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The relatively clean and clear water in the Øresund makes it a difficult environment in which to carry out large dredging operations. For this reason, the Øresunds-konsortiet initiated an environmental monitoring and environmental management programme called " feedback monitoring " to navigate this huge and complicated construction work safely thro...
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... of the dredging operations is carried out from a mobile survey vessel, which follows the various dredging activities, while monitoring of the outlets from the deposition areas and sedimentation basins is based on a combination of fixed automatic measuring stations and the mobile station. Figure 7 shows one of the spill monitoring vessels operating in the Øresund. ...
Citations
... For the Øresund link project (Sweden/ Denmark), the spill budget of suspended sediment flowing outside the project boundaries was agreed and monitored in real time. If exceedances were imminent, contractor mitigated by either reducing operation rate or by moving to another dredging area, where budget was still available [31]. ...
... Øresund linkturbidity monitoring used contiguous thresholds in area of impact (sedimentation concentrations above a threshold in 2 fish migration areas, water visibility in a swan grazing area and for bathing beaches, sedimentation limits in areas with mussel beds) [31]. Construction dredging works (sediment plume from draghead) Wheatstone LNG Project, Australialicense included tiered turbidity trigger levels to ensure protection for corals, seagrass and macroalgae. ...
The establishment of thresholds is integral to environmental management. This paper introduces the use of thresholds in the context of deep-seabed mining, a nascent industry for which an exploitation regime of regulations , standards and guidelines is still in the process of being developed, and for which the roles and values of thresholds have yet to be finalised. There are several options for integrating thresholds into the International Seabed Authority's regulatory regime, from being stipulated in regulations to being part of a mining contract, each option having its own advantages and disadvantages. Here we explore the range of ways that thresholds can be derived, set out the challenges in translating ecological and management data into thresholds, highlight factors for acceptance and operationalisation of thresholds in deep-seabed mining, and explain the necessity of refining thresholds as knowledge on impacts to features improves. Some comparable marine industries already use thresholds and these could potentially be used as starting points for the development of thresholds for deep-seabed mining. In order to be acceptable to the wide range of deep-seabed mining stakeholders, thresholds need to strike a balance among levels of harm acceptable by society, levels of environmental precaution justifiable by governments, scientific robustness, and operational practicality.
... For the Øresund link project (Sweden/ Denmark), the spill budget of suspended sediment flowing outside the project boundaries was agreed and monitored in real time. If exceedances were imminent, contractor mitigated by either reducing operation rate or by moving to another dredging area, where budget was still available [31]. ...
... Øresund linkturbidity monitoring used contiguous thresholds in area of impact (sedimentation concentrations above a threshold in 2 fish migration areas, water visibility in a swan grazing area and for bathing beaches, sedimentation limits in areas with mussel beds) [31]. Construction dredging works (sediment plume from draghead) Wheatstone LNG Project, Australialicense included tiered turbidity trigger levels to ensure protection for corals, seagrass and macroalgae. ...
The establishment of thresholds is integral to environmental management. This paper introduces the use of thresholds in the context of deep-seabed mining, a nascent industry for which an exploitation regime of regulations, standards and guidelines is still in the process of being developed, and for which the roles and values of thresholds have yet to be finalised. There are several options for integrating thresholds into the International Seabed Authority’s regulatory regime, from being stipulated in regulations to being part of a mining contract, each option having its own advantages and disadvantages. Here we explore the range of ways that thresholds can be derived, set out the challenges in translating ecological and management data into thresholds, highlight factors for acceptance and operationalisation of thresholds in deep-seabed mining, and explain the necessity of refining thresholds as knowledge on impacts to features improves. Some comparable marine industries already use thresholds and these could potentially be used as starting points for the development of thresholds for deep-seabed mining. In order to be acceptable to the wide range of deep-seabed mining stakeholders, thresholds need to strike a balance among levels of harm acceptable by society, levels of environmental precaution justifiable by governments, scientific robustness, and operational practicality.
... In total, 162 km 2 are covered by seagrass meadows in Øresund [49], whereas blue mussel reefs (M. edulis) cover 46 km 2 [50]. Map of the sampling area and sites. ...
Seagrass meadows and mussel reefs provide favorable habitats for many fish species, but few studies have compared the associated fish assemblages directly and examined the influence of environmental variables. Knowledge of fish assemblages associated with disparate habitats is needed for the conservation of coastal fisheries and marine spatial planning. Catch per unit effort data derived from fyke nets showed similar species richness and diversity in seagrass meadows and mussel reefs, suggesting that both habitats support elevated marine biodiversity of mobile fauna. However, it was shown that fish assemblage structure differed between those habitats, and also fish abundance in seagrass meadows was significantly higher than in mussel reefs by comparing the data with a multivariate extension of Generalized Linear Models (GLM). Furthermore, employing underwater video recordings to compare fish abundances in high and low water current speed mussel reefs with a Generalized Linear Mixed Model with negative binomial distribution, data revealed similar fish abundances (in terms of the MaxN metric) despite the variation in current speed, probably because the mussel formations provide sufficient shelter, even from high water currents. The commercially important species Atlantic cod (G. morhua), however, was significantly more abundant in the low water current mussel reef. Therefore, restoration efforts targeting G. morhua could benefit from restoring low current mussel reefs. Our study provides input for the conservation of coastal recreational and commercial fisheries, habitat restoration and marine spatial planning where certain habitats may be prioritized.
