puede, a su vez, ser subdividido en dos modalidades, según la definición propuesta por Schmidt (2017). Más conocida y visible, la modalidad del tipo "location-based" engloba ocupaciones que son ejecutadas personalmente en lugares específicos, abarcando el transporte de pasajeros, servicios de entrega, servicios a domicilio (cómo electricistas y plomeros), trabajos domésticos (servicio doméstico) y cuidados personales. ...
La digitalización y el desmantelamiento de los sistemas de protección vinculados al trabajo han creado un terreno fértil para la proliferación de plataformas de microtrabajo. Debido al desconocimiento de sus mecanismos de control y a la falta de regulación, estas plataformas representan un reto para investigadores y agentes estatales. Entre otras actividades, estas empresas encargan proyectos para entrenar modelos de inteligencia artificial y mejorar la pertinencia de sus productos. Este artículo se centra en estos trabajadores. En la primera parte, se desarrolla el estado del arte sobre las plataformas de microtareas en Brasil; en la segunda se presenta una breve panorámica de las plataformas en el país; y en la tercera, se analizan datos empíricos sobre perfil socioeconómico, condiciones de trabajo, jornada laboral y remuneración. Al introducir este trabajo en el debate, el texto ofrece un análisis crítico de la dinámica regional específica del caso brasileño, con el potencial de arrojar luz sobre procesos similares en países del Sur Global.
... There are large disparities in insurance, work-related injury benefits, old-age pension or retirement benefits, all of which increases the risk of precariousness (ILO, 2021). These discrepancies, raised by critics of the model (Collier, Dubal & Carter, 2017;Schmidt, 2017), let platform owners reduce labour costs that then translate into a lower price of services offered through the platforms, making them more affordable and attractive for clients. ...
Objective: The article examines the business model of digital labour platforms (DLPs) and the relative financial attractiveness of this form of work for platform workers. Research Design & Methods: The leading research methods used in the article include a critical analysis of the scientific achievements of Polish and international literature on the topic and a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire. Findings: The business model of digital labour platforms inherently exerts downward pressure on earnings, favouring low worker income. This pattern affects the pricing of both online and offline services. However, survey results indicate that most service providers in Poland have experienced an income increase since starting work through these online platforms, compared to their previous earnings. Implications / Recommendations: The business model of digital labour platforms theoretically incorporates elements that force down the incomes of service providers. However, the delivery of services within this framework can, depending on the national context, potentially lead to an increase in platform workers’ earnings. That being said, the relative income growth observed in the Polish labour market does not necessarily contradict the overarching trend of relatively low earnings for the workers in this sector. Contribution: The topic of platform work and the income of individuals engaged with DLPs in Poland have received limited attention from researchers. There has been also a notable absence of studies addressing these phenomena, particularly with regard to changes in income. The contribution of the present study is that it fills this gap in the literature.
... However, as exemplified by the debate discussed in the previous paragraph, such an understanding is currently lacking. This is because even though there is a large body of literature that seeks to typologize and distinguish between different types of digital platform labour (for example, Kalleberg and Dunn, 2016;Schmidt, 2017;De Stefano and Aloisi, 2018;Howcroft and Bergvall-Kåreborn, 2019), analytically, the differences have often not been taken into account, so obscuring our understanding (Vallas and Schor, 2020). For instance, by grouping online freelance labour with crowdwork, platform transportation work, and platform delivery work (for example, see Huws et al, 2018 andPiasna andDrahokoupil, 2019), one neglects the difference in online freelancers' worker control and, as a result, may wrongly specify how they experience and navigate their work (Kalleberg and Dunn, 2016;Vallas and Schor, 2020). ...
As the demand for online freelance labour is on the rise, it is critical to have a thorough understanding of the implications for freelancers. This article contributes to this understanding by synthesizing the empirical, academic literature centering the narratives of freelancers working through online freelance platforms. In doing so, it aims to answer the question of what is known about how these freelancers experience and navigate their work. The analysis identifies four prevailing themes, that is: (1) employment opportunities and motivating factors; (2) challenges; (3) freelancer agency; and (4) livelihood outcomes, and uncovers that online freelance labour results in an uneven distribution of livelihood outcomes. It also shows that detailed knowledge on this distribution is lacking. To fill this gap, this article proposes an agenda for future research based on Heeks’ (2022) model of adverse digital incorporation and revolving around four dimensions: design inequality, resource inequality, institutional inequality, and relational inequality.
