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The results of real-time PCR analysis. Relative mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TRPM2 genes in heart (A), lung (B), kidney (C) and liver (D) tissues exposed to tartrazine were given as fold change compared to the control. *Represents the significance of p < 0.001 compared to control. GAPDH is reference gene for normalization.
Source publication
Tartrazine finds widespread application in the realms of alimentation, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic formulations, and textile manufacturing. Tartrazine has a negative effect on human health such as hyperactivity, allergies and asthma in children. Substances such as tartrazine might effect the embryo in a kind of aspects, containing physical or mental...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 mRNA levels of each tissues were determined according to the mRNA levels of related control tissues (Fig. 5A-D). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in hearts of fetuses compared to the control (0.14; 0.9; 0.69; 0.9; fold change, respectively) (Fig. 5A). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in lungs of fetuses compared to the control (0.19; 0.1; 0.19; 0.82; fold change, ...
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... of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 mRNA levels of each tissues were determined according to the mRNA levels of related control tissues (Fig. 5A-D). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in hearts of fetuses compared to the control (0.14; 0.9; 0.69; 0.9; fold change, respectively) (Fig. 5A). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in lungs of fetuses compared to the control (0.19; 0.1; 0.19; 0.82; fold change, respectively) (Fig. 5B). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in kidneys of fetuses compared to the control (0.35; 0.43; 0.68; 0.84; fold change; ...
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... 5A-D). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in hearts of fetuses compared to the control (0.14; 0.9; 0.69; 0.9; fold change, respectively) (Fig. 5A). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in lungs of fetuses compared to the control (0.19; 0.1; 0.19; 0.82; fold change, respectively) (Fig. 5B). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in kidneys of fetuses compared to the control (0.35; 0.43; 0.68; 0.84; fold change; respectively) (Fig. 5C). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in livers of fetuses compared to the control (14,93*; 1.09; 0.92; 0.67; fold change, ...
Context 4
... 5A). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in lungs of fetuses compared to the control (0.19; 0.1; 0.19; 0.82; fold change, respectively) (Fig. 5B). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in kidneys of fetuses compared to the control (0.35; 0.43; 0.68; 0.84; fold change; respectively) (Fig. 5C). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in livers of fetuses compared to the control (14,93*; 1.09; 0.92; 0.67; fold change, respectively, *p < 0.001) (Fig. ...
Context 5
... of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in kidneys of fetuses compared to the control (0.35; 0.43; 0.68; 0.84; fold change; respectively) (Fig. 5C). The mRNA levels of the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TRPM2 gene were altered in livers of fetuses compared to the control (14,93*; 1.09; 0.92; 0.67; fold change, respectively, *p < 0.001) (Fig. ...
Citations
... Female rats at this age are also reproductively mature, providing a reliable model for studies involving hormonal status and postpartum physiology while avoiding variability associated with immature or aged reproductive cycles. Albino strains such as Wistar are commonly used due to their well-documented genetic backgrounds and standardized responses across a wide range of experimental paradigms, further enhancing reproducibility [22]. The selection of this model was also supported by its relevance to translational research, as the physiological characteristics of young adult rats approximate several aspects of human physiology [23]. ...
Background and Objectives: Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is frequently prescribed during pregnancy to treat mood disorders. Studies indicate that chronic use of sertraline is associated with elevated liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and histological alterations in the liver. Folic acid, a recommended supplement currently used during the first trimester of pregnancy, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, folic acid might be a potential protective agent against sertraline-induced liver injury. The current study aimed to investigate the possible hepatotoxic effects of sertraline administration during pregnancy and early postpartum. In addition, we sought to evaluate the potential protective effects of folic acid supplementation in alleviating any sertraline-induced liver damage. Materials and Methods: Eighty pregnant albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, folic acid-treated, sertraline-treated, and folic acid–sertraline-treated. Each group was divided into rats euthanized immediately after giving birth (0 h) or 14 days postpartum. Biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations of liver function and structure were conducted. Results: Administration of sertraline was associated with a significant increase in hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST) and disrupted lipid profile (elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-c) compared to the control group. Increased apoptosis was evidenced by increased caspase 3 expression and histological alterations, including vacuolation and inflammatory infiltrates, in sertraline-treated rats. Folic acid supplementation effectively mitigated these effects by preserving liver architecture, normalizing biochemical markers (ALT, AST, and lipid profile changes), and reducing apoptotic activity (lower caspase 3 expression). Conclusions: Folic acid mitigated sertraline-induced hepatic damage in pregnant rats. This suggests the potential benefits of using folic acid during the whole duration of pregnancy in patients treated with sertraline.
