Table 5 - uploaded by Tagesu Abdisa
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Animal disease problems have been investigated by veterinarians through undertaking a careful and clinical examination with the objective of recognizing the nature of the affection. So, that effective treatment and control measure is adopted. Clinical examination is one of the fundamental for diagnosing animals which are presented to clinic. Veteri...
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... the animal is restless the clinician should count the rate of breathing for a shorter period and use simple multiplication to calculate the respiratory rate in breaths/ minute. Mouth breathing is abnormal in cattle and is usually an indication of very poor lung function or a failing circulation (Table 5). ...
Citations
... Al inicio del experimento y durante todo el estudio se diagnosticó el estado general de salud, se determinó usando las invariantes funcionales del método clínico [13]. Todos los animales se desparasitaron con Ivermectina (Ivermectina 1%, Laboratorios Erma S.A., Colombia). ...
Para evaluar el impacto de los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) en el rendimiento de la biomasa comestible, el consumo de materia seca y la producción láctea en los rebaños lecheros de la Región Andina de Ecuador, se desarrolló esta investigación. Se estudiaron tres agroecosistemas (AES); los AES 1 y 2 contenían Alnus acuminata H.B.K (Aliso) y Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. (Acacia), respectivamente, en asociación con el estrato herbáceo, y el AES, pastos solamente. Se determinó el efecto del año y AES en el rendimiento de la biomasa comestible y en el consumo de MS mediante un ANOVA multifactorial con interacción. La producción láctea se analizó mediante un método de los mínimos cuadrados. El rendimiento de la biomasa comestible fue mayor (P< 0,05) en el AES 1, en el primero y segundo años y el consumo de materia seca en el AES 1 durante los tres años. La producción láctea en el primer año no difirió significativamente entre los AES, pero en el segundo año fue superior (P< 0,05) en el AES 1 y en el tercer año en los AES 1 y 2. Las medias de producción láctea ajustada fueron superiores (P< 0,05) en las vacas de los AES 1 y AES 2. En los tres años, la producción láctea total fue superior en el AES 1. Se concluye que los AES 1 y AES 2 favorecieron el rendimiento de la biomasa comestible, pero en el AES 1 fueron superiores el consumo de materia seca y la producción láctea.
... The primary impediments to the production of the livestock industry are illnesses, inadequate diet, and breeding practices, which include substandard management. 1 The typical environmental problems that frequently affect small, large ruminants as well as equines include hernias, wounds, lameness, fractures, urine retention (UR) and dog bites. 2 A hernia is the protrusion of organ from its normal cavity into abnormal cavity. 3 Accidental and congenital factors are the two most common causes of hernias. ...
... Tis study focused on farmers managing medium-sized cattle and bufalo fattening businesses (ruminant farmers) with herds of more than fve but fewer than 10 animals, based on prior research indicating that small farms typically have 2-5 animals [22]. Tis approach ensures consistent data, informs tailored policies, and supports programs distinct from those for small-or large-scale farms. ...
The rise in antimicrobial resistance is a vital concern, and various factors, such as the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, have contributed to its development and spread. Livestock farmers, veterinarians, and pharmacies are key prescribers of antibiotics for disease prevention, control, and treatment of ruminant animals. A qualitative study in the Sumbawa District examined their awareness, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotic use, residues, and resistance, underscoring their vital role in tackling this challenge. The study utilized nine key informant interviews, sixteen in-depth interviews, a single focus group discussion, and on-farm observations using semistructured formats and thematic analysis to identify and explore themes. This revealed a common practice of antibiotic self-medication among ruminant farmers in the Sumbawa Regency, driven by limited knowledge and leading to medicine store purchases based on advice from veterinary paraprofessionals or for unregulated self-treatment. Factors contributing to antibiotic misuse include trust in veterinary paraprofessionals, economic limitations, lack of targeted antiresistance programs, and insufficient regulation of antibiotic sales. Enhancing veterinary paraprofessionals' awareness of their ethical duties, launching educational programs for actors, providing financial support for these initiatives, and strict enforcement of regulations by the local government are strategies that could collectively promote responsible antibiotic use and stewardship.
... These clinical findings were caused by stress factors during the examination. Healthy cats can experience significant stress due to being in a new environment or improper handling [9,10]. This stress can affect the physiology of the animal's body. ...
