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The world’s 20 largest announced giga-scale green hydrogen projects. HyDeal Ambition (67 GW)—Western Europe (1); Unnamed (30 GW)—Kazakhstan (2); Western Green Energy Hub (28 GW)—Australia (3); AMAN (16 GW)a–Mauritania (4); Asian Renewable Energy Hub (14 GW)—Australia (5); Oman Green Energy Hub (14 GW)a–Oman (6); AquaVentus (10 GW)—Germany (7); NortH2 (10 GW)—Netherlands (8); H2 Magallanes (8 GW)—Chile (9); Beijing Jingneng (5 GW)—China (10); Project Nour (5 GW)a–Mauritania (11); HyEnergy Zero Carbon Hydrogen (4 GW)a–Australia (12); Pacific solar Hydrogen (3.6 GW)—Australia (13); Green Marlin (3.2 GW)—Ireland (14); H2-Hub Gladstone (3 GW)—Australia (15); Moolawatana Renewable Hydrogen Project (3 GW)a–Australia (16); Murchison Renewable Hydrogen Project (3 GW)—Australia (17); Unnamed (3 GW)—Namibia (18); Base One (2 GW)a–Brazil (19); Helios green Fuels Project (2 GW)—Saudi Arabia (20) (IRENA, 2022).
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As result of the adverse effects caused by climate change, the nations have decided to accelerate the transition of the energy matrix through the use of non-conventional sources free of polluting emissions. One of these alternatives is green hydrogen. In this context, Chile stands out for the exceptional climate that makes it a country with a lot o...
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A rapid global energy transition, including the ramping up of electricity generation from renewables, is needed to limit global warming to 2 °C or 1.5 °C. However, renewable resource endowments vary widely between regions, and renewable electricity is currently mainly used locally. Here we use a global integrated assessment model to explore the imp...
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... With the combination of natural resources (minerals and renewable energy drivers), the Macrozona Norte is a "natural laboratory" (Aguilera 2018) that, if oriented appropriately, can provide a unique opportunity for place-based innovation to develop, test, and deploy clean technologies for the mining industry. Further, the region's abundant renewable energy co-located with its proximity to the ocean makes it an ideal location to explore emerging industries, such as green hydrogen production (Acosta et al. 2022), and develop industries that add value to the mined products (e.g., battery cathodes). As a result, Chile can leverage this natural laboratory to become the foundation for a potent, worldleading Chilean National Laboratory that focuses on the science and technology for mineral resource extraction and processing, renewable energy generation and use (including solar fuels), and associated activities such as innovation and entrepreneurship. ...
Latin America has abundant natural resources, giving the region an advantage in extractive industries and agriculture. However, this reliance on commodities exports and traditional economic sectors poses challenges to diversification, value-added growth, and environmental sustainability. In response to these challenges, Chile called in an international bid to establish a Clean Technology Institute to enhance valueadded and advanced clean technologies in extractives and lithium, taking advantage of the abundant solar radiation. This paper examines the governance challenges in Chile, which are similar in other countries, in embracing the opportunities of clean technologies and transitioning towards a greener and more innovative economy. The study focuses on Chile’s Clean Technology Institute, exploring its role in enhancing the value of natural resources, fostering economic growth, creating jobs, and contributing to global energy security. The research highlights the critical role that a national lab can play in a country’s research and development ecosystem. It emphasizes the need for a planned and mission-oriented approach with clear targets and milestones and objective management supporting the country’s long-term goals. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of integrating workforce development, investment in research and development, and enhancing institutions to create an innovation-friendly environment. The paper concludes on the importance of transparent and accountable governance practices for the success of a country’s innovation agenda. By leveraging its natural resources and fostering a culture of innovation, Chile and other Latin American countries can become global leaders in clean technologies, driving sustainable development and contributing positively to the world economy.
