Figure 1
2: Thermosiphons installed on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline between Fort Greeley and Black Rapids, Alaska, a region with discontinuous permafrost.
Source publication
The primary focus of this work is an assessment of heat transfer to and
from a reversible thermosiphon imbedded in porous media. The interest in
this study is the improvement of underground thermal energy storage
(UTES) system performance with an innovative ground coupling using an
array of reversible (pump-assisted) thermosiphons for air condition...
Context in source publication
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Citations
... Applied hybrid systems (GCT-HP) solutions for house-heating purposes are adopted in Germany and Austria [27,37,65,66]. A smart heating and cooling system based on the thermosiphon principle was used by [34][35][36]67,68]. GCT technology was also successfully implemented in mega-projects, such as the Alaska pipeline, where over 120,000 thermosiphons were installed for an oil pipeline crossing Alaska. ...
Compared to conventional ground heat exchangers that require a separate pump or othermechanical devices to circulate the heat transfer fluid, ground coupled thermosiphons or naturallycirculating ground heat exchangers do not require additional equipment for fluid circulation in theloop. This might lead to a better overall efficiency and much simpler operation. This paper providesa review of the current published literature on the different types of existing ground coupledthermosiphons for use in applications requiring moderate and low temperatures. Effort has beenfocused on their classification according to type, configurations, major designs, and chronologicalyear of apparition. Important technological findings and characteristics are provided in summarytables. Advances are identified in terms of the latest device developments and innovative conceptsof thermosiphon technology used for the heat transfer to and from the soil. Applications arepresented in a novel, well-defined classification in which major ground coupled thermosiphonapplications are categorized in terms of medium and low temperature technologies. Finally,performance evaluation is meticulously discussed in terms of modeling, simulations, parametric,and experimental studies.
... The thermal conductivity of the salt was measured in a transient process of heating the central heater rod for a short period of time and letting heat to diffuse inside the salt. Measuring the temperature response of the central heater rod after it was turned off (Fig. 3) allowed calculation of the thermal conductivity of the salt as described in Ref. [20] and shown in Fig. 3. Permeability of the salt was measured by passing argon gas through the salt and measuring the pressure difference created at both ends of the reactor as shown by Han et al. [18]. ...
Intermittency of sustainable energy or waste heat availability calls for energy storage systems such as thermal batteries. Thermo-chemical batteries are particularly appealing for energy storage applications due to their high energy densities and ability to store thermal energy as chemical energy for long periods of time without any energy loss. Thermo-chemical batteries based on a reversible solid-gas (MgCl2 - NH3) reactions and NH3 liquid-gas phase change are of specific interest since the kinetics of absorption are fast and the heat transfer rates for liquid — vapor phase change are high. Thus, a thermo-chemical battery based on reversible reaction between magnesium chloride and ammonia was studied.
Experimental studies were conducted on a reactor in which temperature profiles within the solid matrix and pressure and flow rates of gas were obtained during charging processes. A numerical model based on heat and mass transfer within the salt and salt-gas reactions was developed to simulate the absorption processes within the solid matrix and the results were compared with experimental data. The studies were used to determine dominant heat and mass transfer processes within the salt.
It is shown that for high permeability materials, heat transfer is the dominant factor in determining reaction rates. However increasing thermal conductivity might decrease permeability and reduce reaction rates. The effect of constraining mass flow rate on the temperature and reaction propagation is also studied. These results show that optimized heat and mass transfer within the solid-gas reactor will lead to improved performance for heating and air conditioning applications.
Copyright © 2016 by ASME Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature
Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal
Intermittency of sustainable energy or waste heat availability calls for energy storage systems such as thermal batteries. Thermochemical batteries based on a reversible solid-gas (MgCl2-NH3) reactions and NH3 liquid-gas phase change are of specific interest since the kinetics of absorption are fast and the heat transfer rates for liquid-vapor phase change are high. Thus, a thermochemical battery based on reversible reaction between magnesium chloride and ammonia was studied. Two-dimensional experimental studies were conducted on a reactor in which temperature profiles within the solid matrix and pressure and flow rates of gas were obtained during discharging processes. A numerical model based on heat and mass transfer within the salt and salt-gas reactions was developed to simulate the NH3 absorption processes within the solid matrix, and the results were compared with experimental data to determine dominant heat and mass transfer processes within the salt. It is shown that for high permeability salt beds, the reactor uniformly adsorbs gaseous ammonia until the bed reaches the equilibrium temperature, then adsorbs gas near the cooled boundaries as the reaction front moves inward. In that mode, the heat transfer is the dominant factor in determining reaction rates.
