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The process of Chlamydomonas bioproduct generation. Chlamydomonas cells can be cultivated in various conditions. Cultivation optimization is a crucial factor and involves processes such as strain selection, nutrient availability, temperature control, light intensity, salinity, and pH levels, which impact the algae's growth and productivity. After cultivation, the collected biomass and medium can then be processed as indicated to obtain the specified bioproducts.
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The extensive metabolic diversity of microalgae, coupled with their rapid growth rates and cost-effective production, position these organisms as highly promising resources for a wide range of biotechnological applications. These characteristics allow microalgae to address crucial needs in both the agricultural, medical, and industrial sectors. Mic...
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... example, in microalgae, some researchers have evaluated the effect of various carbon sources [105], pH variations [106], the photoperiods [107], as well as trace elements composition for biomass production [108]. Consequently, various approaches have been explored to optimize microalgae biomass enriched in specific biomolecules (Figure 2). The highest biomass concentration of Chlamydomonas obtained so far has been heterotrophically with acetate, reaching 23 g/l [109], far behind compared to other green algae that are able to consume glucose as a substrate, like Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp., for which biomass reached 271 g/L and 286 g/L respectively [110]. ...
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... is a carbonaceous material produced through the pyrolysis of biomass (Figure 2), which can be obtained from microalgae, agricultural residues, wood, or organic waste [111]. Biochar is characterized by its high porosity and specific surface area, making it useful for improving soil quality and carbon sequestration. ...
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... is a renewable energy source primarily composed of CH4, derived from the microbial anaerobic digestion of biomass obtained from various sources (Figure 2). The production of biogas involves multiple stages, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis, which are facilitated by a microbial consortium that plays a crucial role in influencing both the composition and yield of the biogas [160]. ...
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... production of the preceding bioproducts shares the common step of first obtaining biomass, and then extracting these compounds from it. Next, we will present some products that Chlamydomonas releases into the culture medium and therefore can be purified without needing to be extracted from the biomass, thereby reducing the economic cost of their production (Figure 2). A prominent example of this is hydrogen, that has emerged as one of the most promising energy carriers for future energy demands. ...
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The wide metabolic diversity of microalgae, their fast growth rates, and low-cost production make these organisms highly promising resources for a variety of biotechnological applications, addressing critical needs in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The use of microalgae in consortia with bacteria is proving valuable in several areas of biotec...
The extensive metabolic diversity of microalgae, coupled with their rapid growth rates and cost-effective production, position these organisms as highly promising resources for a wide range of biotechnological applications. These characteristics allow microalgae to address crucial needs in the agricultural, medical, and industrial sectors. Microalg...
Citations
Microalga–bacteria consortia are increasingly recognized for their effectiveness in wastewater treatment, leveraging the metabolic synergy between microalgae and bacteria to enhance nutrient removal and overall treatment efficiency. These systems offer a sustainable approach to addressing pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, their potential in removing specific contaminants like steroid hormones is less explored. In this study, a natural microbial consortium, A21, has been characterized and isolated from primary sewage treatment in Madrid and its potential for bioremediation of steroid hormone effluents has been evaluated. The A21 consortium includes Alphaproteobacteria genera Sphingopyxis and Pseudorhizobium and the Cyanobacterium Cyanobium. Sphingopyxis (31.78%) is known for biodegradation, while Pseudorhizobium (15.68%) exhibits detoxification abilities. Cyanobium (14.2%) may contribute to nutrient uptake and oxygen production. The effects of pH, nitrogen sources, and Sodium chloride concentrations on growth were evaluated. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be a pH range of 7 to 9, a salt concentration below 0.1 M, and the presence of a nitrogen source. The consortium also demonstrated effective growth across various types of wastewaters (primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment effluents). Additionally, A21 exhibited the ability to grow in the presence of steroids and transform them into other compounds, such as converting androstenedione (AD) into androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) and β-estradiol into estrone.
The wide metabolic diversity of microalgae, their fast growth rates, and low-cost production make these organisms highly promising resources for a variety of biotechnological applications, addressing critical needs in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The use of microalgae in consortia with bacteria is proving valuable in several areas of biotechnology, including the treatment of various types of wastewater, the production of biofertilizers, and the extraction of various products from their biomass. The monoculture of the microalga Chlamydomonas has been a prominent research model for many years and has been extensively used in the study of photosynthesis, sulphur and phosphorus metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, respiration, and flagellar synthesis, among others. Recent research has increasingly recognised the potential of Chlamydomonas–bacteria consortia as a biotechnological tool for various applications. The detoxification of wastewater using Chlamydomonas and its bacterial consortia offers significant potential for sustainable reduction of contaminants, while facilitating resource recovery and the valorisation of microalgal biomass. The use of Chlamydomonas and its bacterial consortia as biofertilizers can offer several benefits, such as increasing crop yields, protecting crops, maintaining soil fertility and stability, contributing to CO2 mitigation, and contributing to sustainable agricultural practises. Chlamydomonas–bacterial consortia play an important role in the production of high-value products, particularly in the production of biofuels and the enhancement of H2 production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of Chlamydomonas monoculture and its bacterial consortia to identify current applications and to propose new research and development directions to maximise their potential.
