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The political process inherent dynamics approach (PIDA) as an analytical framework for the explanation of environmental policy  

The political process inherent dynamics approach (PIDA) as an analytical framework for the explanation of environmental policy  

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Context 1
... approach originates from early considerations on institutional theory by Larry Kiser and Elinor Ostrom (1983), and it conceives of the interaction between the actions of political actors and the influence institutions have on it as a central explanatory factor. Other factors employed for the analysis of environmental policy include problem structures, the spectrum of alternative measures and situa- tional aspects (see Figure 2) as additional explanatory factors. Up to that point, this approach does not differ greatly from other approaches that combine actors and institutions, like for example, actor-centred institu- tionalism (Mayntz/Scharpf 1995). ...
Context 2
... substantial difference is that an understanding of political processes underlies the approach, that, as does the MSA, assumes that the inherent process dynamics and chance are important driving forces for environmental policy. Figure 2 illustrates the central assumptions of PIDA. At the centre of the political process are actors and their activities. ...
Context 3
... the centre of the political process are actors and their activities. These are influenced by institutional frame- work conditions ("institutions" in Figure 2), available (instrumental) alternatives ("alternatives", in Figure 2), the concrete problem structures underlying political problems, and situational aspects. However, the interac- tion of the different factors develops in the environmental policy process unpredictable dynamics, at the end of which policies are generated, the effect of which can again have a feedback effect on the environmental policy process. ...
Context 4
... the centre of the political process are actors and their activities. These are influenced by institutional frame- work conditions ("institutions" in Figure 2), available (instrumental) alternatives ("alternatives", in Figure 2), the concrete problem structures underlying political problems, and situational aspects. However, the interac- tion of the different factors develops in the environmental policy process unpredictable dynamics, at the end of which policies are generated, the effect of which can again have a feedback effect on the environmental policy process. ...
Context 5
... risk was real but unclear for individual cases, and this was at a time when the EC was not yet capable of adopting its own product regulations. A similar mechanism can also be observed at an international level: Given the real but ultimately unclear risk that national importation restrictions could vio- late the WTO's free trade regime and would therefore fail in a court of arbitration, and the risk of a failure of a global forest convention at the UN level, in the early 90s different forces (environmental organisations, private enterprises, and nation states) pushed through the creation of voluntary certification schemes, e.g., the Forest Stewarship Council (Bartley 2003: 447f.). Institutions, then, have inner dynamics that have an effect on political processes and that do not mainly, or only, aim to find solutions to ecological problems. ...

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... For the case of wind, the model calculations clearly showed the disadvantages of not including wind turbines in the system. Wind energy is comparably cheap and land-efficient, but technology options (and political instruments) are not politically neutral and can be preferred or rejected based on party politics, values, and ideologies (Böcher, 2012;Böcher and Töller, 2015). ...
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„Glück und Gesundheit“ – die beiden Begriffe fallen häufig in einem Atemzug. Gesund zu bleiben bedeutet, nicht zu erkranken. Doch wer übernimmt dafür die Verantwortung? Oder ist es pures Glück, gesund oder krank zu sein? Abgesehen von vielen Fällen, in den tatsächlich auch auf Basis aktueller Forschung ungeklärt ist, wie es zur Entstehung bestimmter Erkrankungen kommt, gibt es ein breites Spektrum an Krankheiten, für die Maßnahmen zur Prävention oder Gesundheitsförderung bekannt und erprobt sind. Diese könnten dann zumindest in einem größeren Teil der Fälle dabei helfen, die Krankheit zu vermeiden. Daneben sind wir jeden Tag verschiedenen Einflüssen ausgesetzt, die sich auf unsere Gesundheit auswirken können: Faktoren in der Umwelt, in unserer Lebens-, Arbeits- und Wohnsituation genauso wie soziale oder psychische Aspekte, die sich in unterschiedlicher Weise gesundheitsfördernd oder -schädigend niederschlagen können. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, welche Rolle politische Entscheidungen spielen – zunächst klingt es möglicherweise „weit weg“, weil es doch um sehr individuelle und persönliche Lebensumstände geht. Doch bei genauerem Hinsehen können politische Entscheidungen die Voraussetzung dafür schaffen, dass sowohl physische als auch psychische Krankheiten vermieden werden können oder deren Ausbreitung vermindert wird. Das schauen wir uns genauer an.
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