Table 2 - uploaded by Hiram Ting
Content may be subject to copyright.
Themes of Behavioral and Normative Beliefs 

Themes of Behavioral and Normative Beliefs 

Source publication
Article
Full-text available
Given the rapid technological advancement, social media and communication devices continue to grow exponentially. Hence, social networking has become a major communication method in contemporary society. As a mobile application, Instagram has been widely used for personal reasons as well as business activities. Due to the lack of literature in unde...

Similar publications

Article
Full-text available
In the era of globalization, competitive pressure has forced the higher education sector to look for more competitive marketing strategies. Therefore, it is essential that higher learning institutions understand the needs and expectations of parents because they are the decision influencers for their children education. The purpose of the research...

Citations

... Entre estos estudios, se abordan temas como el uso de las redes sociales, su impacto entre los adolescentes y su percepción sobre la influencia que ejercen en los niños y los jóvenes (Lozano-Blasco et al., 2023), así como en la salud mental (Del Barrio Fernández & Fernández, 2014;Moreira de Freitas et al., 2021). También se han analizado las motivaciones sociales y psicológicas asociadas con el uso de plataformas como Facebook e Instagram (Lee et al., 2015;Prades y Carbonell, 2016;Ting et al., 2015), la utilización de Twitch y YouTube (Miguélez et al., 2022) y las razones para conectarse Instagram e indagando aspectos relativos a la frecuencia y duración en su uso, así como los perfiles más seguidos (Goirizelaia et al., 2021). ...
Article
Full-text available
Desde los años 90, las redes sociales han experimentado una notable evolución, convirtiéndose en marcos relacionales, fuentes de información y entornos de entretenimiento para sus usuarios. En este desarrollo han sabido adaptarse a los gustos y demandas sociales y, paralelamente, generar nuevas necesidades. Plataformas como Facebook, Instagram, TikTok y Twitch han transformado con el tiempo los usos que de ellas hacen sus seguidores y moldeado el perfil de aquellos. En este cambiante panorama, la juventud vasco-navarra percibe Facebook como una red “obsoleta”, Instagram impera entre los adultos jóvenes y TikTok incrementa cada vez más su popularidad. Este estudio, basado en una encuesta realizada a 4.000 jóvenes de entre 11 y 23 años de las comunidades autónomas Vasca y Navarra, examina en profundidad el uso, las preferencias y las percepciones que éstos tienen sobre las distintas redes sociales, haciendo especial hincapié en TikTok.
... According to Statista (2022), Instagram is the most used social media which ranks fourth out of eighteen platforms in the world. In addition, according to Ting et al. (2015), Instagram is a mobile-based application that allows users to take photos or pictures, apply different manipulation tools to change the look of the image and share it directly with friends on various social networking sites. Su (2018), informs that monthly there are 700 million Instagram users in the world. ...
Article
People’s ability to communicate with another person through a combination of verbal and non-verbal means is called language. This study recognizes the use of language in code-mixing in societies of social media. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the types of code-mixing that are used by bilingual influencers. The researcher adopted a qualitative approach using an observation schedule and sheet. The result showed there is the domination of one type of code-mixing that is used in the Instagram captions of the participant. According to Suwito (1983), there are four kinds of forms of code-mixing. The four types of code-mixing are word insertion, phrase insertion, hybrid, and repetition. Phrase insertion became the most frequent type of codemixing that occurred in Instagram captions of those three influencers reaching 33.3%.
... In this respect, experiences of wellbeing in the context of the social media have been revealed (Liu et al., 2016), taking into consideration that users go to these media to satisfy their psychological and social needs (needs that are cognitive, emotional, personal, related to social integration, etc.) (Lee et al., 2015;Ting et al., 2015). In short, the benefits of consuming subject matter linked to wellness, wellbeing and a good life on the social media have been brought to light, especially during periods when people's physical and mental health is suffering, such as during the Covid-19 pandemic (Biondi et al., 2022). ...
Article
Purpose The aim of this paper is to (1) identify textual and visual themes and sub-themes associated with the #wellbeing hashtag on Instagram, (2) assess their varying levels of engagement and (3) investigate gender bias present in the analysed visual narratives. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a range of big data analysis techniques to investigate various dimensions of wellbeing on Instagram. Initially, a sample of 9,844 posts was processed using data mining and text analysis methods to identify and categorise significant hashtags, which facilitated the classification of posts into thematic clusters through hierarchical clustering. Engagement was then assessed using non-parametric statistical tests. Additionally, computer vision models were used to analyse and classify visual narratives, grouping images into communities based on visual similarities. Finally, gender representation in the images was examined using object detection models. Findings The study reveals that the discourse around #wellbeing on Instagram is predominantly feminised and focuses primarily on mental, psychological and spiritual aspects. Therapeutic and positive psychology narratives are the most prevalent and engaging, while physical activity and nutrition play a relatively secondary role. Two major macro-narratives emerge: firstly, mental health and emotional wellbeing, often featuring hashtags related to therapy, self-discovery, spirituality and motivational quotes; secondly, though less prominently, themes and visual narratives concerning physical activity and healthy habits, emphasising exercise and nutrition. Originality/value The study identifies, for the first time in the academic literature, key themes and sub-themes in the textual and visual narratives on wellness on the social media (Instagram), offering evidence for its feminisation. These findings contribute to the academic discussion on the implications of the notion of wellbeing on Instagram in relation to “therapy culture”. This idea can be applied to other social media, as well as to other areas, such as working life, where diverse individualities and groups also coexist.