... Control Over Work: Workers have greater autonomy over their tasks and schedules, which can enhance job satisfaction and motivation (Schmidt, 2017). ...
... Certification and Accreditation: Introduce certification and accreditation programmes to validate skills and improve the marketability of gig workers (Schmidt, 2017). ...
The gig economy, characterised by digital platforms offering flexible and on-demand work opportunities, has emerged as a transformative force in India’s employment landscape. This study explores the impact of gig economy platforms on employment opportunities in both urban and rural areas of India. Through a comprehensive review of literature and analysis of empirical data, the study examines how gig economy platforms such as Uber, Ola, Swiggy, and others have expanded job prospects, influenced income levels, and reshaped work flexibility in different geographical contexts. Key findings emphasize the role of digital infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and socioeconomic factors in shaping gig work participation and outcomes. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at maximizing the benefits of gig economy platforms for inclusive growth, addressing barriers to participation, and promoting equitable socioeconomic development across India’s diverse regions.
... Platform ekonomisi hem emek hem de sermaye platformlarını kapsamaktadır. Platform ekonomisindeki büyük dijital platformlar, genelde ortak malların paylaşımından daha çok özel kişiler tarafından sunulan çeşitli hizmetlerin ticari koordinasyonuna dayanmaktadır (Schmidt, 2017). Bu nedenle dijital emek platformları, platform ekonomisi içinde ayrıcalıklı bir yere sahiptir. ...
... Platform çalışma, müşteri, çalışan ve platformdan oluşan üçlü yapısı bakımından geleneksel istihdam ilişkisinden farklılaşmaktadır (Schmidt, 2017;Kutlu, 2021). Dijital emek platformları bir algoritma aracılığıyla işgücü arzı ve talebini eşleştirme yoluyla hizmet sunmaktadır (Aykaç, 2020;Eurofound, 2021). ...
Bu makale, platform çalışmaya dair yapılan yayınların bibliyometrik analizini sunmayı ve alanın entelektüel yapısını keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bibliyometrik analizler; yayınlar, alıntılar, yazarlar, anahtar kelimeler ve kurumlar açısından önde gelen eğilimleri belirleyerek, bir alandaki akademik araştırmalara genel bir bakış sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle mevcut bilimsel üretim ve gelecekteki araştırma hatlarındaki gelişmeleri anlamak için önemlidir. Web of Science Core Collection veri tabanında “platform çalışma” kavramı ile yapılan tarama sonucunda 266 dokümana ulaşılmıştır. Analiz birimi olarak 2017 ile Temmuz 2023 arasında yayınlanan 203 belgenin bibliyometrik verisi kullanılmıştır. Veri seti yazarlar, dergiler, kurumlar, ülkeler, metinler, ortak yazarlar gibi çeşitli bibliyometrik göstergeler açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, atıf sayıları dikkate alınarak en etkili yazarın Schor, en tkili ülkenin ABD, en etkili derginin Annual Review of Sociology, en etkili kurumun Boston Üniversitesi ve en etkili makalenin Vallas (2020) olduğunu göstermektedir. Platform çalışma ile ilgili yayınlarda en sık kullanılan ilk üç kavram sırasıyla algoritmik yönetim, Uber ve güvencesizliktir.
... Contest-based crowdwork involves many people performing the same task at the same time, and the person employed is paid. Although the pay for a single task is relatively expensive, it is very low when converted to an hourly rate (Schmidt, 2017). This type of crowdwork is mainly adapted to areas such as design logo creation. ...
