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Theoretical models applied in groups 1 and 2 relating EI to hits in RV experiments. Standardized effect parameters are shown with nonsignificant parameters highlighted in bold. Discontinuous lines indicate a mediation effect between the variables “Attitudes” and “RV hits.”
Source publication
Objectives
Since 1972, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) commissioned several research programs on remote viewing (RV) that were progressively declassified from 1995 to 2003. The main objectives of this research were to statistically replicate the original findings and address the question: What are the underlying cognitive mechanisms invo...
Citations
... The arrow that represents the intuitive process runs in three different directions, indicating that intuitive processes can take place in several phases. According to the Production-Identification-Comprehension (PIC) emotional model by Escola et al. [26], these include the following: 1. production: the generation of intuitive impressions; 2. identification: the recognition of emotional signals related to the target; and 3. comprehension: understanding and interpreting the signals to enhance outcomes. However, not much is commonly known about intuitive processes, making it easier to describe them by what they are not. ...
... • Precognition: the ability to know future events without sensory channels or logical inference, also categorized under ESP [26,31]; • Telepathy: the claimed transmission of thoughts or emotions between minds without known sensory channels, considered a form of ESP [31]; • Clairvoyance: the ability to obtain information about objects or events through means beyond the known senses, classified under ESP [26,31]; • Correlations Between Brains: Similarities in brain activity observed during shared tasks, studied using neuroimaging techniques like fMRI and EEG to explore brain interconnectedness in social contexts and ESP [26,31]. ...
... • Precognition: the ability to know future events without sensory channels or logical inference, also categorized under ESP [26,31]; • Telepathy: the claimed transmission of thoughts or emotions between minds without known sensory channels, considered a form of ESP [31]; • Clairvoyance: the ability to obtain information about objects or events through means beyond the known senses, classified under ESP [26,31]; • Correlations Between Brains: Similarities in brain activity observed during shared tasks, studied using neuroimaging techniques like fMRI and EEG to explore brain interconnectedness in social contexts and ESP [26,31]. ...
This review explores how intuitive processes drive innovation, which we define as novel ideas, inventions, or artistic creations that cannot be logically derived from existing knowledge or sensory data. Although intuitive processes are not yet fully recognized as a formal area of scientific research, this paper examines current approaches to their study and modeling. It highlights the necessity of integrating unconventional modeling methods with neuroscience to gain deeper insights into these processes. Key experimental studies investigating extrasensory abilities—such as remote viewing, precognition, and telepathy—are reviewed, emphasizing their potential relevance to innovation. We propose that combining these unconventional modeling approaches with insights from systems neurology can provide new perspectives on the neural mechanisms underpinning intuition and creativity. This review emphasizes the critical need for further research into intuitive processes to address complex global challenges. It calls for a more open, interdisciplinary approach to scientific inquiry, promoting the exploration of unconventional forms of knowledge generation and their neural correlates.
... Anomalous cognition defines a type of psychic phenomenon in which information travels in the space-time continuum in such a way that it is tracked by organisms or our brain without using any logical-sensory channel recognized by conventional science, allowing the individual to access information that would otherwise be impossible to decipher. These cognitions have been widely investigated with favorable results (e.g., Escolà-Gascón et al., 2023Tressoldi and Katz, 2023) and also with negative results (e.g., Escolà-Gascón, 2022b; Kekecs et al., 2023;Muhmenthaler et al., 2022). The greatest challenge presented by anomalous cognition is how to explain them within the framework of behavioral sciences, as there is no comprehensive theory that allows us to recognize the mechanisms that interfere with such cognition. ...
... This approach represents a significant stride in addressing the hard problem of consciousness and delineating the boundaries of its purview (see Bierman, 2010;Chalmers, 1995;Cooley and Tukey, 1965;Escolà-Gascón et al., 2023;Huang et al., 2022;Hyman, 1996Hyman, , 2010. If there were scientific evidence substantiating the prevalence of anomalous conscious experiences (as per the NPT), it would warrant the inclusion of anomalous cognition within the legitimate domain of study in the behavioral sciences. ...
Background: Imagine if our brains could unconsciously predict future events. This study explores this concept, presenting evidence for an inherent 'foreseeing' ability, termed anomalous cognition (AC). We introduce a new experimentally verifiable approach to explain anomalous information anticipation (AIA), a type of AC, based on an innovative, quantum-like model of implicit learning, grounded in Nonlocal Plasticity Theory (NPT).
