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The nine planetary boundaries as safe operating space for humanity (based on Rockström et al. 12 ). B, Proposed boundary; C, Current status.
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The earth today is experiencing environmental conditions unprecedented in the history of the planet. Biodiversity is the basis of ecosystem services for human well-being. Reports indicate that the earth has indeed entered into a phase of mass extinction, and that the ecological footprint has substantially exceeded the biocapacity of the earth. It i...
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... have recog- nized nine such processes which require the setting up of critical thresholds: (i) climate change; (ii) rate of biodi- versity loss (terrestrial and marine); (iii) interference with the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; (iv) stratospheric ozone depletion; (v) ocean acidification; (vi) global freshwater use; (vii) change in land use; (viii) chemical pollution; and (ix) atmospheric aerosol loading. These boundaries define the safe operating space within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive ( Figure 5). According to Rockström et al. 12 , three of the earth-system processes -climate change, rate of biodiversity loss, and interference with the nitrogen cycle -have already ex- ceeded their boundaries, and several other boundaries may be crossed soon. ...
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Many mass extinctions of life in the sea and on land have been attributed to geologically rapid heating, and in the case of the Permian–Triassic and others, driven by large igneous province volcanism. The Siberian Traps eruptions raised ambient temperatures to 35–40°C. A key question is how massive eruptions during these events, and others, could h...
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... Among these issues, the loss of biological diversity stands out as one of the most severe environmental problems facing society today, having far exceeded safety thresholds [3]. Given this reality, education must play a fundamental role in addressing environmental issues, including biodiversity loss. ...
Natural disasters are becoming a serious global problem due to climate change and
environmental pollution. This problem is causing a loss of biological diversity, social
conflicts, economic crisis and damage to the health of the population. For all these
reasons, we propose a new paradigm for education and research, since research and
education must go hand in hand, as they are fundamental pillars for mitigating environ
mental problems. This study highlights a new educational model by using natural areas
as teaching spaces, with very positive results in learning after practical teaching in the
natural environment. A learning success rate of 100% was obtained for items 6, 7, 10, 12
and 13 related to Biosphere Reserves, while questions 1, 8, 11 and 17 show values close to
100, which are questions related to Natural and National Parks and Biosphere Reserves.
... Among these issues, the loss of biological diversity stands out as one of the most severe environmental problems facing society today, having far exceeded safety thresholds [3]. Given this reality, education must play a fundamental role in addressing environmental issues, including biodiversity loss. ...
Natural disasters are becoming a serious global problem due to climate change and environmental pollution. This problem is causing a loss of biological diversity, social conflicts, economic crisis and damage to the health of the population. For all these reasons, we propose a new paradigm for education and research, since research and education must go hand in hand, as they are fundamental pillars for mitigating environmental problems. This study highlights a new educational model by using natural areas as teaching spaces, with very positive results in learning after practical teaching in the natural environment. A learning success rate of 100% was obtained for items 6, 7, 10, 12 and 13 related to Biosphere Reserves, while questions 1, 8, 11 and 17 show values close to 100, which are questions related to Natural and National Parks and Biosphere Reserves.
... Additionally, it contributes to gender equality (SDG 5), health (SDG 3), access to clean water (SDG 6), sustainable energy solutions (SDG 7) and responsible agricultural production (SDG 12) (Anon., 2020a). To sum up, over 50 per cent of targets, out of 169 xed in SDGs, are directly related to environment (Singh, 2017). ...
Assessing land cover land use change (LCLU) in the Central Western Ghats, India is crucial for evaluating ecosystem degradation and environmental processes influenced by climatic and anthropogenic pressures. Despite widespread awareness of the links between biodiversity loss and human wellbeing, the species continue to disappear at an alarming rate. This study investigates the LCLUC dynamics over the past two decades (2002–2023) in Central Western Ghats, spanning an area of 10,419 km ² in Karnataka, India. The Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite imagery served as primary data sources, with Machine Learning Algorithm employed in the Google Earth Engine, a cloud-based platform, to classify images using a Random Forest classifier validated with 17,639 ground training points. The analysis revealed that, dense forest covered largest area (6926.31 ha) followed by open forest (1257.92 ha) and cropland (1195.73 ha). Agroforest and waterbody occupied 249.65 ha and 265.18 ha, respectively, while built-up areas, barren land, and plantation forest constituted 131.38 ha, 83.45 ha and 127.29 ha, respectively. The results indicate a 7.14% reduction in dense forest area, contrasted with a 1.09% increase in agroforestry. The classification achieved an overall accuracy of 94.08% and Kappa index of 0.95. These findings highlight the importance of integrating measures and policies with investment in research and satellite monitoring to curb deforestation in the Central Western Ghats and ensure continuity of Western Ghats in halting degradation and climate change.
