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Dam projects require comprehensive studies and a careful implementation process; thus, the causes of the possible failure, during the construction or operation of dams, should be thoroughly investigated. Specifically, geotechnical analysis of seepage, static stability, and seismic stability is essential to be evaluated. Earthquakes shaking imposes...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... dam consists of shells constructed of sand-gravel soils, 8 m inclined clay core, and two layers of filters, as presented in Fig.2. The main properties of the earth fill materials are presented in Table 1. The maximum storage level is 131.5 m [25][26][27][28]. ...Context 2
... dam consists of shells constructed of sand-gravel soils, 8 m inclined clay core, and two layers of filters, as presented in Fig.2. The main properties of the earth fill materials are presented in Table 1. The maximum storage level is 131.5 m [25][26][27][28]. ...Similar publications
Sri Lanka was historically not known to be situated in a seismic hotspot. However, in 2022, the island nation experienced seven earthquakes, and in the past few months of 2023, nine seismic tremors have occurred. This marks a significant increase as typically 2–3 seismic events were reported annually. As the seismic activity in the region gains att...
The issue of slope stability in earthquakes has become increasingly prominent with the construction of many infrastructure projects such as highways, bridges, and tunnels. To explore the dynamic response characteristics of bedding rock slopes in an earthquake, the three-dimensional dynamic finite-difference method (TDD-FDM) in this study is used to...
This study aims to investigate the effects of fine content on the mechanical behavior of embankments constructed from volcanic soil subjected to rainfall and earthquake. To accomplish this purpose, a series of 1 g model experiments on slopes using Komaoka volcanic coarse-grained soils as materials was conducted with a spray nozzle and shaking table...
Natural freeze–thaw (FT) cycles and earthquakes are two key triggers for landslides in cold regions. However, investigations on their coupled effect are rare. In the current work, this coupled effect was investigated by shaking table tests of two slopes, namely a non-freeze–thaw (NFT) slope and a FT slope. Results indicate that the slope’s natural...
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Dam projects require comprehensive studies and a careful implementation process; thus, the causes of the possible failure, during the construction or operation of dams, should be thoroughly investigated. Specifically, geotechnical analysis of seepage, static stability, and seismic stability is essential to be evaluated. Earthquakes shaking imposes...
Citations
... The liquefaction of the reclaimed coral sand increased with a decrease in soil density and rise in sea water level (SWL). Sliding of the cofferdam was not clearly observed, as the geotextiles between soil layers demonstrated to be effective for enhancing slope stability (Aude et al., 2022). ...
Revetment breakwaters on reclaimed coral sand have demonstrated vulnerability to seismic damage during strong earthquakes, wherein soil liquefaction has been identified as a substantial contributor. Based on the results of three centrifuge shaking table tests, this study investigates the characteristic seismic response of revet-ment breakwater on reclaimed coral sand and the influence of soil liquefaction. The basic mechanical properties of reclaimed coral sand were measured using undrained triaxial and hollow cylinder torsional shear tests. The centrifuge test results indicate that liquefaction of coral sand can result in significant displacement and even failure of revetment breakwaters, encompassing: (a) tilting, horizontal displacement, and settlement of the crest wall; (b) seismic subsidence in the foundation and backfill. The liquefaction consequence of the reclaimed coral sand increased with a decrease in soil density and rise in sea water level (SWL). Post-earthquake rapid reinforcement measure via sandbags is found to be effective in limiting excess pore pressure buildup in foundation soil and structure deformation under a second shaking event. Based on the test results, the effectiveness of current simplified design procedures in evaluating the stability and deformation of breakwaters in coral sand is assessed. When substantial excess pore pressure generation and liquefaction occur within the backfill and foundation coral sand, the pseudo-static and simplified dynamic methods are inadequate in assessing the stability and deformation of the breakwater.
