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The qualitative analysis of endophytic bacteria isolates to solubilize phosphate on Pikovskaya medium with the addition of Bromophenol blue 0.01 g L -1
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Sudewi S, Ala A, Baharuddin, Farid M. 2020. The isolation, characterization endophytic bacteria on from roots of local rice plant Kamba in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1614-1624. The local Kamba rice plants are cultivated by the Bada Valley people for generations by obtaining seeds from previous crops. This rice plant is able to s...
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Context 1
... ability of endophytic bacteria isolates to dissolve phosphate was qualitatively determined by culturing bacterial isolates in Pikovskaya solid media modified with the addition of Bromophenol blue 0.01 g L -1 . The test results showed that 19 isolates of endophytic bacteria were shown to be able to form clear zones around bacterial colonies on solid Pikovskaya media (Figure 8) with different clear zone diameters and colony diameters (Table 2). Indicator of the ability of bacteria to dissolve phosphate is characterized by its ability to grow on solid Pikovskaya media and form clear zones around the colony. ...
Context 2
... best phosphate solvent bacteria's ability to produce the diameter of the halo zone with the largest area compared to other bacteria isolates colonies, while isolates that do not form clear zones are unable to dissolve phosphate. The results showed that all endophytic bacteria isolates were able to dissolve phosphates with different colony diameters and clear zone diameters produced ( Figure 8; Table 2). ...
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Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that thrive in plant tissue without causing any negative effects to the host plants. The purpose of this study was to apply endophytic bacteria that have the potential to produce IAA hormones as biological agents in rice seeds. This research was conducted by testing IAA hormone using a spectrophotometer, testi...
Citations
... Proses pelatihan dilakukan secara praktis dengan memandu peserta secara langsung dalam pembuatan pupuk organik dengan bahan baku kotoran sapi yang telah ditampung sebelumnya (terfermentasi alami) sebanyak 30kg. Adapun bahan-bahan lain yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini meliputi daun pisang (sebagai penutup POP selama masa fermentasi, sekam padi 10kg, jerami padi yang telah dicincang 10kg, Trichoderma TR3 250 gram, bioaktivator BioDera M-6 sebagai starter pengganti EM4 sebanyak 500 mL (Sudewi et al., 2020;Sudewi et al., 2021;Ratnawati et al., 2019) dan gula merah cair/molase 500 mL. Alat yang digunakan yaitu sekop, gembor, plastik kemasan dan alat pencacah bahan organik. ...
Poboya Village is located in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, where most of the population work as farmers. Farmers in the area are members of the Taruna Mas Farmer Group who traditionally carry out cattle breeding activities as a side business. Livestock manure waste generated from the farmer group's farming activities has not been optimally processed as organic fertilizer for agricultural land. The purpose of this service program is to provide knowledge, understanding and skills to the community to convert livestock waste in the form of cow dung into organic fertilizer that can be economically profitable. This service activity is carried out using the Asset Based Communities Development (ABCD) Method or approach. The stages of activities carried out include the preparation stage (coordination, location review, preparation of facilities & infrastructure), the socialization stage of the activity program, the training and mentoring stage and the monitoring and evaluation stage. The results of the PKM activities that have been carried out are running well in accordance with the expected targets. In addition, there was an increase in knowledge, indicated by the active participation of participants in discussion and question and answer sessions, increased understanding and skills in making organic fertilizers, and the adoption of new methods introduced during PKM activities. Optimizing the use of organic fertilizer from livestock manure waste is a strategic step and a promising green solution in supporting sustainable agriculture, because it has the potential to increase soil fertility and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Abstrak Kelurahan Poboya terletak di Kota Palu Sulawesi Tengah yang sebagian penduduknya bekerja sebagai petani. Petani di wilayah tersebut tergabung dalam Kelompok Tani Taruna Mas yang secara tradisional melakukan kegiatan beternak sapi sebagai usaha sampingannya. Limbah kotoran ternak yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan beternak kelompok kani tersebut belum diolah secara optimal sebagai pupuk organik untuk lahan pertanian. Tujuan dari program pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman serta keterampilan kepada masyarakat untuk mengubah limbah ternak berupa kotoran sapi menjadi pupuk organik yang dapat menguntungkan secara ekonomi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan metode atau pendekatan Asset Based Communities Development (ABCD) Method. Tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi tahap persiapan (koordinasi, peninjauan lokasi, persiapan sarana & prasarana), tahap sosialisasi program kegiatan, tahap pelatihan dan pendampingan serta tahap monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan PKM yang telah dilaksanakan, berjalan baik sesuai dengan target yang diharapkan. Selain itu terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan, ditunjukkan melalui partisipasi aktif peserta dalam sesi diskusi dan tanya jawab, peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam pembuatan pupuk organik, serta adopsi metode baru yang diperkenalkan selama kegiatan PKM berlangsung. Optimalisasi pemanfaatan pupuk organik dari limbah kotoran ternak ini menjadi langkah strategis dan solusi hijau yang menjanjikan dalam mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan, karena berpotensi dalam meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan mengurangi ketergantungan pada pupuk kimia Kata Kunci:
... This causes DNA to come out of the cell and form slimy threads when removed from the surface of the slide. In contrast, Gram-positive bacteria do not form threads when removed from the surface of the slide because of their thick Peptidoglycan layer, so these bacteria do not lyse easily when dropped with a 3% KOH solution (Sudewi et al., 2020). The catalase reaction test yielded positive catalase results of 83.33%, while catalase negatives were 16.66% ( Table 2). ...
... Hallmann et al. [57] stated that crop rotation factors and soil conditions influence the population structure of bacteria. Another factor according to Sudewi et al. [58] is the presence of phytopathogens from the location of endophytic bacteria collection. ...
Stem base rot (SBR) disease caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian is associated with significant yield loss. Meanwhile, wild passion fruit (Passiflora foetida L.) interacts with bacteria that have potential to control SBR disease. Therefore, this research aimed to examine potential of endophytic bacteria from wild passion fruit to control SBR disease in pepper plant and the role as growth promoters. A total of 12 endophytic bacteria isolates were tested for potential to promote growth and biocontrol, focusing on the ability to produce the phytohormone IAA, dissolve phosphate, fix nitrogen, as well as produce cellulase and protease enzymes. The three best isolates were then tested on pepper cuttings (Var. Malonan I). The results showed that the highest disease severity was found in control at 40.74% (moderately susceptible), followed by isolate KSA 01 at 37.03%, and SIB 01 at 33.33% (resistant). Disease severity in isolate KPA 03 was significantly lower at 7.41% (very resistant). The highest disease incidence occurred in control and KSA 03 at 44.44%, while the lowest occurred in KPA 03 and SIB 02 at 33.33%. Isolate KPA 03 produced the highest plant height increase (39.87 cm) and the highest number of leaves (5.78), although it was not significantly different from isolate SIB 02. This research showed that endophytic bacteria from wild passion fruit could effectively control SBR disease and improve pepper plant growth.
... Endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of local rice plant from Indonesia showed a very effective result in IAA production and phosphate solubilisation (18). ...
Endophytic bacteria are those which live inside the plant tissue without harming the plants and can be isolated from almost all parts of the plant like roots, leaves, stems, fruits, seeds, flowers etc. These microbes were found to help the host plant in disease management, environmental stress tolerance and also help the plant in their growth and development. Previousy, it was suggested that the use of endophytic bacteria as a biofertilizer can replace the use of several agrochemicals in agriculture. Endophytic bacteria like Herbaspirillum sp., Methylobacteriumsp., and Brevundimonassp. isolated from tea plant showed distinct plant growth promoting activities. The main aim of this chapter is to discuss about the endophytic bacteria isolated from different plants and their growth promotion activities. Additionally, it will be discussed about how endophytic bacteria help plants to cope with different environmental stresses and manage their diseases.
