Fig 2 - uploaded by Saresh N V
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Soil health is soil capability to operate as living systems, which sustain productivity of biological components, quality of environment, and health of animal and plant. Around the globe food policy-makers' the utmost concern was producing of food in enough quantity including quality to meet the requirements of a burgeoning population. Given the gr...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... tree species have capacity to conserve moisture by adding leaf litter in and above ground and enhance soil fertility in agroforestry systems; legumes are also effective for promotion of soil fertility (Das & Chaturvedi 2008;Yadav et al. 2008). Systematic diagram of agroforestry enhances soil fertility is depicted in figure 2 and Table 2. ...
Similar publications
Water quality is an important variable in food production. Protection of water quality is an important management measure for improving the productivity of food production systems such as agriculture, horticulture and aquaculture. In aquaculture, a variation in water quality may lead to a complete loss of production. Hence aquaculture farmers are a...
Citations
... The coastal areas of northern Jiangsu have severely salinized soils and low levels of soil quality, which require high plant adaptations(Rahman et al., 2021). Meanwhile, agroforestry complex systems dominated by suitable trees and crops have the potential to adapt to the background soil environment(Parewa et al., 2018).Besides, agroforestry complex systems constructed through spatial combinations of plants, especially under different management patterns, can sustainably improve certain soil properties, highlighting the role of diverse root systems and plant residue accumulation(Gu et al., 2019;Stocker et al., 2020). Changes in soil structure by different agroforestry systems were evident. ...
Agroforestry, as a phytoremediation measure, shows great potential for mitigating land degradation by constructing multidimensional and efficient agroforestry composite systems through regulating the microenvironment of agroforestry sites and improving soil properties. However, the effects of different agroforestry composite management modes on saline soils and the interactions between soil–plant systems under salt stress conditions in coastal areas remain largely unexplored. In this study, two salt‐tolerant tree species (Sapium sebiferum (Linn.) Roxb and Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino) and four crop species (Medicago sativa, Sesbania cannabina, Sorghum bicolour, and Avena sativa) were selected for intercropping in eight composite patterns via field experiments, with dynamics of soil physicochemical properties and crop photosynthesis observed. The results showed that treatments intercropped with M. sativa had the highest soil bulk density range (1.41–1.48 g cm⁻³). The dynamics of topsoil (0–10 cm) chemical properties showed similar change patterns among treatments, whereas those of the 10–40 cm soil chemical properties (especially soil pH, soil organic matter [SOM], and total nitrogen [TN]) showed heterogeneity. Moreover, planting S. sebiferum (L.) Roxb under the same crop conditions increased tree height growth rate and survival rate by 75%–114% and 14%–33%, respectively, relative to planting Z. serrata (T.) Makino. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between soil moisture with crop intercellular CO2 concentration (λ = −0.77), while significant positive correlations were found between crop net photosynthetic rate (Pn) with soil TN (λ = 0.71), as well as SOM with atmospheric CO2 content (λ = 0.72). Structural equation modeling showed significant direct effects between tree height growth rate with soil TN and SOM. Soil moisture (λ = 0.47) and tree height growth rate (λ = 0.53) were dominant drivers of crop Pn. Our findings provide useful information for the prevention of coastal saline soil degradation and sustainable development of agroforestry.
... Residual effects of manure or compost application on crop yield and soil properties can last for several years [125,126] due to a slow, long-term mineralization process. There is evidence that the diversification of the cropping system, such as mixed and intercropping, diversification of plant species, together with permanent soil cover and minimum soil mechanical disturbance, improves biodiversity [127,128], prevents losses of arable land, increases soil quality, and preserves water resources [129,130]. ...
The European Parliament has recently passed the “Nature Recovery” law to restore degraded ecosystems and prevent natural disasters as part of its “Biodiversity Strategy 2030” and “Green Deal”. In this respect, wetlands can provide a wide range of ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation, hydrological land protection, provision of products, cultural and recreational benefits, and many others. However, they are still threatened by the expansion of agricultural land, overexploitation of water resources, water pollution, climate change, etc. Wetland conservation, however, is essential and requires coordinated action by managers, policymakers, stakeholders, and scientists. A systemic planning and design process is required to address these complex challenges. This research aims to outline an integrated, comprehensive, and well-structured planning framework for wetland systems that can be applied to different wetland types, in line with institutional wetland policy, governance, and management. The methodological approach developed in this study aims to integrate a longer-term strategy plan with a shorter-term action plan by combining the Yeomans scale of permanence and the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response model. This innovative approach was applied to a specific case study and may guide further wetland planning in the future. The Nominal Group Technique was used, a consensus method aimed at achieving a general agreement and convergence of opinion. An expert group of seven members with different technical backgrounds was engaged and expert consultation was found to be a simple and rapid technique for carrying out wetland planning. The expert judgements were sound, consistent, and did not overlap (i.e., were not redundant). “Pressures” and “Impacts” were identified by the experts and clustered according to corresponding “States” and “Drivers”. Expert scoring allowed the resulting “Responses” to be ranked in terms of their relevance and influence on the development of the wetland strategy and action plan, while a priority order for their implementation was assessed according to the Yeomans scale of permanence. Agriculture was the highest rated ‘Driver’; similarly, Biodiversity (habitats and species) was the ‘State’ with the highest score. Therefore, their combination (agriculture and biodiversity) should be considered as the strategic cornerstone of the whole planning framework. This means designing and implementing a system in which agriculture and nature (in our case a wetland) are allied ecological systems in mutual compensation, according to the way natural elements are embedded in the agricultural system. A collection of factsheets containing the full list of responses considered in the Wetlands Action Plan, with detailed operational actions, is provided in the Appendixes.
