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... absorption curve of red shoe-flower extract shows an absorbance maximum at 520 nm, whereas the absorbance maxima shifted to different wavelengths due to the series of colour changes with pH, when the pH of the solution changes and the colour observed at different pH is illustrated in Figure 2. In the acidic pH, such as , the absorbance maxima were observed at , whereas a red-shift was attained with the . ...
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Citations
... Such indicators are highly colored, simple, easy to extract and show promising results as compared to synthetic indicators in the titrimetric analysis (Gyanodaya, Mandir, & Narsingarh, 2015;Jaspreet, Kanika, Nain, & Geeta, 2011). These natural indicators contain different organic compounds like anthocyanin, flavonoids, curcumin, carotenoids, betaine and flavones that are responsible for proton transformation (Bahadori & Maroufi, 2016;Divya, Dipen, Kirtan, Ashish, & Avinash, 2016;Nair & Patil, 2011;Senathirajah, Rasalingam, & Ganeshalingam, 2017;Tukiran & Wardana, 2018). The titrimetric analysis is the most frequently applied method for acid-base estimation or hydronium ion concentration (Adusei, Adosraku, Oppong-Kyekyeku, & Amengor, 2019) requiring specific chemicals, glassware and handling. ...
A substance that changes color when pH changes is referred to as an indicator. Synthetic indicators, which are expensive and toxic, are currently the best option for estimating acid-base concentrations or hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations. This study aims to prepare pH paper indicators from natural sources to overcome this problem. Indicator strips of this type are eco-friendly, cheap, durable, non-toxic, biodegradable, and easy to prepare even at home. In this application, we are using natural sources such as turmeric (Curcuma longa), rose (Rosa Indica), beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) for the preparation of pH paper indicator strips. We used 73 acids, bases, and neutrals solutions to conduct comparative studies. These include fifty-nine household chemicals, such as milk, lemon, mango, honey, glycine, etc., and fourteen standard solutions of acids and bases of pH from 1 to 14. By dipping yellow-colored turmeric acidic paper into sodium hydroxide, we transform yellow-colored turmeric acidic paper into red-colored turmeric basic paper. The results are the same in both cases, i.e., turns yellow in acids and red in bases but unaffected in neutrals. Rose paper easily differentiates acids and bases while red cabbage gives almost the same results as pH paper (wide color change from red to dark blue). As these can be easily prepared and give comparable results with commonly used paper indicators, it would be possible to replace synthetic paper indicators
... An acid-base indicator is any substance that is used to detect pH levels that is based on the presence or concentrations of hydronium (H3O + ) or hydroxide (OH -) ions in sample solutions with corresponding color changes (Senathirajah et al., 2017). The use of plant materials as acid-base indicators have been recently investigated due to advantages over synthetic indicators such as availability of sources, cost-effectiveness, and non-hazardous properties (Sampin et al., 2019). ...
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... An acid-base indicator is any substance that is used to detect pH levels that is based on the presence or concentrations of hydronium (H3O + ) or hydroxide (OH -) ions in sample solutions with corresponding color changes (Senathirajah et al., 2017). The use of plant materials as acid-base indicators have been recently investigated due to advantages over synthetic indicators such as availability of sources, cost-effectiveness, and non-hazardous properties (Sampin et al., 2019). ...
... Additionally, Ethylenediamine, Propanal, 2,3dihydroxy, 2-Butanamine, (S), (Z) 6,(Z) 9-Pentadecadien-1-ol, 1-Propanol, 2methyl-and o-Methylisourea hydrogen sulfate have been known to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. the Flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis possesscyanidin-3-sophoroside, eco-friendly, Non-carcinogenic and biodegradable pigment, also used as an indicator for various acid-base titrations.20 ...