... Proses pelatihan dilakukan dengan mempraktekkan langsung cara membuat pupuk organik cair dengan bahan dasar limbah urin sapi serta bahan-bahan lain yang mudah diperoleh. Bahan yang digunakan berupa urin sapi 2 L, air kelapa 2 L, air cucian beras 1 liter, gula merah 0,5 kg yang diencerkan berperan sebagai sumber energi bagi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme (Pramana, Setiyo & Aviantara, 2018), serta starter pengganti EM4 yaitu BioDera M-6 sebanyak 250 mL yang merupakan bioaktivator hasil penelitian (Sudewi et al., 2020;Sudewi et al., 2021;Ratnawati et al., 2019). ...
Taruna Mas Farmer Group of Poboya Village, Palu City is an active farmer group in carrying out livestock business and still uses chemical fertilisers and pesticides in its agricultural cultivation process. Livestock waste generated from the business is currently not optimally utilised, even though it has the potential to be used as a base material for making solid and liquid organic fertiliser. The Community Service Activity (PKM) in Poboya Village aims to provide motivation, solutions and increase knowledge, understanding, and skills to farmer groups in the utilisation and manufacture of cow urine waste into environmentally friendly liquid organic fertiliser through a fermentation process. The methods applied in this PKM activity include a) Providing Material / Counselling; b) Training and Assistance; c) Demonstration Stages; d) Indicators of Success; e) Monitoring and Evaluation. The results of the activities carried out went well in accordance with the expected target objectives. There was a significant increase in participants' understanding, knowledge and skills by 98%. This can be seen from the enthusiasm during the activity process and after the activity ends through monitoring and evaluation. The use of cow urine waste into liquid organic fertiliser is an alternative effort to reduce farmers' dependence on the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Abstrak Kelompok Tani Taruna Mas Kelurahan Poboya Kota Palu merupakan kelompok tani aktif dalam melaksanakan usaha peternakan dan masih menggunakan pupuk serta pestisida kimia dalam proses budidaya pertaniannya. Limbah peternakan yang dihasilkan dari usaha tersebut saat ini belum termanfaatkan secara optimal, padahal berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan pupuk organik padat dan cair. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) di Kelurahan Poboya bertujuan untuk memberikan motivasi, solusi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman, serta kecakapan kepada kelompok tani dalam pemanfaatan dan pembuatan limbah urin sapi menjadi pupuk organik cair yang ramah lingkungan melalui proses fermentasi. Adapun metode yang diterapkan dalam kegiatan PKM ini meliputi a) Pemberian Materi/Penyuluhan; b) Pelatihan dan Pendampingan; c) Tahapan Demonstrasi; d) Indikator Keberhasilan; e) Monitoring dan Evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan yang dilaksanakan berjalan baik sesuai dengan target tujuan yang diharapkan. Terjadi peningkatan pemahaman, pengetahuan serta keterampilan peserta yang signifikan sebesar 98%. Hal ini terlihat dari antusias selama proses kegiatan berlangsung serta setelah kegiatan berakhir melalui monitoring dan evaluasi. Pemanfaatan limbah urin sapi menjadi pupuk organik cair merupakan sebuah alternatif upaya dalam mengurangi ketergantungan petani terhadap penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida kimia. PENDAHULUAN Fenomena yang hingga saat ini terjadi dan masih banyak dijumpai di lapangan dalam proses budidaya tanaman adalah ketergantungan petani terhadap penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida kimia (an organik). Walaupun harga pupuk kimia yang semakin hari semakin melambung tinggi serta sulit untuk diperoleh justru tidak menyurutkan niat sebagian besar petani untuk menggunakan pupuk tersebut dalam budidaya pertaniannya. Ketergantungan, aplikasinya yang praktis serta
... Testing the morphological characteristics of the colony which included color, form, elevation, and edge were the characterization procedures [13]. The bacteria that were presumptive on B. glumae as described by Aflaha et al. [6], Coenye and Vandamme [14], and Singh and Vishunavat [15] were chosen to perform physiological characterization. ...