On-demand app gig work in the ASEAN region significantly impacts people's lives and the market order. Conversely, the growing balance of power in these sectors threatens the sustainability of the ASEAN digital market and the over-exploitation of customers and workers, exposing companies to fierce regional competition. By focusing on the e-hailing and online food delivery sectors, this study examines the characteristics of the on-demand app gig economy market structure in ASEAN. This study develops an analytical framework applying the concept of four types of market structure in industrial relations theory. The descriptive analysis of market data related to the two markets and in-depth interviews with 14 individuals in 10 ASEAN countries identify the national and regional balance of power created by multi-layered market principles in the two main gig economy sectors. The findings of the study provide a detailed characterisation of the overall regional gig economy market of ASEAN in terms of monopolies, oligopolies and monopolistic competition. Based on the findings, the study concludes with a critical discussion of the coexistence of the market principles of the on-demand app gig economy and the existence of the digital market in the ASEAN region.
... Mối quan hệ trong dịch vụ giao hàng công nghệ tương đối phức tạp, bao gồm người yêu cầu dịch vụ, người lao động và nền tảng công nghệ đóng vai trò điều phối giữa khách hàng và người lao động. Trong đó, doanh nghiệp sở hữu nền tảng thiết kế các cơ chế, quy trình, chức năng và quy tắc để xác định các mối tương tác giữa khách hàng và người lao động, sự điều phối thông tin, quyền riêng tư và bảo mật dữ liệu đồng thời quyết định các đặc điểm của nhiệm vụ bao gồm quyền tự chủ, kiểm soát (Schmidt, 2017). Lao động tham gia các nền tảng giao hàng công nghệ và sử dụng tài sản cá nhân để thực hiện nhiệm vụ giao hàng (Chen và Chankov, 2017); họ sẵn sàng di chuyển theo các lộ trình khác nhau để vận chuyển và đưa hàng hóa tới các địa điểm theo yêu cầu của khách hàng và nhận được thu nhập tùy theo khoảng cách và trọng lượng của hàng hóa. ...
Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là xem xét sự tác động của yếu tố đặc điểm nhiệm vụ đối với động lực, nỗ lực làm việc và kết quả công việc của các lao động giao hàng công nghệ tại Việt Nam. Dựa trên dữ liệu khảo sát từ 253 lao động giao hàng công nghệ, kết quả nghiên cứu cung cấp bằng chứng về mối quan hệ tác động trực tiếp giữa các yếu tố đặc điểm nhiệm vụ với động lực bên trong và ảnh hưởng tích cực của động lực làm việc với nỗ lực và kết quả làm việc của lao động giao hàng công nghệ. Đặc biệt, vai trò điều tiết ngược chiều của động lực bên ngoài với động lực bên trong cũng được khẳng định trong nghiên cứu này. Các phát hiện của nghiên cứu cung cấp thêm các quan điểm mới về việc thiết kế các dịch vụ giao hàng công nghệ nhằm thúc đẩy động lực và nỗ lực trong công việc của người lao động.
... The market logic of the PMW becomes evident in how platforms define themselves as digital intermediaries or marketplaces that mediate supply and demand (Muller, 2019;Schmidt, 2017). In Norway, the extent of labor and welfare protection is determined by employment contracts, and employment remains highly significant in both collective agreements and statutory regulations (Hotvedt, 2020). ...
The Nordic working life model (NWLM) promotes ‘good work’ on societal and workplace levels. However, this model is now challenged by emerging business models in the platform economy. This study investigates how digital labor platforms respond to conflicting institutional logics and how platform-mediated work intervenes with the inherent logic of the NWLM. The authors examine platform business strategies and their implications for working environment regulations, co-determination, and collective bargaining. Empirical data comprising 50 interviews with food delivery workers, platform managers, union representatives, employer association representatives, and occupational health and safety regulators from the Norwegian Labor Inspection Authority were analyzed by applying institutional complexity as a theoretical framework. The findings illustrate that a high degree of institutional complexity provides companies with discretionary space, which they utilize to achieve legitimacy and competitive advantages. The authors introduce the term institutional opportunism to describe how adaptation is performed. The study reveals that the platform economy, characterized by workers with limited experience of and knowledge about working life and strong market pressures, poses a challenge to the NWLM.
