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The weekly pattern showed the highest map tap numbers per hour (dark blue cells) mainly in the afternoon and evening hours of the weekend (Thursday to Sunday).
Source publication
While map apps on smartphones are abundant, their everyday usage is still an open empirical research question. With tappigraphy – the quantification of smartphone touchscreen interactions – we aimed to capture continuous data stream of behavioural human-map app usage patterns. The current study introduces a first tappigraphy analysis of the distrib...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... our analysis to a whole week, we can observe a weekly use pattern (Figure 4). The aggregated number of map taps showed a clear day-night pattern over the week with noticeable peaks around midday and in the early evening. ...
Context 2
... pattern appeared very uniform, and weekdays and weekend days did not substantially differ in the number of map taps. Looking more closely at the aggregated numbers of map taps over the course of a week, we can detect the highest numbers of map taps occurring on Thursday evening; Friday afternoon, and early evening; Saturday around noon; and on Sunday afternoon (Figure 4). On Saturday, the number of map taps was again lower and more in the range of the Monday to Wednesday pattern. ...
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Citations
... The MapRecorder application can be installed on a smartphone and then records when a mapping application is used (Savino et al., 2021). Tappigraphy is a technique that records all taps on a smartphone and can be used to analyse mapping applications (Reichenbacher et al., 2022). These two propositions provide precious insights but do not record the details of the use, and we cannot answer our questions by using only these tools. ...
... Future research could be oriented to scale up the proposed empirical methods initially developed under the controlled lab paradigm in behavioural science (e.g., using mET, mEEG, mEMG, mGSR, etc.) to a new mobile, crowdsourced, human sensor science in the real world, capitalising on own well-established geospatial visual analytics approaches, including emerging geospatial artificial intelligence experiences, coupled with GIS. For this, we have started to collect users' smartphone tapping behaviours coupled with GPS fixes, ambient light, and accelerometer data fully remotely and in the wild, without any contact with the tracked users, except for their initial agreement of informed consent (Reichenbacher et al. 2022). In doing so, it is especially critical to consider not only ethical research methods and careful human participants' research reviews but also privacy concerns of users, and their collected data, which have yet to be fully addressed by this research community. ...
Well-designed, neuroadaptive mobile geographic information displays (namGIDs) could improve the lives of millions of mobile citizens of the mostly urban information society who daily need to make time critical and societally relevant decisions while navigating. What are the basic perceptual and neurocognitive processes with which individuals make movement decisions when guided by human- and context-adaptive namGIDs? How can we study this in an ecologically valid way, also outside of the highly controlled laboratory? We report first ideas and results from our unique neuroadaptive research agenda that brings us closer to answering this fundamental empirical question. We present our first implemented methodological solutions of novel ambulatory evaluation methods to study and improve Location-based System (LBS) displays, by critical examination of how perceptual, neurocognitive, psychophysiological, and display design factors might influence decision-making and spatial learning in pedestrian mobility across broad ranges of users and mobility contexts.
... Tappigraphy originated and is widely used in neuroscience to uncover behavioural patterns [1]. Recently, it has been shown to be applicable to GIScience as an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) tool to study mobile map usage behaviour [5]. Unlike other EMA methods, tappigraphy solely involves recording the taps on the screen of a smartphone and deliberately does not require the knowledge of any other private information about the individual (e.g. ...
Mobile map apps are rapidly changing the way we live by providing a broad range of services such as mapping, travel support, public transport, and trip-booking. Despite their widespread use, understanding how people use these apps in their everyday lives is still a challenge. In order to design context-aware mobile map apps, it is important to understand mobile map app usage behaviour. In this study, we employed a novel approach of recording touchscreen interactions (taps) on mobile map apps and combined them with users' distances from their homes to capture everyday map app usage. We analysed data from 30 participants recorded between February 2021 and March 2022 and applied two different data-driven analysis techniques to evaluate map apps usage. Our results reveal two distinct tapping signatures: a "home behaviour", characterised by high interactions with map-related apps close to home, and a "travel behaviour", defined by lower interactions scattered over a range of distances. Our findings have important implications for future work in this field and demonstrate the potential of our new approach for understanding mobile map app usage behaviour.
Mobile maps are an important tool for mastering modern digital life. In this paper, we outline our perspective on the challenges and opportunities associated with designing adaptive mobile maps that are useful, usable, and accessible to a wide range of users in different contexts. If we claim for adaptive mobile maps to be successful, we need to expand our understanding of map use context, including the physical and digital spaces, user behavior, and individual differences. We identify key challenges, such as the scarcity of knowledge about mobile map use behavior, the need for effective adaptation methods and strategies, user acceptance of adaptive maps, and issues related to control, privacy, trust, and transparency. We finally suggest research opportunities, such as studying mobile map usage, employing AI-based adaptation methods, leveraging the power of visual communication through maps, and ensuring user acceptance through user control and privacy.
We present a first exploratory analysis of app usage collected from 38 participants with the tappigraphy approach. In addition to collecting tapping data of our participants, we registered the GPS locations during their phone sessions. Our analysis entails the density estimation of smartphone session usage and the inspection of potential effects of distance from the home location on participants' number of taps in apps, differences in the number of taps on map and other apps, and finally on time spent on map apps. We found different behavioural patterns of mobile app usage on an individual level. However, overall, there are no significant differences in tap density across map and other app categories over the distance from home. Nonetheless, we argue that these preliminary results are crucial to investigate app usage behaviour on smartphones further and put a solid basis on the validation of tappigraphy as a method in the field of LBS and GIScience.
Mobile maps are an integral part of our daily routines, serving a variety of purposes in different environments. Designing maps for different use situations is essential for a user-centered and context-aware approach. Previous research has explored map use context and context-aware mobile maps from interdisciplinary perspectives. This paper aims to consolidate and unify existing research on context in cartography and related fields, identify current challenges, and propose ways to advance context-awareness for designing mobile maps. We present a map use context taxonomy that provides an overview of context elements, possible context-sensing methods, and corresponding application fields. We invite the cartographic community to expand on our proposed context taxonomy and explore the extensive field of context acquisition methods, applications, and related literature for advancing research on map use context.
