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The pilot scale stratified downdraft gasifier: 1 – swirling air supply, 2 – propane flame flow injection, 3 – grate, 4 – sliding steel rod with a pointer, 5, 6 – orifices for thermocouples, 7 – orifices for gas analysis.
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The major goal of the research is to develop a stable, effective and controllable biomass gasification process and produce an environmentally friendly energy resource – fuel gas, which can be used in internal combustion engines for energy production. A pilot scale stratified downdraft gasifier has been developed with the aim to provide a controllab...
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This study examined the tar characteristic of wood pellet using a downdraft gasifier system. The wood pellet was used as a feedstock with a variation of moisture content between 2 to 6 wt. %. Tar sample was taken using the JP 2009-40885 method. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry and gravimetric analysis were used to identify and to analyze the ta...
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Citations
... According to research, carried out by [23] the co-gasification of wood and straw pellet can be controlled by varying the air supply rate into the gasifier, at constant additional heat energy. Under these conditions, there is an increase in CO and H 2 production with a limited production of ash and tars. ...
The global increase in world population is followed with a rise in waste generation and energy needs in various sectors. Organic waste, also known as biomass, is the most substantial contribution of the waste generation and it also can be utilized in energy generation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the syngas production from co-gasification using Renewable Densified Fuels (RDF) with gasification temperature, lower heating and gas emission values, on the performance of the biomass co-gasification process in an open-top downdraft fixed bed gasifier. In this study organic waste used woods, coconut fibers and rice husks in pellets to blend the compositions of raw materials during the co-gasification process. The method used is the co-gasification technique with feed pellets WCF (wood-coconut fiber) and RH (rice husk) in various compositions, for example: 100% WCF, with 0% of RH, 75 WCF: 25 RH, 50 WCF: 50RH, 25 WCF: 75RH and all 100% RH with 0WCF. Furthermore, the syngas testing was directly measured on the burner with TCD type Shimadzu 8A gas chromatography. The result showed that the highest reactor temperature in the pyrolysis zone is 700 °C–900 °C which was significantly stable at 800 °C with oxidation temperature of 1000 °C–1100 °C. Furthermore, the result of the synthetic gas showed that the highest lower heating value of 100% WCF pellet composition at 3.582 kJ/Nm³ and lower heating value of RDF blending composition (75:25) at 3.392 kJ/Nm³. The increase in pellet fuels also leads to a rise in the LHV syngas value. These results produced a visually low tar content and ash particles in all compositions by approximately 30–35% of the initial mass, with the lowest ash in 100% WCF pellets composition at 0.25 g.
... This indicates that the temperature pyrolysis zone is quite stable at that value. By Suzdalenko et al., at a temperature of 500-800 o C the pyrolysis area will produce the phenomenon of flaming pyrolysis [25]. Flaming pyrolysis is an event where most of the products of pyrolysis got a little supply of oxygen from the oxidation zone to produce a flame burning fuel-rich [26]. ...
... However the yields and the reaction rates vary in a wide spectrum. Suzdalenko et al. [3] investigated wood and wheat straw pellets as feedstock for a gasification process. The considered reaction mechanism consists three reaction steps to describe the gasification process to produce CO and H 2 as main products (the pyrolysis of biomass to char and volatile, and two reactions of char gasification, and volatile reforming). ...
... The other gas (water steam) is fed below the pyrolysis boat, so water participates only in gasification reactions. Equations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) show the reaction considered in the model. Reactions (4)(5)(6) are the same reactions applied in the work of Yan et al. [27]. ...
Biomass is of growing interest as a secondary energy source and can be converted to fuels with higher energy density especially by pyrolysis or gasification. Understanding the mechanism and the kinetics of biomass pyrolysis (thermal decomposition) and gasification (conversion of organic material to gases) could be the key to the design of industrial devices capable of processing vast amounts of biomass feedstock. In our work real product components obtained in pyrolysis were took into consideration as well as char and oil as lumped components, and the kinetic constants for a biomass model compound (cellulose) pyrolysis and gasification were identified based on a proposed simplified reaction mechanism within a compartment model structure. A laboratory scale reactor was used for the physical experiments containing consecutive fast pyrolysis and gasification stages using alkali metal (K) containing feedstock, which has a significant effect on the cellulose pyrolysis and gasification. The detailed model was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the unknown kinetic parameters were identified based on experimental data. The model was validated based on measurement data, and a good agreement was found. Based on the validated first principle model the optimal parameters were determined as 0.15 mL/min steam flow rate, and 4% K content.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2018, Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
... The use of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes as biomass fuel for power generation is being increasingly studied and could be an alternative solution to the problems related to them. These wastes can be availed as briquettes and pellets for use in combustion and gasification processes in power generation [1]. Suzdalenko et al. [1] estimated the effect of co-gasification of the biomass pellets (wood and straw) with gas on the thermal degradation of biomass. ...