... A strong correlation (Pearson coefficient 0.7 serta momen seumur hidup melalui foto secara real time (E. Lee et al., 2015). Beberapa fitur canggih Instagram seperti editing foto, filter, caption, hashtag, share dan lainnya menjadikan tayangan konten informasi menjadi lebih menarik (Ting et al., 2015) social media and communication devices continue to grow exponentially. Hence, social networking has become a major communication method in contemporary society. ...
Article
The existence of public relations of pesantren has an important role in maintaining and increasing public trust through various communication activities. Instagram is a digital platform that is widely used by pesantren to disseminate information and as a medium of communication with their public. This research measures the effectiveness of Instagram as an information medium for Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor through a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method referring to the 4C theory with 4 measurement indicators, namely context, communication, collaboration connection. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 400 samples as respondents from 156,631 followers @pondok.modern.gontor as the research population. Data analysis uses the frequency distribution formula and Likert Summated Rating. The results of the research show that the use of Instagram as an information medium for Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor is considered very effective as indicated by a score of 20,312 in the range >Q3 to A. Theoretically, this research provides implications in the development of the 4C theory, and also contributes practically to the use of Instagram as a organizational information media, especially for pesantren. Keywords : Instagram, Information Media, Pesantren
... It gives companies a great chance to interact with their clients, promote their brands, and increase sales [31]. Instagram is one of the more recent social media platforms that enables users to share photos and videos with their friends and talk about the things they like [32]. Instagram has the power to sway users' beliefs, trends, and views about product marketing [33]. ...
Chapter
Full-text available
The development of the business environment and the large number of challenges and competition have strengthened business organizations adopting various means and tools that activate their business in the markets, including promotion and marketing based on social digital media platforms, due to their great impact on customers’ purchasing behavior. Accordingly, the current study came to demonstrate the impact of digital media platforms on customer interaction. To investigate this relationship, the analytical descriptive approach was adopt by reviewing the secondary and primary sources by distributing a questionnaire to the outlets of the clothing and fashion sector in northern Jordan. Four hundred electronic questionnaires were adopt for the purposes of analysis using the statistical package for social sciences. The results of the study showed their agreement with the previous study that dealt with the subject of the study, that digital media platforms positively affect customer interaction so that they enhance and encourage their purchasing behavior through the advertisements available through these platforms. Accordingly, the study recommends the decision-makers in this sector to intensify digital marketing campaigns through these platforms because of their significant impact in enhancing the movement of sales and purchases, which reflects positively on the activity of clothing and fashion organizations. In addition, to the need to intensify the fast videos with ads through the reels feature. The value is high for stakeholders in the service sector by employing the results and recommendations of this study in the field of marketing.
... In harmony with (Ting et al. 2015) Generally speaking, Instagram is a cutting-edge social networking site for sharing photos. Essentially, Instagram is a mobile-based program that enables users to snap photos or pictures, use the numerous alteration tools to modify the appearance of images, and share them quickly with friends on different social networking sites (Hochman and Schwartz 2012). ...
Article
: Some students said they like learning English but they have difficulty in expressing their ability due to lack of ability to speak and the learning techniques used are still difficult to apply to this phenomenon. Using technology is a solution to answer difficulties in learning English during the global pandemic era. One of the technologies that can help in learning English is Instagram. Many influencers or so-called influencers who use. Instagram as a medium to learn to teach English, one of which is @aarons.english. the owner of this account has the real name Aaron O'Brien, he is a native speaker from Australia who was born in Melbourne.Instagram is a social media application that can help students learn to improve their English. This study seeks to analysis students' perception of the use of Instagram. A descriptive qualitative method, this study aims to determine the results and perceptions of students about learning English through Instagram. Ten students were selected from six hundred and fourty nine thousand of followers on the @aarons.english account. The writer conducted observations and interviews to collect data. Observation is used to observe participants to obtain information data. Meanwhile, interviews were used to find out student answers about their perceptions of the @aarons.english Instagram account as a language learning medium. The results of this study also indicate that students have a good perception of using Instagram to learn languages and they prefer to use Instagram because the videos and photos posted on the @aarons.english Instagram account are easy to understand and fun. @aarons.english makes students feel easier and more comfortable to use English, especially in speaking. This indicates that the Instagram account @aarons.english facilitates students to add and improve their English Students’.
... When taking into account geographical preferences, Twitter seems to be more popular among Americans. However, recent studies have noted a rising interest in Instagram among different generations (e.g., [2][3][4]). ...
Article
Full-text available
