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Three Study Scenarios. The means of the dependent measure in each condition of each study are given by the points.

Three Study Scenarios. The means of the dependent measure in each condition of each study are given by the points.

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The common approach to meta‐analysis is overwhelmingly dominant in practice but suffers from a major limitation: it is suitable for analyzing only a single effect of interest. However, contemporary psychological research studies—and thus meta‐analyses of them—typically feature multiple dependent effects of interest. In this paper, we introduce nove...

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... illustrate the distinction between heterogeneity involving differences in levels and heterogeneity involving differences in contrasts, consider the three study scenarios depicted in Figure 6 in which the measurement scales used for the dependent measure across the studies is the same five point integer scale and in which, for simplicity, all studies follow the same two-condition study design. We note the hypothetical data used in these three study scenarios is not meant to be realistic but but rather to clearly demonstrate this distinction. ...

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... A P-curve analysis(Simonsohn, Nelson and Simmons 2014) shows that both conditions for the full p-curve and half p-curve are met, indicating evidential value across our studies. We also conducted a single-paper metaanalysis using the method prescribed byMcShane and Böckenholt (2022). The meta-analysis included all studies reported in the main text, replication studies, file drawer studies, pilot tests, and stimuli calibration tests (k = 33). ...
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... The present study investigates the effect of cognitive load on creativity from an integrative approach inspired by cognitive offloading theory and unconscious thought theory, extending their application of both cognitive offloading theory and unconscious thought theory from psychology (i.e. Dijksterhuis & Meurs, 2006;McShane & Böckenholt, 2022;Risko & Gilbert, 2016) to organizational behavior. Specially, by utilizing the cognitive offloading theory, this study posits that cognitive load experienced in work contexts hinders employees' capacity to fully participate in their tasks, emphasizing the importance of identifying practical and efficient strategies for recuperation within organizations. ...
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how recommendations from close- versus distant-others influence consumer preferences. This paper explores how the consumption setting (public vs private) differentially affects the relative weight given to recommendations from these two sources. Design/methodology/approach Through five scenario-based experiments and an internal meta-analysis, this paper examines whether consumers are more likely to follow recommendations from distant- (vs close-) others in public consumption settings. As a test of the underlying process, this study also investigates the mediating role of distinctiveness-signaling motivation in why consumers overweight recommendations from distant others in public settings, and the moderating role of atypical product design. Findings The findings of this study support the hypothesis that recommendations from distant-others have a greater impact on consumer preferences in public consumption contexts, as opposed to recommendations from close-others. This result can be attributed to the heightened salience of consumers’ distinctiveness-signaling motives in public consumption contexts, leading them to prioritize exhibiting uniqueness over conforming to close-others’ recommendations. However, this study also reveals that the presence of alternative sources of distinctiveness, such as atypically designed products, can mitigate this effect, leading consumers to seek conformity to close-others’ recommendations even in public consumption contexts. Research limitations/implications This research did not look into the possible culture impact on the nonconforming consumption behavior. Previous research indicates that in collectivist cultures, nonconformity and distinctiveness are valued less (Kim and Drolet, 2003). This may imply that even with provoked signaling motives, collectivist consumers may not exhibit divergence from close-others. In fact, they may do the exact opposite and possibly become even more conforming to recommendations from close-others. Practical implications This research shed light on the business practice regarding word-of-mouth (WOM). Specifically, this research results suggest that for publicly consumed product, companies may need to seek a nontraditional WOM and use less WOM from consumer’s close-others. Originality/value Marketers often use referrals and recommendations from close-others to shape consumers’ preferences. In contrast, this study shows that for publicly consumed products, consumers may diverge from conforming to their close-others.