... These wastes can be availed as briquettes and pellets for use in combustion and gasification processes in power generation [1]. Suzdalenko et al. [1] estimated the effect of co-gasification of the biomass pellets (wood and straw) with gas on the thermal degradation of biomass. Biomass fuels have various advantages, including producing oxygen from growing biomass crops, trapping of carbon dioxide by growing plants, and geographical flexibility. ...
The agricultural and other industrial wastes are increasing steadily and causing deterioration of environment. It is estimated that about 500 million tons of agricultural and agro-industrial residues are being generated annually in India. About 120 to 150 MT crop and forestry residues are available as surplus for energy generation after utilising as cattle feed, industrial raw material etc. The present study is focussed at evaluating the energy potential of various locally generated biomass wastes blended together forsustainable waste management and environmental protection. As an alternate fuel source, pellets made from biomass wastes not only conserve fossil fuels but also address the issue of waste disposal.
... By pelletizing wood and empty fruit bunches (EFB) residues, it is possible to introduce them in fixed bed gasification (Erlich et al., 2012). Transforming these biomass resources in pellets would bring along several advantages, both for the industry and for the people living in villages near the mills (Suzdalenko et al., 2011). The main purpose of this paper is to optimize the result of environmentally friendly and high gas producers with CO 2 levels and low tar during the pre-gasification, gasification and post-combustion processes. ...
Increasing energy demand, in line with the rate of population growth, is always followed by the pace of the waste dump. Where the largest percentage comes from organic waste, it is potentially utilized as raw material of biomass mixture for emission reduction efforts in fuel conversion from waste energy. The main objective of this paper is to study the characteristics of co-gasification, especially gasification temperature, lower heating value and gas emission, on the performance of the biomass gasification process in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier. In this study, organic waste used twigs, coconut fibers and rice husks in the pelletization as raw materials on the combustion technology Downdraft Gasifier. Methods were carried out by co-gasification techniques between WCF (wood-coconut fibers) pellet and rice husk on 100% pellet composition, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100% rice husk. Syngas testing is done with direct measurement on the burner with TCD type Shimadzu 8A gas chromatography. The highest reactor temperature in the pyrolysis zone was 400°C to 850°C and the temperature in the oxidation zone was 1000°C to 1200°C. The result of the synthetic gas testing obtained the highest lower heating value (LHV) in WCF 100% pellet composition at 4.07 MJ/Nm³ with 85% efficiency. The lower heating value of the lowest syngas in a 100% pellet composition was 2.99 MJ/Nm³, where the increase of WCF pellets will increase the LHV syngas value. This resulted in visually low tar content and low ash particles in all compositions of approximately 30 to 35% of the initial mass of each composition, with the lowest ash in 100% rice husk composition at 0.29 g.
... There are multiple options for feedstock, and efficient technologies for biomass processing. Suzdalenko et al. (2011) used wood, and wheat straw pellets as feedstock. They used one reaction for pyrolysis, two additional equations for carbon, resulting in CO and hydrogen. ...
Biomass is of growing interest as a secondary energy source. Biomass could be converted to energy especially by pyrolysis or gasification. Understanding the mechanism and the kinetics of biomass pyrolysis and gasification could be the key to the design of industrial devices capable of processing vast amounts of biomass feedstock. There are multiple reactions describing the decomposition of biomass to gaseous products and it is difficult to identify each of the reactions. Therefore reactions must be simplified; in general well identified reagents and products with different states (feedstock, tar, gas) are used for calculations, instead of using different compounds of real products. In our work real product compounds obtained from pyrolysis were used, and the kinetic constants for biomass pyrolysis and gasification were identified.
A laboratory scale reactor was used for the physical experiments containing consecutive fast pyrolysis and gasification stages.
The main aim of this research was to create a detailed and validated first principle model for the reactor system. In this study, a compartment modelling approach was used, where all compartments facilitate different reactions (pyrolysis, thermal, and catalytic gasification). With the identification of the model parameters (using PSO algorithm) a stable and validated model was created, which can be used for further optimisation studies. MATLAB was used for the creation of the compartment model, and Particle Swarm Optimisation was used for the kinetic parameter identification.
... mengevaluasi efek dari gasifikasi pelet biomassa (kayu dan jerami) dengan gas pada degradasi termal biomassa. Bahan bakar gas yang dihasilkan (campuran CO, H 2 , CH 4 ) dapat digunakan dalam pembakaran internal mesin untuk produksi listrik [25]. ...
