Figure - available from: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
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The role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in chemotherapy resistance and EMT in PCa. Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as PCAT6, HCG11, and lncRNA-ATB, modulate this pathway by interacting with miRNAs (e.g., miR-204, miR-543) and downstream targets (e.g., HMGA2, ZEB1). These interactions drive resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), influencing PCa progression and therapeutic response. Ras: Rat sarcoma gene; Raf: rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; MEK1/2: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ZEB1: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1; ZNF217: zinc finger protein 217; PIP3: phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate; PDK1: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; AKT: alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; TSC1/2: tuberous sclerosis proteins 1 and 2; Rheb: Ras homolog enriched in brain; mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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Globally, the incidence and death rates associated with cancer persist in rising, despite considerable advancements in cancer therapy. Although some malignancies are manageable by a mix of chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and targeted therapy, most malignant tumors either exhibit poor responsiveness to early identification or endure post-treatment...