... An early version of an adaptive management system established at Omya Hustadmarmor was based on experience from the Øresund Link, a bridge, tunnel and an artificial island construction connecting Denmark and Sweden. (Gray and Jensen 1993;Gray 1999;Jensen and Lyngby 1999). These authors coined the term "feedback monitoring" to describe what has later been widely termed "adaptive management." ...
Marine tailings disposal from mineral production is expected to have an environmental impact. In this case study we use a discharge of limestone processing tailings to a Norwegian fjord to describe an adaptive management process. The aim of the paper is to describe the development of an environmental adaptive management system, contrasted with management simply based on the quantity of the discharge. The main driver for developing a new management system for the submarine tailings deposits was a desire to establish a system based on what was perceived as important to all stakeholders, i.e. environmental impact. Involvement of stakeholders is essential, and a resource group with members from fisheries, local interest organizations, scientists, independent experts and managers from the mining company jointly defined common sets of acceptance criteria to evaluate impact. Introduction of an environmental adaptive management system has resulted in a change in the company's view of the impact their activity has on the environment, and an increased willingness to initiate monitoring and research to reduce knowledge gaps and uncertainty and impact on the marine environment. Environmental adaptive management has facilitated the development of a more ecologically relevant, integrated and focused submarine tailings deposits management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
... major suppliers of environmental data and model results to EAGLE and at the same time acted as Øresundsbro Konsortiet's feedback adviser and information manager.All feedback management and advice came in time to be based upon the EAGLE system. In the words ofJensen & Lyngby (1999): 'The backbone of the environmental control and management during the construction phase [was] the environmental information system EAGLE.'The EAGLE system drew upon three databases. ...
The motorway and railway connection between Denmark and Sweden, opened on 1 July 2000, when taken together with the connection across the Great Belt between the largest Danish islands, now provides a direct link between the Scandinavian peninsular and the rest of Europe. At a total cost of some 8 billion US dollars, these projects represented the largest infrastructural investments of their kind in Europe. Although backed by strong political and economic interests, these projects were also opposed by a part of the public and especially by political and environmental interest groups. This opposition was particularly pronounced in the case of the Denmark-Sweden link, partly owing to its location in a densely populated area and partly due to the potential impacts of the proposed link on the very sensitive local and regional marine environment. Thus, alongside the task of designing and constructing the physical link, the consortium that was responsible for its realisation, Øresundsbro Konsortiet, had to find ways to satisfy these many diverse interests. This paper describes how Øresundsbro Konsortiet, being an owner that valued constructive partnership, took up these challenges in their management, and how the environmental concerns were accommodated in the design and construction methods. Furthermore, it describes how the socio-technical approaches already taken up and developed within hydroinformatics in earlier projects were taken much further in the case of the Denmark-Sweden link. Finally, the paper describes the role of hydroinformatics in the various phases of the project and its significance in achieving the successful completion. The role of hydroinformatics as an important technology in facilitating stakeholder dialogue is thereby also clearly illustrated.
Before, during and after the construction of the bridge and tunnel between Sweden and Denmark 1995–2000, various sedimentological investigations were carried out. The main reason for the large focus on the sediment spill issue was the potential impact on the marine life. Sedimentological investigations carried out in connection with the building of the fixed link showed that the marine life also has a significant impact on both the natural sediment transport and on the fate of the spilled sediments.
It is now becoming impossible in many countries to proceed with new constructions and management practices in the water sector of the economy without involving the general public in the associated decision making processes. This trend towards a greater public participation is essentially asocio-technicaldevelopment that is itself dependent upon, and indeed inseparable from, sequences of technical innovations, as exemplified by the Internet and second and third generation telephony. It is a consequence of this situation that field data and model results, that were previously employed only by engineers and scientists, and employed for the most part technically, have now to be processed into forms which can be assimilated by the general population and employed politically, legally and altogether less technocratically. This process begins with the transformation of data into information, frequently through the intercession of modeling activities. The management of this activity falls within the purview ofInformation Management.The process may be taken further through the transformation of information into knowledge. This activity then falls, at least in principle, under the aegis ofKnowledge Management.Beyond this again, it is essential that knowledge should transform into understanding if public participation is to proceed at all equitably and effectively. Within the sector of water and the aquatic environment, all of the above developments, as enabled by advanced information and communication technologies, fall within the ambit of Hydroinformatics.This kind of development that is occurring in hydroinfbrmatics clearly necessitates a rather complete rethinking of data collection and processing strategies and associated network designs.