... Prior to the industrial era, the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 was about 280 ppm (Prentice et al. 2001), but it escalated considerably with the dawn of the industrial revolution to over 420.13 ppm (Anonymous 2021, Boetcher et al. 2023). With the current rate of increase, the projected CO 2 concentration is predicted to reach 800 ppm by 2100 (Anonymous 2022, Singh 2017. Such an increase in CO 2 concentration would have a significant repercussion on global warming and climate change. ...
Diversity, biomass and carbon (C) stock (above- and below-ground) of woody species (>5 cm dbh) were studied in 15 Community Reserves (CRs) of Meghalaya, Northeast India. A total of 287 species belonging to 72 families and 165 genera were enumerated from 7.5 ha sampled area. The number of individuals ranged from 888 to 1582 ha-1 with a mean density of 1182.4±57.76 individuals ha-1. The basal area ranged from 22.27 to 59.22 m2 ha-1 with a mean value of 41.60±3.23 m2 ha-1 in the studied sites. The total biomass and C stock ranged from 147.57 to 343.25 Mg ha-1 and 69.95 to 162.7 Mg C ha-1, respectively. The contribution of AGB and BGB to the total biomass and C stock was 79-82% and 18-21%, respectively. The variation in species richness, density, basal area, biomass, and carbon stock observed in the studied CRs can be attributed to their past land use and management history. The present study highlights that these CRs possess a high potential to act as carbon sinks, indicating that creating more CRs in the state could prove highly beneficial. Such an approach would not only help to preserve the region’s rich biodiversity but also aid in sequester the atmospheric carbon dioxide.
... In its latest report, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) highlights the main environmental challenges of the 21st century, which includes environmental pollution, deforestation of natural areas, and biodiversity loss as the main environmental problems [1]. Various global studies and reports [2,3], point out that biodiversity loss is one of the most unfavorably evolving environmental problems. It is difficult to establish the rates of extinction in recent years, but several studies on biodiversity loss agree that these rates are higher than would be expected, even suggesting that the planet is immersed in the Sixth Mass Extinction, with humans and their activity being the original focus [4][5][6]. ...
The current global crisis has one of its worst sides in the biodiversity crisis. Biodiversity loss affects both species and the functionality of ecosystems. This leads to a decrease or loss of ecosystem services, with catastrophic effects on all living beings, including humans. In this sense, education must be another tool that contributes to biodiversity conservation. The aim of this research is to determine the knowledge that pre-service preschool teachers have about vertebrate animals. The results indicate that there is little knowledge of the native fauna (from a nearby regional geographical area). In this case we consider native fauna the fauna of the Iberian Peninsula, as this is the location of the research. The scarce knowledge of the native fauna can be an obstacle to its teaching and therefore to its conservation. In this sense, training actions are needed to provide teachers with knowledge of native biodiversity so that the school can act as a complement to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
... According to Benson [12], humans have had more impact on Earth in the last 50 years than in the preceding two centuries, and the impact of humans even in the latter time period exceeds that of the entire period of human life on the planet. Current estimations [13,14] report that of Earth's nine planetary boundaries [15], four have been exceeded irreversibly [16]-see Figure 1. [16] impression of Rockstrom et al. [15]: "The nine planetary boundaries as safe operating space for humanity B, Proposed boundary; C, Current status". ...
... Current estimations [13,14] report that of Earth's nine planetary boundaries [15], four have been exceeded irreversibly [16]-see Figure 1. [16] impression of Rockstrom et al. [15]: "The nine planetary boundaries as safe operating space for humanity B, Proposed boundary; C, Current status". ...
... Among all the above mentioned measures that impact health, a direct or indirect issue is CO2 Figure 1. Researcher [16] impression of Rockstrom et al. [15]: "The nine planetary boundaries as safe operating space for humanity B, Proposed boundary; C, Current status". ...
The health of humans and the planet are the most vital contemporary issues and essential components of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Scientists and professionals strive for integrated, evolving, healthy, and sustainable solutions encompassing biodiversity and industrial ecology, while offering viable economic attainments. The building industry, especially construction, is an extensive economic counterpart that largely influences health on various levels. On a practical scale, most direct or indirect impacts on health are related to conventional construction systems (CCSs), particularly their materialisations and implementation methods. Therefore, from a global perspective, emerging technologies or remodelled methods to accomplish sustainable use, reuse, and recycling, and improving the planet’s health to ensure the wellbeing of its inhabitants, are crucial. The current research is part of a broader study on “programmable construction systems” (PCSs), concentrating on “programmable construction materials” (PCMs) for health. Therefore, issues are reviewed, relevancies are addressed, and health-oriented concepts are discussed. Example concepts of formulation and the simplified toolkit creations follow the problems’ sources in a case study, providing insight into the resulting multiscale impacts on real-life practices. The results prove the method’s potential and validate its simplicity and applicability through an abstract examination of a newly built case study. Finally, the summarised outcomes of other extensive studies on societal preferences also confirm the feasibility of the hypothesis (i.e., the healthy materialisation) also from a social perspective.