... Some argue that the availability of solar and wind power at much lower prices than in Europe, in combination with a long coastline that allows for large-scale desalination, makes South Africa a likely frontrunner in the emerging global green hydrogen industry (Bischof-Niemz & Creamer, 2022). Similar arguments have been advanced with regard to Chile (Acosta et al.,2022;Collis & Schomäcker, 2022). ...
Green hydrogen may play a major role in the global energy transition. It moreover offers prospects for industrial development in Southern nations that benefit from natural conditions favourable for the required energy inputs from solar and wind power. Yet, green hydrogen projects need to be de-risked to overcome industry-specific uncertainties and challenges from which the Global South suffers. Focussing on South Africa and Chile, the working paper discusses corresponding policies and assesses the potential for latecomer industrialisation through production linkages. It is shown that costly means of de-risking have, so far, been largely avoided by the two countries, which is particularly sensible because the future development effects of green hydrogen projects remain unclear. Whilst it remains to be seen whether South Africa and Chile will suffer from the pitfalls of de-risking strategies, the authors nevertheless warn against being overly optimistic with regard to the prospects for latecomer industrialisation through participation in global value chains of green hydrogen.
... The description of the spatio-temporal distribution, composition, and diversity of the mesozooplankton from the Magellan zone becomes relevant because of the current and future installation of salmon farms and green hydrogen production in the area, that would have effects on the ecosystem, because of the increment of nutrients in the water column (Quiñones et al., 2019), and the obtention of water for desalination plants associated to the production of H 2 through the electrolysis process (Acosta et al., 2022). This anthropogenic forcing will lead to potential future changes in the mesozooplankton diversity in the seascape of the Magellan zone. ...
... Other available alternatives are geothermal energy [19,20] and green hydrogen. The latter one stands out as an alternative fuel given that its combustion does not generate pollutants and can be used to power vehicles with electric motors [43,44]. On the other hand, some countries have the potential to implement infrastructure to take advantage of offshore wind energy, especially countries with large stretches of coastline, such as Colombia [45], Chile [23] and Brazil [9]. ...
... In this field, Chile stands out for its superior levels of hydrogen production, which is currently used in industries such as the creation of green ammonia (NH 3 ), rail transport and biofuels for automobiles, and even the export of this element abroad. With an estimated cost of 1.5 USD/kg of H 2 , Chile is among the nations with the lowest hydrogen production costs, which makes it one of the cheapest producers of green hydrogen worldwide [43]. ...
Nowadays, the increase in global energy demand is notorious, a situation that, in turn, impacts the environment through the generation of pollutants that are harmful to the planet. In this sense, an energy transition towards clean energy sources, also known as renewable sources, is essential, as well as better energy management and a responsible use of available natural resources. In this context, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze the use of renewable energy sources in Latin America, in addition to the guidelines established for their use, and the consequences of the use of non-renewable sources. Therefore, the PRISMA method was applied, and 60 publications were selected, from which the existing interest in this region in combatting the increase in energy demand and the use of fossil fuels through renewable energies is evidenced. Finally, it is concluded that there is still a need for greater dissemination in the region regarding this problem, as well as greater actions on the part of industries and governments to make proper use of this type of energy source.
... In addition, the country is also aiming to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, especially in the mining and transportation sectors. In addition to its abundant renewable energy sources, Chile is well positioned to development a green hydrogen industry, including its advantages for accessing export markets, including those in Asia and Europe [15,16], and its strategic location as a hub for energy trade between the Americas and the Pacific [10]. In 2020, the Chilean Government released the national GH strategy, which is a long-term plan to establish a competitive hydrogen industry based on renewable resources, with the goal of becoming the world's most cost-effective GH producer by 2030, together with positioning Chile as one of the leading exporters of hydrogen by 2040 [13]. ...