Bacterial Grain Rot caused by Burkholderia glumae is an important disease of rice. In South Sulawesi, this seed-borne pathogen has been detected in several places. There were some reports from the farmers regarding rice yield loss due to this disease. This study aimed to isolate and characterize morpho-physiologically bacterium causing grain rot of rice in the main rice-producing areas of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. Samples were obtained from 10 districts. Several grains of rice were isolated and grown in King’s B medium. Morphological characteristics were determined by the color, form, edge, and elevation of colonies. KOH solubility, catalase test, anaerobic growth, toxoflavin production assay, production of fluorescent pigment, and colony color on YDC medium were performed to determine physiological characteristics. 1 isolate from each area was found which has similar morphological traits to B. glumae . Colonies that were yellow, yellowish white, creamy white, and grayish white, with a circular form, entire edge, and convex elevation. The result of physiological characterization showed that all isolates tested positive for KOH solubility and catalase test as well. All isolates showed negative reactions for anaerobic growth, production of fluorescent pigment, and colony color on YDC medium. 5 isolates were able to produce yellow pigment (toxoflavin), so it can be concluded that all of the isolates that have been characterized morpho-physiologically are presumably confirmed as B. glumae .
... The structure of the cell wall was the cause of this variation. Grampositive bacteria have peptidoglycan-based cell walls, whereas, Gram-negative bacteria have lipid-based cell walls (Sudewi et al., 2020). ...
Phosphate-solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are crucial in increasing soil fertility and restoring soil properties damaged by salinity and other abiotic environmental factors. The presented study aims to explore and identify the morphological characteristics of phosphate-solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in saline soil. This study took place from August until November 2022 in the field and laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. Isolation of potential microbes proceeded to characterize phosphate-solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Sampling began with the soil planted with rice and palm oil at the sampling location. Morphological parameters observed were color, form, margin, surface, and elevation of pure colonies. The result showed that exploring various species in saline soil revealed 19 colonies and 14 cells of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 16 colonies and 14 cells of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The pure colonies of the phosphate-solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed differences in the morphological characteristics, i.e., color, form, margin, surface, and elevation. The potential microbes obtained sought to increase soil fertility and crop production.
... The physiological characterization of bacteria was carried out by several tests, including: the gram test using 3% KOH solution and bacterial gram staining (Mu'minah et al. 2015;Begum et al. 2017); the oxidase test used Sigma strip oxidase contains plastic strips with a paper zone saturated with a solution of N,N-dimethyl-1,4phenylene diamine and alpha-naphthol, catalase test (Sudewi et al. 2020); oxidation fermentation test, tolerance test for temperature conditions of 37-40°C and acid using 5% NaCl, fried egg colony test on PDA media (Thakkar et al. 2016); sensitivity test to 15 µg erythromycin antibiotic (Kanzil et al. 2015), and fluorescent pigment production using King's B media (Nepali et al. 2018). In addition, enzyme activity tests were conducted on the ability of bacteria to produce enzymes: protease, lecithinase, and pectolytic enzymes, following the methods of Boluk et al. (2021), Thakur et al. (2021) and Kumvinit and Akarapisan (2019). ...