Methods: Our research involved 203 participants using methods such as continuous flash suppression, random dot motion, and advanced 3D EEG neuroimaging, along with IBM quantum random event generators for precise measurements across 144 trials. These trials tested contingencies between undetectable sensory stimuli and dot movements, focusing on participants' prediction abilities. The design conditions were strictly experimental, violating fundamental classical learning principles, particularly reflex conditioning. If these principles were immutable, their violation would prevent any systematic behavioral changes, resulting in random responses. This violation was implemented through two quantum physics concepts: the mathematical principle of nonlocality and entanglement.
Results: Despite the sensory stimulus being inaccessible, our results showed a significant prediction between the contingencies and an increase in AIA accuracy, with explained variances between 25 % and 48 %. EEG findings supported this, showing a positive link between brain activity in specific regions and AIA success. Electrochemical activations were detected in the posterior occipital cortex, the intraparietal sulcus, and the medial temporal gyri. AIA hits exceeded the threshold value corresponding to one standard deviation above the expected mean, showing moderate effect sizes in the experimental group (Cohen’s d = 0.461). Analyzing the learning curve using the derivation technique, we identified the acceleration point of the wave function, indicating systematic implicit learning. This result showed that from repetition 63 onwards, AIA hits increased significantly.
Conclusions: The results suggest that, despite violating fundamental classical learning principles, cognitive processes produced changes in participants' responses susceptible to neuromodulation, considering quantum physics principles of nonlocality and entanglement (both present in NPT). We discuss (a) why the priming effect does not explain the significant results; (b) the potential discovery of a new form of quantum-like implicit learning, which could scientifically resolve phenomena associated with anomalous cognitions (e.g., AIA); and (c) future research directions, including potential applications and clinical impact.
... It is important to note that the study of achieving transcendental states in both domestic and Western sciences originated from the East and primarily involves tapping into the body's internal reserves [9; 17; 20]. Such states are achieved primarily through self-analysis, which can be conducted during meditation, organizing one's life within clear and daily rituals, using ecstatic practices, and other actions that positively influence self-awareness One unique state inherent to small groups of people is remote viewing, an interest in which is demonstrated in a study by the CIA [9]. This state can hypothetically be "transferred" from one person to another. ...
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the increase in stressful situations due to the accelerating pace of life, environmental pollution, urbanization, technological progress, and low socioeconomic living standards of the population, underpins the rise in neurological diseases. Consequently, one of the crucial tasks in practical psychology and applied psychophysiology is the timely and comprehensive diagnosis and correction of borderline forms of psychological disorders. This study examines the application of stress diagnosis and correction methodologies. The foundation is the wave model of brain electrical activity, observed using electroencephalography, based on an algorithm developed during the experiment. The key hypothesis of the study suggests that by following the developed self-organization system, based on 2 Advanced Scientific Research Projects performing simple actions, individuals with disrupted brain electrical activity due to various stressors can avoid pharmacological interventions. It has been shown that the consequences of stress primarily include increased tension in the central nervous system (sympathetic component) and insufficient relaxation (parasympathetic component). During the exacerbation of chronic diseases, the following effects were observed in subjects: poor sleep in patients with gastritis, drowsiness and headaches in individuals with allergies, chronic migraines, and neurological pains in the head on the left side along the trigeminal nerve, meteorological dependence in hypertensive patients, and jaw locking and right-side pain in those with traumatic brain injuries. Correction of these disorders took into account their stress-induced nature. A method for rehabilitating emotional-affective disorders in individuals is proposed to overcome stressful situations. The obtained data suggest that the proposed method of restorative alpha rhythm through neurotraining has high potential in therapeutic work for overcoming and correcting stress in people from various social groups, ages, and professions.
... In a critique of a meta-analysis in favor of parapsychology by Storm (2010), Hyman argued that "parapsychology will achieve scientific acceptability only when it provides a positive theory with evidence based on independently replicable evidence" (2010). In some cases, such as remote viewing, there is already replication, but theory is still exploratory and narrow (Escolà-Gascón, 2023). Without broader theory that is also directly tied to data, it's unclear if and how parapsychology studies relate to near-death experiences, or whether the content of any particular experience is likely "real" from a scientific standpoint. ...
Background:
Relative to other transpersonal topics, near-death experiences have received much attention in research. However, previous research still provides a limited picture on cross-cultural similarities and differences. Different researchers suggest conflicting views on NDEs, such as that cultural expectations explain the spiritual aspects of NDEs, that culturally independent physical causes explain them, or that they arise from a genuine nonphysical reality. A systematic understanding of cultural differences among NDEs can improve theoretical explanations of NDEs. This paper reviews previous research and examples of culturally situated NDEs to understand their implications on theory.
Methods:
The inclusion criteria were empirical research which focused on NDEs within a specific cultural boundary of location, religion, or language. Research was identified by reviewing all papers which cited Belanti (2008) and querying for “culture NDEs.” Content-based NDE features were listed for each paper and then features were grouped for theoretical analysis.