The demand of renewable energy resources has been increasing. Briquette is one of the alternative energy resource which can be produced from utilization of biomass. This research aims to obtain a briquette from sugar palm frond, to obtain the effect of adhesive concentration of cassava starch and addition of lime on the quality of briquettes. This research used the batch method. Research variabels are the adhesive concentration of cassava starch in 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (w/w) and the addition of lime in 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% (w/w) based on the weight of char powder. General materials are sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) frond, cassava starch and lime, and the general tools are furnace, briquette printer, oven, moisture analyzer, universal testing machine and bomb calorimeter. Briquetting process was started with sugar palm fronds preparation then they’re carbonized at 350 oC for 2 hours. Product of carbonization as a charcoal which is added by a cassava starch adhesive and lime then they’re printed or shaped and dried to be a briquette. Analysis used is the proximate analysis of the test parameters moisture content, ash content, volatile combustion matter content, carbon content, calorific value and compressive strength. The best briquette is with adhesive concentration in 0% and addition of lime in 5% with the calorific value 6502,379 cal/g, 45,56% fixed carbon, 6,44% moisture, 18,00% ash, 30,00% volatile combustion matter and 59,141 kg/cm2 compressive strength.
... These wastes can be availed as briquettes and pellets for use in combustion and gasification processes in power generation. Suzdalenko et al. (2011) evaluated the effect of co-gasification of the biomass pellets (wood and straw) with gas on the thermal degradation of biomass. The fuel gas generated (mixture of CO, H 2 e CH 4 ) can be used in internal combustion engine for power production. ...
The banana culture wastes, leaf and pseudostem, can be used to produce briquettes as fuel for energy generation. The northern region of the Santa Catarina State in Brazil, more precisely in the Joinville city, presents a significant production of bananas, with a harvest of 24,300 t (2010/2011), with 900 hectares of planted area. From the total of harvested bananas 1.5 t of leaves and 2.5 t of pseudostem are generated per ton of produced banana. In this context, this article presents the preparation steps and characterization of banana wastes (leaves and pseudostem) for the production of briquettes. The wastes and briquettes were evaluated by chemical analysis, high heating value (HHV) as well as by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It was also evaluated the mechanical compressive strength of the briquettes. The moisture content in the wastes for briquetting must be between 8 and 15 %. The banana leaves and pseudostem showed carbon contents of 43.28 % and 38.92 %. The HHV of the leaves was approximately 17.10 MJ/kg and of the pseudostem it was about 13.70 MJ/kg. Under combustion, the wastes showed maximum release of energy at approximately 580 °C and briquettes at 300 °C. The briquettes of pseudostem and leaves presented compressive strength of 15 MPa and 5.3 Mpa, respectively. The thermal properties and physicochemical characteristics of these wastes demonstrate that they are potential candidates to produce briquettes as fuel in several applications.
... These wastes can be availed as briquettes and pellets for use in combustion and gasification processes in power generation. Suzdalenko et al. (2011) evaluated the effect of co-gasification of the biomass pellets (wood and straw) with gas on the thermal degradation of biomass. The fuel gas generated (mixture of CO, H 2 e CH 4 ) can be used in internal combustion engine for power production. ...
The banana culture wastes, leaf and pseudostem, can be used to produce briquettes as fuel for energy generation. The northern region of the Santa Catarina State in Brazil, more precisely in the Joinville city, presents a significant production of bananas, with a harvest of 24,300 t (2010/2011), with 900 hectares of planted area. From the total of harvested bananas 1.5 t of leaves and 2.5 t of pseudostem are generated per ton of produced banana. In this context, this article presents the preparation steps and characterization of banana wastes (leaves and pseudostem) for the production of briquettes. The wastes and briquettes were evaluated by chemical analysis, high heating value (HHV) as well as by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It was also evaluated the mechanical compressive strength of the briquettes. The moisture content in the wastes for briquetting must be between 8 and 15 %. The banana leaves and pseudostem showed carbon contents of 43.28 % and 38.92 %. The HHV of the leaves was approximately 17.10 MJ/kg and of the pseudostem it was about 13.70 MJ/kg. Under combustion, the wastes showed maximum release of energy at approximately 580 °C and briquettes at 300 °C. The briquettes of pseudostem and leaves presented compressive strength of 15 MPa and 5.3 Mpa, respectively. The thermal properties and physicochemical characteristics of these wastes demonstrate that they are potential candidates to produce briquettes as fuel in several applications.
Effects of wheat straw co-firing with gas (propane flame) and co-gasification/co-combustion with wood pellets on the development of thermo-chemical conversion of biomass pellets and on heat energy production were experimentally studied and analyzed with the aim to improve the gasification/combustion characteristics and the applicability of wheat straw as an alternative energy source for cleaner heat energy production. The results suggest that the wheat straw co-firing with propane provides an enhanced thermal decomposition of pellets with more complete combustion of volatiles increasing thus the heat output at thermo-chemical conversion of wheat straw and the produced heat energy per mass of burned wheat straw pellets. A similar improvement of the combustion characteristics is observed at co-gasification/co-combustion of wheat straw with wood pellets which have a different elemental composition and different heating values. As a result, adding wood to wheat straw pellets activates the thermal decomposition of the mixture and the combustion of volatiles ensuring the faster release, ignition and combustion of volatiles and improving the combustion characteristics thus providing cleaner heat energy production.
