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The relationship between bottleneck size during transfers in an evolution experiment (see Figure 1) and the average effect of mutations that reach high frequency in the population after 50–100 transfers. The average mutational effect was calculated as the total difference in fitness between the wild-type ancestor and the final population, divided by the estimated number of mutations. Data are from Table 1 of Burch and Chao 1999 [15].
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Experimental evolution studies, in which biological populations are evolved in a specific environment over time, can address questions about the nature of spontaneous mutations, responses to selection, and the origins and maintenance of novel traits. Here, we review more than 30 years of experimental evolution studies using the bacteriophage (phage...
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a plus-stranded RNA virus that often chronically infects liver hepatocytes and causes liver cirrhosis and cancer. These viruses replicate their genomes employing error-prone replicases. Thereby, they routinely generate a large ‘cloud’ of RNA genomes (quasispecies) which—by trial and error—comprehensively explore the seque...
Evolutionary processes in growing, well-mixed populations have been thoroughly investigated both experimentally and mathematically. More recently, insights have been gained into mutant evolution in expanding, spatially structured populations, using agent-based models and related simulation approaches. These become computationally challenging at hig...
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Background: One of the major concerns in contemporary medical science is the issue of cancer, with ovarian cancer being a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths. A key challenge in treating ovarian cancer is its initial responsiveness followed by resistance to paclitaxel therapy. However, recent advances in nanotechnology, particularly drug delivery systems like niosomes, offer promising solutions. Methods: Researchers fabricated nanoparticles via the ether injection approach and analyzed them for particle dimensions, surface charge, and medication release characteristics. Subsequently, they employed A2780CP ovarian cancer cell lines to evaluate the impact of nanodrug using an MTT assay. Results: The average particle size was reported at 190.3 ± 20.6 nm, with a zeta potential of -18.9 ± 2.7 mV. Notably, high encapsulation proficiency (87.6 ± 32%) verified the successfulness of the applied technique. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated enhanced efficacy of nanodrug over free carboplatin when targeting A2780CP cell lines (P < 0.05). Conclusion: these findings suggest that pegylated liposomal nanocarriers could be effective carriers for delivering paclitaxel to A2780CP ovarian cancer cell lines.
Objective: Curcumin, a potent polyphenolic compound, has been closely studied for its potential to improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. With its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, curcumin has shown promise in enhancing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents, especially in cancer cells that have developed resistance. Methods: This study investigated curcumin’s potential benefits in treating oral cancer. Researchers cultured CAL-27 oral cancer cells and treated them with varying concentrations of curcumin under standard laboratory conditions. To evaluate the effects on cell health and survival, they combined curcumin with common anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel, methotrexate, or vincristine. Results: The results were significant. Treating the CAL-27 cells with curcumin showed a noticeable decrease in cell viability, indicating that curcumin significantly inhibited cancer cell growth. This suggests that curcumin could potentially enhance the effectiveness of existing chemotherapy treatments for oral cancer. The study underscores the potential of curcumin as a complementary tool in the fight against oral cancer. Combining it with traditional chemotherapy could lead to better outcomes and improved management of this serious disease. Conclusion: These findings contribute to the growing body of research exploring natural compounds like curcumin as adjunct therapies in cancer treatment.
One of the major concerns in contemporary medical science is the issue of cancer, with ovarian
cancer being a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths. A key challenge in treating ovarian cancer is its
initial responsiveness followed by resistance to paclitaxel therapy. However, recent advances in nanotechnology,
particularly drug delivery systems like niosomes, offer promising solutions. Methods: Researchers fabricated
nanoparticles via the ether injection approach and analyzed them for particle dimensions, surface charge, and
medication release characteristics. Subsequently, they employed A2780CP ovarian cancer cell lines to evaluate
the impact of nanodrug using an MTT assay. Results: The average particle size was reported at 190.3 ± 20.6
nm, with a zeta potential of -18.9 ± 2.7 mV. Notably, high encapsulation proficiency (87.6 ± 32%) verified the
successfulness of the applied technique. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated enhanced efficacy of
nanodrug over free carboplatin when targeting A2780CP cell lines (P < 0.05). Conclusion: these findings suggest
that pegylated liposomal nanocarriers could be effective carriers for delivering paclitaxel to A2780CP ovarian
cancer cell lines.
Keywords: Nanoniosome- Paclitaxel- ovarian cancer