... The strategy entails a three-stage plan to accelerate the deployment of GH-based technologies in multiple economic sectors and critical applications within the country [17]. The first stage of the strategy focuses on tapping the domestic market and proposes the implementation of GH in six primary applications: (i) refineries, (ii) ammonia, (iii) mining haul trucks, (iv) long-range buses, (v) heavy-duty In addition to its abundant renewable energy sources, Chile is well positioned to development a green hydrogen industry, including its advantages for accessing export markets, including those in Asia and Europe [15,16], and its strategic location as a hub for energy trade between the Americas and the Pacific [10]. In 2020, the Chilean Government released the national GH strategy, which is a long-term plan to establish a competitive hydrogen industry based on renewable resources, with the goal of becoming the world's most cost-effective GH producer by 2030, together with positioning Chile as one of the leading exporters of hydrogen by 2040 [13]. ...
Green hydrogen is gaining increasing attention as a key component of the global energy transition towards a more sustainable industry. Chile, with its vast renewable energy potential, is well positioned to become a major producer and exporter of green hydrogen. In this context, this paper explores the prospects for green hydrogen production and use in Chile. The perspectives presented in this study are primarily based on a compilation of government reports and data from the scientific literature, which primarily offer a theoretical perspective on the efficiency and cost of hydrogen production. To address the need for experimental data, an ongoing experimental project was initiated in March 2023. This project aims to assess the efficiency of hydrogen production and consumption in the Atacama Desert through the deployment of a mobile on-site laboratory for hydrogen generation. The facility is mainly composed by solar panels, electrolyzers, fuel cells, and a battery bank, and it moves through the Atacama Desert in Chile at different altitudes, from the sea level, to measure the efficiency of hydrogen generation through the energy approach. The challenges and opportunities in Chile for developing a robust green hydrogen economy are also analyzed. According to the results, Chile has remarkable renewable energy resources, particularly in solar and wind power, that could be harnessed to produce green hydrogen. Chile has also established a supportive policy framework that promotes the development of renewable energy and the adoption of green hydrogen technologies. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as the high capital costs of green hydrogen production and the need for supportive infrastructure. Despite these challenges, we argue that Chile has the potential to become a leading producer and exporter of green hydrogen or derivatives such as ammonia or methanol. The country’s strategic location, political stability, and strong commitment to renewable energy provide a favorable environment for the development of a green hydrogen industry. The growing demand for clean energy and the increasing interest in decarbonization present significant opportunities for Chile to capitalize on its renewable energy resources and become a major player in the global green hydrogen market.
El hidrógeno verde (HV) se presenta como una clave alternativa para reducir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) y diversificar la matriz energética en el transporte urbano de Latinoamérica (LATAM). Sin embargo, su viabilidad depende de factores económicos e infraestructura que deben evaluarse para impulsar su adopción. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las implicancias ambientales y económicas de la producción de HV como combustible para el transporte urbano en LATAM, con énfasis en la reducción de GEI. Se aplicó un enfoque documental, mediante revisión sistemática de literatura científica, informes técnicos y datos económicos de países latinoamericanos. La información se recopiló en bases de datos como Scopus, ScienceDirect y Web of Science, aplicando criterios de inclusión relacionados con producción de HV e impactos en el transporte urbano. Los resultados muestran que países como Brasil, Chile, México y Ecuador proyectan reducciones significativas de GEI hacia 2030, con estimaciones de hasta 147,52 MtCO₂eq por año. Los costos actuales de producción oscilan entre 4,5 y 6,5 USD/kg, con proyecciones de reducción a 1,5 USD/kg para 2030 y hasta 0,84 USD/kg para 2050. Además, se identifican beneficios sociales relacionados con la generación de empleo, la descentralización energética y la formación técnica local, así como barreras estructurales como la infraestructura limitada, los altos costos iniciales y la falta de incentivos adecuados. Se concluye que el HV representa una oportunidad estratégica para descarbonizar el transporte urbano en LATAM. Sin embargo, su implementación dependerá del fortalecimiento de la infraestructura, regulaciones adecuadas y cooperación internacional.