Results:
24 papers were identified, and features were analyzed for 20 papers. Features were grouped into 52 characteristics, and most characteristics included NDEs within two or more cultures. A theory was proposed which could explain the differences and similarities across cultures.
Conclusion
Strategies for improving analysis of NDEs are proposed for the purpose of informing metaphysical theory. These same strategies could prove useful for culturally informed theory on other anomalous experiences and parapsychology.
... 17,18 Likewise, qualitative variables were included in the matrix to segregate the total sample into new subsamples. These indicators and their rationale are explained in the original report by Escolà-Gascón et al. 1 Fig. 1 groups the distributions and densities of the variables for the group of participants who performed the remote viewing tasks with coordinate-based targets. Fig. 2 gives the distributions and densities for the participants who performed the remote viewing tasks with target-based targets. ...
... This datapoint is crucial, although it was not included in the original report for practical reasons. 1 When calculating an effect size following Cohen's rule (which is still the standardized difference between two means), the observed standard deviations are usually used. 16 If we had followed Cohen's rule we would have obtained effect sizes that were completely inflated in favor of the alternative hypothesis that the hits exceed chance-expectations. ...
This report describes and presents the raw data from Escolà-Gascón et al.’s1 remote viewing study, which extended similar experiments initiated by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Remote viewing is a research technique that allows scientists to examine the degree to which individuals might access “distant (or nonlocal) information” without using known logical-perceptual channels. Many parapsychologists regard such effects as evidence of psychic (or psi) ability, whereas other researchers more cautiously designate beyond-chance results as “anomalous cognition.” The original research commissioned by the CIA provided favorable (though highly controversial) results, and several subsequent replications have shown positive and non-significant results. This has fostered heated scientific debate about the nature or meaning of these anomalous cognitions from theoretical, methodological, and statistical viewpoints. This report contextualizes the data obtained from our investigation that conceptually replicated the results of prior remote viewing experiments. Specifically, the authors found a positive association between emotional intelligence (EI) and positive performance (or “hits”) in remote viewing cognitive experiments, employing statistical controls based on structural equation modeling (SEM). We thus clarify certain methodological issues about our data to ensure transparency with their future use. We focus on three essential points: (1) more detailed explanation of our EI measures; (2) justification of our effect size calculation and why we obtained underestimated standard deviations per the population parameter; and (3) further consideration of the nuances with interpreting the statistical anomalies (or hits) in the remote viewing tests.
The methodology for diagnosing and managing stress developed by Grivtsova, as an independent method and as part of the preparation for inducing lucid dreams within the framework of the "Bancheko Extended Algorithm," and its application in the "Global Forecasting System," serves as a means of transferring transcendental states of consciousness within the "Bancheko-Technology Set" Citation: Denis Yurievich Banchenko. The methodology for diagnosing and managing stress developed by Grivtsova, as an independent method and as part of the preparation for inducing lucid dreams within the framework of the "Bancheko Extended Algorithm," and its application in the "Global Forecasting System," serves as a means of transferring transcendental states of consciousness within the "Bancheko-Technology Set". AJMCRR 2024; 3(9): 1-11. Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the increase in stressful situations due to the accelerating pace of life, environmental pollution, urbanization, technological progress, and low socioeconomic living standards of the population, underpins the rise in neurological diseases. Consequently, one of the crucial tasks in practical psychology and applied psychophysiology is the timely and comprehensive diagnosis and correction of borderline forms of psychological disorders. This study examines the application of stress diagnosis and correction methodologies. The foundation is the wave model of brain electrical activity, observed using electroencephalography, based on an algorithm developed during the experiment. The key hypothesis of the study suggests that by following the developed self-organization system, based on performing simple actions, individuals with disrupted brain electrical activity due to various stressors can avoid pharmacological interventions. It has been shown that the consequences of stress primarily include increased tension in the central nervous system (sympathetic component) and insufficient relaxation (parasympathetic component). During the exacerbation of chronic diseases, the following effects were observed in subjects: poor sleep in patients with gastritis, drowsiness and headaches in individuals with allergies, chronic mi-AJMCRR, 2024 Volume 3 | Issue 9 | 1 of 15 graines, and neurological pains in the head on the left side along the trigeminal nerve, meteorological dependence in hypertensive patients, and jaw locking and right-side pain in those with traumatic brain injuries. Correction of these disorders took into account their stress-induced nature. A method for rehabilitating emotional-affective disorders in individuals is proposed to overcome stressful situations. The obtained data suggest that the proposed method of restorative alpha rhythm through neurotraining has high potential in therapeutic work for overcoming and correcting stress in people from various social groups, ages, and professions.