This study aims to identify the health status of stray cats in the city of Bogor with various examination parameters, namely physical, blood and urine. This study used 20 stray cats from the city of Bogor. The stray cats were adapted for 1 day at the veterinary clinic of College of Vocational Studies of IPB University and then examined. The parameters examined were physical examination, blood and urine. The results of the physical examination showed that many abnormalities in the skin and fur, such as ectoparasites, and alopecia. A fairly large percentage of abnormal results were obtained in the increase in hearth rate and respiratory rate, this can be influenced by stress factors. Hematological examination showed that were within the normal range, except for increased eosinophils and low platelet counts. It indicated possible parasitic infestation and platelet-related problems. Result of urine examination was dominated by hyposthenuria, which is thought to be related to less drinking frequency or fasting status in the animals. Examination of urine color of these cats is normal, did not contain protein. Examination of epithelial cells in urine showed that 13 samples (76%) contained epithelial cells and 4 samples (24%) showed negative results.
... The physical examination includes sex, measurements of body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rumen motion. All data and information obtained are recorded in detail in medical records (Abdisa, 2017). ...
Small ruminant anaplasmosis is a blood-parasitic disease that can cause reproductive and economic problems, especially in Ettawa crossbred. In Indonesia, especially in Central Java Province, the study of this pathogen is still limited. This study examines subclinical anaplasmosis in Ettawa crossbred goats from central Java, Indonesia. Twenty adult goats underwent comprehensive physical and laboratory examinations. The physical exams assessed factors like sex, body temperature, heart rate, respiration, and rumen function. Laboratory testing involved blood smears to detect Anaplasmaspecies and complete blood counts using a hematology analyzer. The results showed that 8 goats were positive for Anaplasma, with 2 samples resembling A. phagocytophilum and 6 resembling A. marginale. Females were more likely to be infected. Infected goats did not exhibit significant changes in vital signs compared to healthy goats. However, infected goats had lower red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, as well as higher white blood cell counts, indicating subclinical anemia. This is the first study to demonstrate the impact of subclinical Anaplasma infection on Ettawa crossbred goats in this region, highlighting the potential for production losses from this overlooked disease.
... Buffer with no crude enzymes was used as a control. The reaction was performed at 37°C (reported temperature of remnant rumen) (Abdisa, 2017;Pérez-Barbería, 2020) for 24 h. The mixture was vacuum filtered and then dried at 60°C overnight prior to dry weight measurements. ...
A thermophilic bacterium strain SBKS0103 was isolated from sediments of the Boeklueng hot spring in Thailand and identified as Geobacillus kaustophilus based on 16S rRNA and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. The result showed that crude cellulase production was highest after 2 days on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) medium at 55°C. The most favorable conditions of the crude enzyme were found to be at pH 6 and a temperature of 70°C. The protein profile of crude enzyme exhibited the endoglucanase activity at a molecular weight of around 63 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis. For stability, crude cellulase retained 75% of its activity at 40°C and 20% at 70°C after 2 h of incubation. Enzymatic digestion of animal feed ingredients (untreated cassava pulp or sorghum seed) was performed at 37°C for 24 h. At pH 3, the dry weight reductions of cassava pulp and sorghum seed were 7.10±0.21% and 10.34±0.17%, respectively, and at pH 6, they were 11.63±4.32% and 12.71±1.44%, respectively. Moreover, reducing sugar concentration increased gradually since 2 h of incubation which confirmed the enzymatic degradation. In conclusion, crude thermostable cellulase from Geobacillus sp. has the potential to be developed as an animal feed additive to facilitate lignocellulose digestion.
... Therefore, the different temperature values followed a weather pattern of the evaluation period rather than a specific effect of the vaccine candidate inoculation. Usually, the ovine corporal temperature ranges between 38.3 and 40 °C [37,38]. Rectal temperatures remained within the expected ranges for the species in most of the experiment. ...
... Therefore, the different temperature values followed a weather pattern of the evaluation period rather than a specific effect of the vaccine candidate inoculation. Usually, the ovine corporal temperature ranges between 38.3 and 40 • C [37,38]. Rectal temperatures remained within the expected ranges for the species in most of the experiment. ...
Multivalent live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines are often used to control the bovine viral diarrhea disease (BVD). Still, they retain inherent disadvantages and do not provide the expected protection. This study developed a new vaccine prototype, including the external segment of the E2 viral protein from five different subgenotypes selected after a massive screening. The E2 proteins of every subgenotype (1aE2, 1bE2, 1cE2, 1dE2, and 1eE2) were produced in mammalian cells and purified by IMAC. An equimolar mixture of E2 proteins formulated in an oil-in-water adjuvant made up the vaccine candidate, inducing a high humoral response at 50, 100, and 150 µg doses in sheep. A similar immune response was observed in bovines at 50 µg. The cellular response showed a significant increase in the transcript levels of relevant Th1 cytokines, while those corresponding to the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the negative control were similar. High levels of neutralizing antibodies against the subgenotype BVDV1a demonstrated the effectiveness of our vaccine candidate, similar to that observed in the sera of animals vaccinated with the commercial vaccine. These results suggest that our vaccine prototype could become an effective recombinant vaccine against the BVD.