Does social media alleviate or exacerbate loneliness? Past research has shown mixed results regarding the relationship between social media usage and loneliness among younger and older adults. Unlike younger individuals, older adults may decrease their loneliness through social media interactions. Additionally, previous research has indicated that the link between social media use and loneliness can vary depending on one’s shy tendency. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between individuals’ social media use and loneliness while considering age and shyness tendency as moderating variables. The study employed a questionnaire survey conducted through convenience sampling, resulting in 234 valid responses from participants in Northern Taiwan. Among them, 113 were college students (aged 18 to 25, average age 19.40), and 121 were older adults (aged 50 to 82, average age 60.81). Using hierarchical regression analysis, results indicated that (1) age moderates the relationship between personal social media use and loneliness. Minimal differences were observed among younger individuals, but among older adults, increased social media usage time was associated with a significant reduction in loneliness. (2) Shyness tendency moderate the relationship between personal social media use and loneliness. Individuals with higher shyness tendency experience an increase in loneliness as their social media usage time lengthens.
... Self-promotion or engagement in the social community are the potential underlying motives for sharing media on the Instagram platform (Sheldon & Bryant, 2016). Doing business on Instagram is another motivation for its users since Instagram has become an important marketing and communication tool for introducing products through their identifying images (Ting et al., 2015). ...
... Additionally, apart from personal use, people utilise Instagram for business purposes. In other words, Instagram has become an effective marketing and communication tool for showcasing products alongside their corresponding visuals (Ting et al., 2015). ...
... Young Kyrgyz individuals additionally found the use of Instagram entertaining, which aligns with the study by Ting et al. (2015), which proposed entertainment as a behavioural belief about Instagram. That is, individuals in the study indicated that they have fun taking photos and browsing information in the Instagram environment; hence, they prefer spending their free time on Instagram. ...
Article
This study investigated the motivational factors that impact Instagram use among young Kyrgyz individuals. The theoretical framework was based on the uses and gratifications theory (UGT). In this respect, the study considered a target group actively using the Internet and social media applications. The study sample covers 515 Kyrgyz individuals between 14 and 23. Data from the sample were collected through a questionnaire based on the UGT. The study adopted a quantitative approach; hence, statistical approaches such as factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and correlation analysis were employed for the data analysis. According to the study results, three factors are related to Instagram use among young Kyrgyz individuals. These three factors were surveillance/knowledge about others, documentation and self-expression. The study’s results additionally demonstrated that demographic characteristics (age, gender, status of individuals, time spent on Instagram) have a different impact on individuals’ Instagram use. While gender affected only the documentation factor, time spent on Instagram was significant in all three factors: surveillance/knowledge about others, documentation and self-expression.
... The true rise of social networks began in 2003 and 2004 with the launch of LinkedIn, focused on professional networking, and Facebook, which quickly became a global platform for social interaction (Van Dijck, 2013). Following Facebook's success, other networks emerged, such as Twitter in 2006, introducing short messages (Weller et al., 2014), and Instagram in 2010, focused on photo sharing (Ting et al., 2015). With the development of smartphones, social networks adapted to the mobile environment, with apps like Snapchat and TikTok enabling the creation and sharing of short videos (Mittmann et al., 2022). ...
Article
Full-text available
Social competencies of students are crucial for successful studying and further academic careers, as they encompass communication, teamwork, and collaboration skills. Social networks offer opportunities for interaction and the exchange of ideas with peers and mentors. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between social networks and social competencies to better understand the opportunities and challenges faced by students. The primary aim of this research is to examine students’ perceptions of the impact of social networks on the development of their social competencies. A descriptive research method was employed, and data were collected using a specially designed assessment scale. The research sample is purposive, comprising students from the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš (N=314). The results indicate that students are generally ambivalent about the influence of social networks on their social development, suggesting the need for a deeper understanding of this relationship. Students primarily perceive social networks as communication channels used for maintaining contact and exchanging information. Additionally, students view social networks as potential platforms for collaboration with peers, as well as friends and other community members.
... According to (Hu et al., n.d.), Instagram is a social networking programme that is used by over one billion people worldwide to post images, videos, and messages. According to reports, teenagers as young as twelve have at least one social networking account (Endres, 2013in Ting H et al., 2015. Instagram allows users to shoot images, apply filters to them, and share them with followers who can "like" and comment on them (Kim & Jung in Casaló et al., 2021) teens use Instagram to celebrate big milestones, share everyday moments, stay in touch with friends and family, build support communities, and meet others who share their passions and interests, whether through Stories, Feed, Live, IGTV (an Instagram app that allows users to share longer videos), or Direct. ...
Article
Full-text available
Hate speech is a behavior, word, writing, or act that is prohibited because it can trigger acts of prejudice and violence on a victim, perpetrator of violence, or the statement. This research aims to investigate the types of hate speech and find out the meaning of these types of hate speech. This research takes data from Instagram and comments on @lucas_xx444. As a former member of NCT and WayV, the data was analyzed using qualitative methods. A multifaceted approach to comprehensively understanding and addressing hate speech, recognizing its social deviance, and advocating for collective efforts to create environments that prioritize respect, equality, and unity. The results of the research found six types of hate speech in the comments column: provoking, inciting, insulting, blasphemy, defamation, and spreading hoaxes.