Morpho-physiological and molecular characteristics of bacteria causing stalk rot disease on corn in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1749-1758. Stalk rot disease was observed in corn in Gorontalo with typical symptoms, such as soft rot on the stalk, leaf wilting, and plant death. This study aimed to characterize the bacteria causing stalk rot disease in corn. Samples of infected plants were collected and identified morphologically, physiologically, and molecularly. The results showed that nine bacterial isolates were isolated from infected plants. All nine isolates showed positive hypersensitive responses on tobacco leaves. In comparison, only two bacterial isolates (BGO1 and BGO4) were positive on pathogenicity tests on corn. However, the BGO4 isolate caused the highest disease incidence with a faster incubation period. The BGO4 isolate was gram-negative with white-gray colored colonies. Physiological characterization of BGO4 also showed: positive catalase and indole, oxidase negative, fermentative oxidation, caused soft rot on potato, non-fluorescent, and sensitive to erythromycin. In addition, it can grow at 37-40°C and 5% NaCl, producing protease and lecithinase enzymes. The BGO4 also isolates infected rice, corn, sorghum, foxtail millet, celery, and Aloe vera. Morpho-physiology characteristics and diagnostic amplification of DNA by PCR using the Dickeya-specific primers (ADE1/ADE2) showed that the isolate belongs to the genus Dickeya. Further molecular characterization by analysis of the 16S rDNA using universal primer 27F/1497R successfully amplified the DNA band of BGO4 isolate measuring ±1300 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it was in the same group as Dickeya zeae strain MS32 from Taiwan, strain DZ15SB01 (Thailand), and strain HNJF02 (China), with the coefficient of genetic distance ranging from 0.001 to 0.002. This study is the first report of D. zeae infecting corn in Gorontalo.
... Some research has demonstrated that PGPB can be effective in increasing the production of phytohormones (e.g., auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins) (Sudewi et al. 2020). The production of some phytohormones, such as ABA, by PGPB can be due to aquaporin upregulation under stress conditions (Krishnamoorthy et al. 2022). ...
Seed coating is considered one of the best methods to promote sustainable agriculture where the physical and physiological properties of seeds can be improved to facilitate planting, increase growth indices and alleviate abiotic and biotic stresses. Several methods of seed coating are used to attain good application uniformity and adherence in the seed coating process. Seed coating has been tested in seeds of various plant species with different dimensions, forms, textures, and germination types. Plant beneficial microorganisms (PBM), such as rhizobia, bacteria, and fungi inoculated via seed inoculation can increase seed germination, plant performance and tolerance across biotic (e.g., pathogens and pests) and abiotic stress (e.g., salt, drought, and heavy metals) while reducing the use of agrochemical inputs. In this review, the microbial seed coating process and their ability to increase seed performance and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses are well discussed and highlighted in sustainable agricultural systems.
... Gram-positive bacteria have thick and rigid cell walls because they are composed of peptidoglycan with more composition than Gram-negative bacteria have thin cell walls, so the Potassium Hydroxide used in the test will more easily break down the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. Sudewi et al. 2020). The catalase test on bacterial isolates found that 15 isolates reacted positively and one isolate reacted negatively. ...
Ratnawati, Sudewi S, Jaya K, Saleh AR. 2022. Microbial exploration from two different ecosystems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6089-6096. A supportive growing environment and the presence of microbes in the soil are considered good habitats for plant growth. Endophytic microbes live in symbiosis (mutual benefit) with their host plants, both in the stem and root tissues of plants, providing defense services in biotic and abiotic stress situations. This study was aimed to identify various microbes that exist in various agricultural cultivation ecosystems in Central Sulawesi. Microbial sampling was obtained from healthy plant tissues (endophytes) and rhizosphere in lowland rice and shallot plantation ecosystems. The sample obtained was then weighed as much as 5 g and surface sterilized for further isolation by serial dilution method to be spread on NA (Nutrient Agar) media for bacteria, and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) for fungi. The microbes that had grown were re-isolated to obtain pure isolate culture of microbes. The results showed that 8 isolates from the rhizosphere and 4 isolates as endophytes in the ecosystem of organic rice fields were recorded. The fungal isolates from the shallot plantation "Lembah Palu" found as many as 12 isolates from rhizosphere and 4 isolates as endophytes. The results of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on fungal isolates identified as the species of Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Gliocladium and Aspergillus.
