Fig 2 - uploaded by Chithra Piyadasa
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Thermionic valve (a). Side view of an old thermionic valve 6SN7GTB Duo triode with two filaments (b) basic components and their placement inside the thermionic valve (c). Top view of the same old valve. The valve has been mounted in a tube audio amplifier (EICO Model HF 87) vertically as in Fig. a. It is clearly seen that thin two circular patches have been observed on top inside the glass body above the filaments. The valve was used from 26/01/71 to 16/01/88. (d) Top view of a similar type of valve. This valve is fairly new, it has only been used for several months. A mild deposit of filament material is seen on top of the left hand side filament.
Source publication
Particles which undergo a change of state or phase transition to gaseous form by acquiring latent heat have shown a
movement against the gravitational field. In this regard, upward mobility of iodine molecules under different conditions
and geometries has been studied. No adequate explanation to this observation can be given with conventional laws...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... thermionic valve (see Fig. 2a) in use affords us further evidence of molecules moving upward in a pressure around 10 -7 mbar -10 -9 mbar. There are valves with clear glass tops in which the gutter (material which is used to keep the vacuum inside) is placed at the bottom. In such valves, when the valve is in use for a period of time, we could observe detached ...
Context 2
... valves with clear glass tops in which the gutter (material which is used to keep the vacuum inside) is placed at the bottom. In such valves, when the valve is in use for a period of time, we could observe detached filament particles (Fonda, 1926) (usually tungsten/thorium, 183.84/232.04 amu respectively) on the upper region of the glass envelope (Figs. 2c and 2d). Convection currents cannot exist in such a low pressure and hence cannot be expected to carry the metal particles upward (Fig. 2b) in a valve filament placed in a vacuum. If such convection currents occur, the operation of the valve would be erratic due to the noise which is created by the bombardment of gas particles on ...
Context 3
... when the valve is in use for a period of time, we could observe detached filament particles (Fonda, 1926) (usually tungsten/thorium, 183.84/232.04 amu respectively) on the upper region of the glass envelope (Figs. 2c and 2d). Convection currents cannot exist in such a low pressure and hence cannot be expected to carry the metal particles upward (Fig. 2b) in a valve filament placed in a vacuum. If such convection currents occur, the operation of the valve would be erratic due to the noise which is created by the bombardment of gas particles on ...
Context 4
... the thin electron cloud surrounding the filament too cannot provide a buoyancy effect for the metal atom to move upwards. The electric field (Fig. 2b) existing between the filament and the other electrodes (anode) being perpendicular to the filament axis, cannot drift metal particles (even if the particles are ionized) upwards. Hence the electric field is also not responsible for the observed ...
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Citations
... Downward heat evaporated iodine in a vacuum chamber has also shown similar upward movement against the direction of gravitational attraction (Piyadasa, 2011) in the absence of buoyancy and convection lift. In that experiment, it is observed that iodine was in independent/isolated cluster state (liquid and/or gaseous state) with a certain amount of latent heat. ...
The movement of liquid water droplets against the gravitational field has been shown. This was observed when
projecting condensed steam droplets downwards. The observations show that the droplets decelerated and turned around
at a point with their velocity becoming zero and begin moving upwards against the earth’s gravitational attraction.
Further to the above observation, condensed steam droplets kept in an inverted container were examined. Some of these
droplets showed upward drift while others drifted downward. The higher density of water droplets relative to
surrounding air doesn’t satisfy the condition for the buoyancy to be responsible for the upward movement. The
conditions required to create convection current were also not present at the region where droplets begin their upward
movement. Therefore, no adequate explanation of this droplet movement against gravity can be given with conventional
laws and hence a novel way of thinking is needed to explicate the behavior.