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn. (Malvaceae) is a popular medicinal plant found in tropical and sub-tropical region of world. All plant parts of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn are most widely used to treat several ailments like anti-Tumor, anti-fertility, anti-ovultory, anti-implantation, anti-Inflammatory, analgesic, anti-estrogenic, anti-pyretic, anti-spasmodic, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, hypoglycemic, spasmolytic, CNS depressant, hypertensive and juvenoid Activity. Due to its multidimensional pharmacological approach it is certain to emerge as a effficient player in the flourising field of herbal supplements, medicines and health care system. This review aims to present recent details on botany, ethnomedicinal uses, photochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxic effects, with the purpose to find research gaps demanding for upcoming research and investigation of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn. Principal constituents reported in Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn are flavones, containing quercetin-3-sophorotrioside, kaempferol-3xylosylglucoside,quercetin-3-diglucoside, quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, cyaniding-3,5-diglucoside, cyaniding-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside and other constituent are cyanidin chloride, cyclopeptide alkaloid, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, hentriacontane, taraxeryl acetate, ß-sitosterol, malvalic acids and cyclic acids sterculic. Complete literature was probed via websites,online databases, thesis and texts. The available reports was portray physicochemical parameters, nutritional aspects and phytochemical analysis of bioactive plant parts. Friendly holistic conservation approaches offered by plant biotechnology applications are also discussed.
... Apart from these, HRWE is also reported for many other activities. All these activities are due to different phytoconstituents like quercetin, quercetin-3-diglucoside, βsitosterol, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (Jadhav et al., 2009), cyanidin-3-sophoroside (Senathirajah et al., 2017), luteolin-8-C-glucoside (Zaki et al., 2017. Flowers and roots of the plant are also reported for neuroprotective activity (Hanumakonda and Maheshwaram, 2016;Begum et al., 2016). ...
... In order to realize these efforts, the utilization of plant-related extracts that are rich in anthocyanin content is widely explored (Tavakoli et al., 2013). Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower is rich in anthocyanin called cyanidine-3-sophoroside which acts as reducing & capping agent and as a stabilizer in the synthesis process (Nakamura et al., 1990;Senathirajah et al., 2017). It has also been reported that anthocyanins impart certain therapeutic properties to the synthesized particles (Xu et al., 2018). ...
The recent upsurge of antibiotic-resistant infections has posed to be a serious health concern worldwide. In the present paper, the effect of shape & capping agent on the antibacterial activity (on Skin and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) causing bacteria) of copper iodide (CuI) particles was probed. CuI synthesized without a capping agent was leaf-like, and that with one was prismatic in shape. XRD of the synthesized CuI confirmed their high crystalline nature and purity. The average crystallite sizes of capped and uncapped CuI were calculated to be 91.10 nm and 89.01 nm respectively from X-Ray powder diffraction data. The average particle size of capped CuI was found to be 492.7 nm and that of uncapped CuI was found to be 2.96 μm using HR-SEM analysis. The crystals obtained were further characterized using EDAX, FTIR spectroscopy and UV–Visible spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity of prismatic CuI capped with the flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis showed better activity than that of uncapped CuI. AFM analysis was carried out to confirm the proposed mechanism for antibacterial activity through the morphological changes on the bacterial cell wall in the presence of capped CuI. Molecular docking studies were performed to reaffirm the enhanced antibacterial activity of prismatic CuI further. The present study demonstrates the superior antibacterial propensity of prismatic CuI, consequently making it a potent antibacterial agent.
... Indicators synthetic widely used can cause pollution of the environment, if the waste is not given special treatment (Mahmud et al., 2018). The use of a natural indicator for test compounds acid-base balance can be a solution to replace the indicator is synthetic, so it can cope with the influx of pollutants to the environment (Senathirajah et al., 2017). Some of the plants that have the pigment of bright and dark colors can be used as a natural indicator to test the compound of the acid-alkaline balance. ...
... Some herbs that could potentially have elevated levels of anthocyanin and curcumin high, will be reaksikan with some chemical compound that has a pH range of acidic, neutral, and alkaline. The success of this study can provide new information on the world of education is to minimize the use of indicators syntheticimprove the use of a natural indicator for the test compounds of the acid-base (Senathirajah et al., 2017). In addition, the results of this study can be presented in teaching materials in the form of Atlas. ...
The type of research applied in this research is Research and Development. The development model used is Dick and Carrey. The purpose of this research and development is to design an Atlas and apply it to train the students' scientific reasoning abilities. Atlas is a teaching materials developed and applied to high school / vocational / MA level students. The sample chosen for the implementation of the Atlas of teaching materials was grade X of VOCATIONAL Health Yannas Husada Bangkalan students. The application of plants as natural indicators of acid-base tests is the material presented in the developed Atlas. Plants selected as indicators are tested first to be presented in the Atlas. Atlas is a teaching material that can convey information related to the use of natural indicators of the acid-base test to train the students' scientific reasoning skills. The four indicators of scientific reasoning that are trained are Theoretical Reasoning, Proportional Reasoning, Probabilistic Reasoning, and Correlational Reasoning. The data shows the students' scientific reasoning ability on the post-test results, as many as 20% of students are on the high criteria, 60% are moderate criteria, and 20% are still on the low criteria from the post-test results. The post-test result data is quite increased when compared to the pretet results, which 100% of students are in the low criteria.