... Second, by observing vital signs, we can detect signs of diseases and sudden changes in medical conditions and observe chronic diseases in what is expected to be a breakthrough in healthcare and medicine. Although most existing methods of monitoring vital signs are intended to be used for humans, they can be applied to a wide range of non-human animals, which is expected to lead to innovative applications and commercial opportunities [1]. ...
There has been a growing interest in the application of radar technology to the monitoring of humans and animals and their positions, motions, activities, and vital signs. Radar can be used, for example, to remotely measure vital signs such as respiration and heartbeat without contact. Radar-based human sensing is expected to be adopted in a variety of fields, such as medicine, healthcare, and entertainment, but what can be realized by radar-based animal sensing? This paper reviews the latest research trends in the noncontact sensing of animals using radar systems. We also present examples of our past radar experiments for the respiratory measurement of monkeys and the heartbeat measurement of chimpanzees. The trends in this field are reviewed in terms of the target animal species, type of vital sign, and radar type and selection of frequencies.
... The present study revealed the efficacy of NSAIDs, fluid therapy, Vitamin B complex, and gastric intubation for improving colic symptoms and reducing recurrence. Pain management and restraint are essential, so pain-related behavior should also be frequently monitored [32]. Most prior studies have found that NSAIDs are the drugs of choice for addressing colic-associated pain. ...
Background and Aim: Colic is among the common health issues in equine health management. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are the most frequent causes of colic, but dysfunction of other organs and systems inside the abdominal cavity may also contribute. Therefore, it is crucial to identify risk factors for colic of specific etiologies. This study aimed to examine the incidence, risk factors, and best therapeutic management practices for horses with colic.
Materials and Methods: A cohort of 256 horses living in Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia, was randomly recruited based on reports of colic symptoms by owners. Diagnosis and treatment were then conducted with the help of owners. Symptom profiles, risk factors, and therapeutic management strategies were analyzed by Chi-square tests.
Results: Of 256 horses enrolled, 217 (84%) were diagnosed with colic, of which 172 (79.3%) were cases of spasmodic colic, 33 (15.2%) of impaction colic, and 12 (5.5%) of intestinal obstruction/displacement. Male sex (χ2 = 16.27; p < 0.001), wheat bran feeding (χ2 = 15.49; p < 0.001), concentrate feed intake >5 kg/day (χ2 = 24.95; p < 0.001), no regular anthelmintic drug treatment (χ2 = 67.24; p < 0.001), GI parasite infection (χ2 = 65.11; p < 0.001), recurrent colic (χ2 = 91.09; p < 0.001), poor body condition score (χ2 = 71.81; p < 0.001), limited daily water access (χ2 = 127.92; p < 0.001), and indications of dental disease (χ2 = 9.03; p < 0.001) were identified as risk factors. The most effective therapies were gastric intubation (χ2 = 153.54; p < 0.001), Vitamin B complex injection (χ2 = 32.09; p < 0.001), fluid therapy (χ2 = 42.59; p < 0.001), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug injection (NSAID).
Conclusion: Colic is highly prevalent among horses in Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. Proper diet, workload management, regular access to clean drinking water, and dental care can reduce colic risk. Recommended therapies include NSAID injection without other analgesics or spasmolytics, fluid therapy, Vitamin B complex, and gastric intubation.
... Johnson'a (2019) göre, iyi ve detaylı bir şekilde sağlanan anamnez, doğru teşhis koymak için gerekli olan verilerin %60-80'ini oluşturur ve veteriner hekimliğinde hayvan sahibi ile iletişimin bozulması ya da kesilmesi yanlış tedavinin temel sebeplerinden biri olarak görülebilir. Veteriner hekimler hayvan sahibinin uygun ve yeterli bir öykü sunmadığı ve bu öykünün de yanlış tanıya neden olabileceği durumlarda mesleki bilgisini kullanarak verilen bilgileri akılcı sorularla doğrulamalıdır (Abdisa, 2017). Veteriner hekimler yıllar içerisindeki tecrübeleri ile anamnez almanın önemini daha iyi anlar ve hayvan sahiplerinin ne istediğini belirleme konusunda daha iyi bir seviyeye ulaşırlar (Vandeweerd & ark., 2012). ...