... There is evidence that the diversification of land use in agroecological agriculture systems (AAS) such as polyculture, natural cover, and agroforestry improve the biodiversity (Barral et al., 2015;Kazemi et al., 2018), quality of soil and preserves water resources (Hanuman Prasad et al., 2018;Pavlidis & Tsihrintzis, 2018). Thus, agroecology is considered a win-win solution that conciliates food production with regeneration and conservation of ecosystems. ...
In the present study, foodomics approach was employed to investigate changes in the metabolism from the volatile terpenoids profile of mint (Mentha x gracillis Sole) from conventional, organic and permaculture (a type of agroecological agriculture system) farms using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) associated to gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemometric tools. The discrimination among the three types of mint was successfully achieved and demonstrated evidence of ecological interaction impact in the food metabolism. The agroecological mint presented as differential compounds: α-terpineol, bornyl formate, cis-carvyl propionate, cis-carveol, camphor, dihydrocarvyl acetate, dihydrocarveol, karahanaenone, nonanal, 3-octyl acetate, and trans-3-hexenyl-2 methylbutyrate. While organic and conventional mint presented as differential compounds: α-cedrene, β -pinene, γ-muurolene, δ-cadinene, germacrene, terpinolene, and elemol. The majority of differential metabolites from agroecological mint are oxygenated monoterpenes, which have more intense flavor and biological activities than hydrocarbons monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes found in organic and conventional mint. Furthermore, the discrimination between organic and conventional mint was effectively performed, which demonstrated different terpenoid profiles though without implying benefits for one or another agriculture system.
... If C from CO 2 is stored in soil it will help to reduce its emission to atmosphere which implies C sequestration in soil (Lal, 2004). Soil management practices such as reduced tillage, manuring, residue incorporation, agroforestry, improving soil biodiversity, micro aggregation, and mulching can play important roles in sequestering carbon in soil (Parewa et al., 2018). Some technologies such as intermittent drying/ drainage, alternate wetting and drying site-specific N management minimises the GHG emissions (Chidthaisong et al., 2018;Khosla et al., 2002). ...
... If C from CO 2 is stored in soil it will help to reduce its emission to atmosphere which implies C sequestration in soil (Lal, 2004). Soil management practices such as reduced tillage, manuring, residue incorporation, agroforestry, improving soil biodiversity, micro aggregation, and mulching can play important roles in sequestering carbon in soil (Parewa et al., 2018). Some technologies such as intermittent drying/ drainage, alternate wetting and drying site-specific N management minimises the GHG emissions (Chidthaisong et al., 2018;Khosla et al., 2002). ...
... If C from CO 2 is stored in soil it will help to reduce its emission to atmosphere which implies C sequestration in soil (Lal, 2004). Soil management practices such as reduced tillage, manuring, residue incorporation, agroforestry, improving soil biodiversity, micro aggregation, and mulching can play important roles in sequestering carbon in soil (Parewa et al., 2018). Some technologies such as intermittent drying/ drainage, alternate wetting and drying site-specific N management minimises the GHG emissions (Chidthaisong et al., 2018;Khosla et al., 2002). ...
The change in land use as well as elevation changes microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water extractable organic carbons (WOC), which are important parameters of soil fertility and essential for sustainable management of any land use. In Central Himalaya watershed (2B4D6) the land use pattern varies with elevation. The present study aims to examine the soils (0-30 cm depth) of different land uses i.e. agroforestry, silvipastoral and grassland for microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC along the elevation. Microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC contents varied significantly (less than 0.005) among land uses and it increased along the elevation. Maximum microbial biomass C and N was recorded in agroforestry, silvipastoral and minimum in grassland. While, WOC highest in silvipasture, agroforestry and grassland. Land uses along elevation had strong positive correlation with microbial biomass C, N and WOC. Thus it is concluded that microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC changes significantly (less than 0.05) in different land uses and along elevation gradient.
Globally, sustainable agricultural systems must be better understood as evidenced by concerns about food security, environmental degradation, and climate change. The demand for food and goods is increasing with rise in population while the productivity of land is declining all over the world. It is predicted that 25% of the world’s lands are either highly deteriorated or prone to rapid degradation. Approximately, 12 million hectares of land are degraded every year worldwide due to land degradation. The functioning of soil ecosystems depends mainly on soil biodiversity and soil organic matter content. Inappropriate land use practices, such as deforestation, crop residue clearance, overgrazing, extensive mechanical tillage, and irrigation, are the main factors that contribute to soil nutrient losses and land degradation. Lack of organic matter reduces soil fertility, which ultimately results in reduced agricultural production. There are 175 million acres of degraded land in India. The world’s population is expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, which will necessitate a 60% increase in food production. Many conventional methods have been recommended for preserving soil fertility among which agroforestry is a potential system with multiple benefits. The woody perennial in agroforestry can supply nutritional inputs to crops through biological nitrogen fixation, deep capture, and storage of nutrients in their biomass. Tree roots take up different macro and micronutrients from deeper soil strata, which are then released into the top most layer of soil during the decomposition of roots and litter and have a potential utilization in providing nutrients to agricultural crops. As a land management strategy, agroforestry can simultaneously support household income, food security, soil biodiversity preservation, gender equality, and ecosystem services as well as address global issues such as climate change, global warming, and fulfilling the obligations of international agreements such as sustainable development goals (SDGs).