... Five sites were selected along the cross-section of the Euphrates River in the study area for the purpose of making measurements and samples [16][17][18]. Data of the width of the river, water depth, flow velocity, bedload, suspended load, bed material particle size, and water temperature for the Euphrates River at the study area were done for five sites along the river cross-section every month for four-month from Feb./2019 to Jon./2019. The total width of the river was divided into five sections, starting from the left bank of the river, with distances as follows: 40m, 50m, 50m, 50m, and 40m. ...
... Some engineering projects may need modification of problematic soils to obtain more suitable geotechnical properties. Organic soils are examples of problematic soils that may have high compressibility and low values of shear strength which is a major concern for engineers [1][2][3][4]. A variety of additives have been used to stabilize or improve strength and compressibility properties of organic soils. ...
Information technology plays a key role in the biopharmaceutical field, especially in data management, system security, laboratory management systems (LIMS), and the various technology platforms that support clinical trials. IT specialists not only provide infrastructure support, but are also responsible for driving technological innovation and accelerating the drug discovery process.
Big Data and Data Analytics: IT specialists help manage massive amounts of research data, ensuring that it is secure, compliant, and can be analyzed effectively. This is critical for biopharmaceutical companies when working on new drugs.
Automation & Chemistry: By introducing automated processes and advanced analytics tools, IT experts help efficiently optimize workflows from early-stage research to clinical trials.
... According to S. Mahmood et al. (2022) [4], the Makhoul Dam, a massive zonal dam that is now being built on the Tigris River in northern Iraq, was numerically modeled using finite element methods to examine seepage, slope stability, and liquefaction. Due to high pore water pressure, piping, and soil liquefaction, earthquake shakings impose extra hysteric and short-term pressures that may cause dam failure. ...
Aims
We are researching causes and criteria for the liquefaction dam failure by analyzing the safety of the dam under static and dynamic loads against shear failure using the finite element technique, which is used to simulate stability assessment for selected earth dams under different loading conditions.
Background
Storage Massive earth dams are vulnerable to collapse during earthquakes, which can have severe effects ranging from direct human casualties to indirect economic losses. How seismically fragile earth dams are and what issues may arise from a failure depend on how they respond to earthquakes. Slope failure, piping, displacement, and/or settlement are examples of seismic responses that are caused by weak soil and/or the liquefaction of loose sands. Earth dam failure can be caused by a variety of factors, including seepage through the dam body, hydraulic issues, structural instability, and liquefaction failure brought on by earthquakes.
Objective
The objective of this study is to find a way to design of earth-fill dams.
Methods
The finite element method is a numerical solution. This method is based on a grid pattern (not necessarily rectangular) which divides the flow region into discrete elements and provides N equations with N unknowns. Material properties, such as permeability, are specified for each element, and boundary conditions (heads and flow rates) are set. The finite element method has several advantages over the finite difference method for more complex seepage problems.
Results
The Lower San Fernando Dam is dangerous under dynamic loads, and the F.O.S. values for the upstream and downstream directions are 0.264 and 0.183, respectively. 1350 m ² is the Lower San Fernando Dam's liquefaction area. 40.67% of the Lower San Fernando Dam's overall foundation area is represented by that figure. Tapar (India) dam is hazardous due to slope failure under dynamic loads, and the F.O.S. values for the upstream and downstream directions are 0.5 and 0.109, respectively. Tapar Dam in India has a liquefaction area of 457 m ² . This amount equals 52.33 percent of the Tapar (India) dam's entire foundation area. The slope failure under dynamic loads and the F.O.S. values of 0.313 and 0.548 for the slopes of the river upstream and downstream of Fatehgadh dam (India), respectively, lead to the conclusion that it is dangerous. 333.5 m ² is the size of the liquefaction area of the Fatehgadh dam in India. The foundation area of the Fatehgadh (India) dam as a whole is represented by that figure at 78.75%. Saluda Dam in Columbia is an unsafe slope failure under dynamic loads, and the F.O.S. values for the upstream and downstream directions are 0.102 and 0.101. Saluda Dam in Columbia has a 32095 m ² liquefaction area. This value represents 32.96% of the Saluda Dam's total foundation area (Columbia).
