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38 Theory X and Y Theory X-Theory X is based on the assumption that the average person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she can. Theory argues that employees are naturally unmotivated and this encourages an authoritarian style of management. Most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organizational objectives. The 'Theory X' manager believes that all actions should be traced and the responsible individual given a direct reward or a reprimand according to the action's outcomes. According to Douglas
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The first edition of "Organizational behavour I" is based on the assumption that managing people, structures and processes in organisations is a compelling and crucial set of tasks. It is really challenging to manage organisational behaviour in good as well as difficult economic times. Conventional approaches that worked a decade ago or even a few...
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