... En su último informe, el Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza (WWF) destaca los principales desafíos ambientales del siglo XXI, donde incluye como los principales problemas ambientales la contaminación ambiental, la deforestación de espacios naturales y la pérdida de biodiversidad (Grooten y Almond, 2018). Diversos estudios e informes globales (ONU, 2019;Singh, 2017) señalan que la pérdida de biodiversidad es uno de los problemas ambientales que más desfavorablemente ha evolucionado. Es difícil establecer cuáles son las tasas de extinción de los últimos años, pero diversas investigaciones desarrolladas sobre la pérdida de biodiversidad coinciden en que estas tasas son más elevadas de lo que cabría esperar, llegando a plantearse que el planeta está inmerso en la Sexta Extinción en Masa, siendo su foco originario el ser humano y su actividad (Barnosky et al. 2011;Ceballos y Ehrlich, 2018;Tollefson, 2019). ...
... 2.2. La contribución de la educación a la conservación de la diversidad biológica La crisis de la biodiversidad es tal vez el más grave de todos los problemas ambientales, habiéndose rebasado con creces los límites de seguridad (Singh, 2017). Por ello, hoy nadie duda de que la educación debe desempeñar un papel fundamental en la solución de los problemas ambientales, incluida la degradación de la diversidad biológica (Lindemann-Matthies et al., 2017). ...
La actual crisis ambiental que atraviesa el planeta tiene en la pérdida de la biodiversidad una de sus peores caras. Para paliar los efectos negativos de esta pérdida, que afecta a las especies, a los servicios ecosistémicos y por tanto también a los seres humanos, se implementan distintas estrategias de conservación, entre ellas se cuentan los Espacios Naturales Protegidos (ENP). Además, la educación debe entenderse como otra herramienta fundamental para la conservación de la biodiversidad. El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer cómo perciben los futuros docentes de Educación Primaria los ENP como recurso educativo. Para ello se plantea una encuesta dirigida al alumnado del último curso del Grado en Educación Primaria. Entre los resultados se observa un marcado desconocimiento, a efectos prácticos de los ENP, y una percepción de estas áreas como lugares para actividades de concienciación ambiental, no percibiéndose en su totalidad el potencial para la alfabetización científica. Concluimos relacionando los déficits de conocimiento científico y conocimiento didáctico del futuro profesorado de Primaria en esta materia medioambiental, lo que nos conduce a replantear diferentes aspectos de ambas formaciones en los estudios del Grado.
... 2.2. La contribución de la educación a la conservación de la diversidad biológica La crisis de la biodiversidad es tal vez el más grave de todos los problemas ambientales, habiéndose rebasado con creces los límites de seguridad (Singh, 2017). Por ello, hoy nadie duda de que la educación debe desempeñar un papel fundamental en la solución de los problemas ambientales, incluida la degradación de la diversidad biológica (Lindemann-Matthies et al., 2017). ...
La actual crisis ambiental que atraviesa el planeta tiene en la pérdida de la biodiversidad una de sus peores caras. Para paliar los efectos negativos de esta pérdida, que afecta a las especies, a los servicios ecosistémicos y por tanto también a los seres humanos, se implementan distintas estrategias de conservación, entre ellas se cuentan los Espacios Naturales Protegidos (ENP). Además, la educación debe entenderse como otra herramienta fundamental para la conservación de la biodiversidad. El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer cómo perciben los futuros docentes de Educación Primaria los ENP como recurso educativo. Para ello se plantea una encuesta dirigida al alumnado del último curso del Grado en Educación Primaria. Entre los resultados se observa un marcado desconocimiento, a efectos prácticos de los ENP, y una percepción de estas áreas como lugares para actividades de concienciación ambiental, no percibiéndose en su totalidad el potencial para la alfabetización científica.
... A report from the Asian Development Bank brings out that 37 million people from India , 22million from China and 21 million from Indonesia will be at risk (and therefore will have to migrate) from sea level rise alone. Migration often leads to loss of their livelihood, family ties and property which is miserable and often leads to conflict (Singh 2017). ...
... It was decided by the Supreme Court in the Municipal Corporation, Ratlam v. Vardhichand, 53 The plea of lack of fund will be poor alibi when people in misery cry for justice. The office in charge and even the elected representatives will have to face a penalty if they violate the constitutional and other statutory directives. ...