Conclusion
Conclusions state that 32.96% of the minimum liquefaction zone area is what causes liquefaction failure. Under the effect of seismic stresses, a safe design standard for storage earth dams is produced. The evaluation must also take into account the specifications for safety limitations based on global norms, regulations, and codes. examining the dam safety requirements for dynamic loads.
This study evaluates the static and seismic stability of the Narasimharaya Sagar (Gorukallu Balancing Reservoir) earthen dam, located in India’s seismically active Zone II. Using GeoStudio software, seepage, slope stability, and liquefaction analyses were conducted to assess the dam’s performance under static and dynamic conditions. Static analysis revealed factors of safety above permissible limits, ensuring stability under normal conditions. Seismic analysis, incorporating ground shaking with a peak acceleration of 0.1 g, highlighted significant displacements (0.984 m) and a reduced factor of safety (FOS) (1.279), approaching the allowable threshold. Liquefaction zones were identified, particularly in the back shell, indicating a high vulnerability to seismic‐induced shear strength loss. To address these risks, geosynthetic reinforcements were applied, with optimized configurations (horizontal layers, 4 m vertical spacing, 20 m length) improving the FOS to 1.503. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of geosynthetics in mitigating soil liquefaction and enhancing seismic resilience, providing a robust framework for improving the safety of earthen dams in earthquake‐prone regions.
... The study area spanned 575 km from Tabqa Dam to Haditha Dam along the Euphrates River. Large earthen dams, including the Tabqa and Haditha dams, may be exposed to failure or collapse due to natural factors such as earthquakes or heavy rains at the catchments upstream of the dam area or due to military or sabotage actions near the dam area [21]. These two possibilities have been exposed to the areas of the two dams during the recent period. ...
This paper presents a comprehensive method to estimate the feasibility of constructing small hydropower dams by incorporating an analysis of the physical characteristics of the study area using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and a frequency analysis based on a large amount of reliable rainfall data for an arid area, specifically in the Western Desert of Iraq. The analysis was conducted on the three largest valleys in the region, namely Horan, Al-Gadaf, and Al-Ubyad. The potential hydropower system, a small hydropower turbine set up on the bottom outlet of a small dam that operates as a penstock, includes developing water-harvesting systems in the dams in these valleys that can distribute water for agricultural and domestic purposes in the local community. The average expected head for dams in the study area is low, i.e. between 1.6 m and 31.5 m, while the median and mode are 11.5 m and 14 m, respectively. A return period-power generated curve is developed to demonstrate the probability and potential energy that can be generated. The potential hydropower based on rainfall in a (100-year return period) is 30 MW, 5.8 MW, and 4.3 MW for the Horan, Al-Ubyad, and Al-Gadaf catchment areas, respectively. Theoretically, these small hydropower plants are capable of serving up to 30,000 houses in the Horan catchment. Horan valley has the highest potential owing to its high storage capacity and large slope in the mainstream of the catchment and because the catchment area lies within the upper rainfall line in the western region of Iraq. Overall, the hydropower plants bring significant benefits to the area, including a constant water supply for domestic and agricultural uses, which would support the economic and social development of the region.
Examining river engineering properties and bed erosion is one of the most challenging but crucial issues in river engineering and sediment hydraulics, so preventing erosion and sedimentation is one of the primary goals of river management and prediction of river behavior. This research aims to give hydraulic engineers and decision-makers an accurate and dependable sediment transport equation that could be utilized to govern river engineering and modify river morphology. This study evaluated the carried sediments and their estimated quantity upstream of the Ramadi Barrage on the Euphrates River in the Anbar area of western Iraq. Six formulas, including Yang, Shen, Hung, Ackers and White, Engelund and Hansen, and Bagnold's and Toffaleti's, were used to evaluate the applicability of sediment transport in the study area. The performance of these models was assessed based on the precision of the actual sediment load relative to a specified deviation ratio. The analyses indicated that the Engelund-Hansen formula is the most applicable for this section of the river; that concludes, field data indicated an annual total sediment flow of roughly 1, 536, 337 tons.