... The colour changes reported in literature for other plants extracts are from dark pink to yellow whilst in this study; it is from pink to greenish yellow for the Acanthus pubescens flower extract. This might be attributed to different plant extracts being used in the other studies (Senathirajah et al., 2017) and also the crude extract component matrix might be different between the plant extracts. ...
... The results of this study are similar to the observations reported by various researchers (Jaspreet et al., 2011;Thote et al., 2015;Abbas, 2012;Senathirajah et al., 2017) that did related work on indicators using different parts of plant extracts, but there was a slight difference in the result as compared with that of Nhapi (2016) and Pimpodkar (2014). ...
Due to environmental friendliness, availability and cost, the search for natural compounds as acid-base indicators has continued. Certain highly coloured pigments obtained from plants produce changes in colour with varying pH. This study has been conducted to investigate the indicator property of ethanolic and acidified ethanol extracts of Acanthus sennii chiovenda flower and compare the results with that of already existing synthetic indicators (phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue and methyl red). Flower extracts of the plant were characterized with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and phytochemical screening test. The colour change with respect to varying pH was also examined by adding four drops of flower extracts of this plant to definite volume of solutions at various pH. The flower extracts of the plant were applied in titrimetric analysis for four types of acid-base titrations. Phytochemical analysis and spectral studies confirmed presence of anthocyanins and flavonoids in ethanol and acidified ethanol Acanthus sennii chiovenda flower extracts responsible for accurate and sharp colour change at the end point. The results indicated that flower extracts of this plant can be used as acid-base indicators. Statistical tests and comparisons are made with performances of the synthetic indicators.
... The colour change might be due to transformation shown in Fig. 2 above due to the results of intramolecular rearrangement which changes the structure of the indicators, hence it absorbs in the different region of the spectrums [36]. The colours from literature changed from dark pink to yellow [37] whilst in this study they changed from orange red to greenish yellow in Acanthus sennii chiovenda flower extract. This might be attributed to different plant extracts being used in other studies and also the crude extract component matrix might be different between the plant extracts. ...
... Hence the acidified ethanol extracts can be used in place of phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue while the ethanol extracts can replace methyl red in weak acid versus weak base tritrations. The results of this study are similar to the observations reported on Jaspreet et al. [38], Thote et al. [3], Abbas [9] and Senathirajah et al. [37] that did related work on indicators using different parts of plant extracts, but there was a slight difference in the result as compared with that of Nhapi [5] and Pimpodkar et al. [8]. ...
... The colour changes reported in literature for other plants extracts are from dark pink to yellow whilst in this study; it is from pink to greenish yellow for the Acanthus pubescens flower extract. This might be attributed to different plant extracts being used in the other studies (Senathirajah et al., 2017) and also the crude extract component matrix might be different between the plant extracts. ...
... The results of this study are similar to the observations reported by various researchers (Jaspreet et al., 2011;Thote et al., 2015;Abbas, 2012;Senathirajah et al., 2017) that did related work on indicators using different parts of plant extracts, but there was a slight difference in the result as compared with that of Nhapi (2016) and Pimpodkar (2014). ...
The use of Acanthus pubescens flower extracts as natural eco-friendly substitutes for synthetic acid - base indicators is experimentally confirmed. In this study, it is indicated that ethanolic and acidified ethanol extracts of Acanthus pubescens flower are good replacements to phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue and methyl red in acid-base titrations involving a strong acid versus strong base and a strong acid versus weak base. They can also be used as effective substitutes to phenolphthalein in a weak acid versus strong base titrations. And also the acidified ethanol extracts can be used in place of phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue while the ethanol extracts can replace methyl red in weak acid versus weak base titrations. It is also concluded that the use of Acanthus pubescens flower extract as an indicator in all types of acid base titrations is beneficial because of its economy, eco-friendly nature, ease of preparation, availability, simplicity, non-carcinogenicity, precision and accuracy of results.
