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Hair loss by excessive stress from work and lifestyle changes has become a growing concern, particularly among young individuals. However, most drugs for alopecia impose a plethora of side effects. We have found the powerful impact of Malva verticillata seed extracts on alleviating hair loss. This study further isolated effective chemicals in M. ve...
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Citations
... In particular, DPCs treated with low glucose, or a glycolysis inhibitor showed a decrease in trichogenic gene expression. In the view of lipid metabolism in DPCs, linoleic acid reportedly increases the cell proliferation rate of DPCs and the mRNA expression levels of hair growth-related genes 10 . Moreover, disruption of genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as elongation of very long-chain fatty acids 3 (Elovl3) and fatty acid transport protein 4 (Fatp4), results in abnormal hair follicle morphology and defects in hair growth 11,12 . ...
... Despite the complex and essential activities of FAs being considered important, little is known about their role in hair growth. To the best of our knowledge, one study revealed that linoleic acid treatment results in cell growth of DPCs through Wnt/B-catenin signaling pathway activation 10 . However, FAs that mainly exist in scalp tissues are palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, pentadecaneoic acid, stearic acid, and others, in order of composition in sebum from the scalps 13 . ...
Understanding the underlying mechanisms regulating hair regeneration is crucial, especially given the increasing demand for effective drugs to treat hair loss, which remain not fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that lipid metabolism was attenuated in the scalp tissues of patients with androgenetic alopecia. Lipid supplementation in the culture medium upregulated hair growth-related genes and promoted the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs). By using RNA-sequencing analysis and HIF-1a knockdown in DPCs, we found that HIF-1a is a potential candidate that governs lipid-reinforced upregulation of trichogenic genes. Finally, we assessed the hair growth-promoting effects of lipids using in vitro hair follicle organoids and found that lipids accelerated the elongation of hair-shaft-like structures. Our results highlight the importance of lipids in promoting hair growth through HIF-1 signaling, suggesting that this may be a promising target for the treatment of hair loss.
... A crucial charac istic of dihydrotestosterone-induced hair loss is reduced cell proliferation through Wn catenin signaling suppression. Linoleic acid stimulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and presses DKK1 expression via dihydrotestosterone [48]. Therefore, linoleic acid was lected as an active marker in Oryza sativa L. extract complex and determined the con The mechanical test revealed that the compression force of P25H5 and P20H10 significantly decreased from 41.94 ± 3.06 N/array (0.19 ± 0.01 N/needle) and 31.60 ± 1.60 N/array (0.14 ± 0.01 N/needle) to 26.52 ± 1.29 N/array (0.12 ± 0.01 N/needle) and 17.75 ± 2.03 N/array (0.08 ± 0.01 N/needle), respectively, when the Oryza sativa L. extract complex was added. ...
... A cru istic of dihydrotestosterone-induced hair loss is reduced cell proliferation th catenin signaling suppression. Linoleic acid stimulates Wnt/β-catenin sign presses DKK1 expression via dihydrotestosterone [48]. Therefore, linolei lected as an active marker in Oryza sativa L. extract complex and determin A B ...
... A crucial characteristic of dihydrotestosterone-induced hair loss is reduced cell proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppression. Linoleic acid stimulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and suppresses DKK1 expression via dihydrotestosterone [48]. Therefore, linoleic acid was selected as an active marker in Oryza sativa L. extract complex and determined the content of microneedles in this study. ...
Dissolving microneedles are extensively applied in drug delivery systems to enhance penetration into the skin. In this study, dissolving microneedles fabricated from polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP-K90) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) E50 in different ratios were characterized. The selected formulations incorporated Oryza sativa L. extract complex and its characteristics, transfollicular penetration, and safety were observed. The microneedles, fabricated from PVP K90: HPMC E50 in a ratio of 25:5 (P25H5) and 20:10 (P20H10), revealed excellent morphological structure, proper mechanical strength, and excellent skin insertion. P25H5 microneedles exhibited faster dissolution than P20H10 microneedles. Microneedles containing Oryza sativa L. extract complex showed excellent morphological structure via scanning electron microscopy but decreased mechanical strength. P25H5-O, which exhibited an effective ability to enter skin, was selected for further investigation. This microneedle formulation had a high percentage of drug-loading content, enhanced skin penetration via the transfollicular route, and was safe for keratinocytes. As a result, the dissolving microneedle containing Oryza sativa L. extract complex can be used to enhance transfollicular delivery through the skin with safety.
... Using in vivo and in vitro models, this study found that AA enhances hDPC viability and promotes the expression of several factors responsible for hair growth, in addition to promoting hair growth by inducing and prolonging anagen in resting C57BL/6 mice [35]. It was also found that treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (LA), in vegetable oils derived from the seeds of Malva verticillata may alleviate testosterone-induced signaling molecules and induce the growth of HFDPCs by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling [36]. Nutritional supplements with the main components of EPA and DHA have a positive effect on thinning hair [37]. ...
The hair follicle is the basis of hair regeneration, and the dermal papilla is one of the most important structures in hair regeneration. New intervention and reversal strategies for hair loss may arise due to the prevention of oxidative stress. GC/MS analysis was used to determine the compounds contained in NSO. Then, NSO was applied to DPC for cell proliferation and oxidative stress experiments. RNA-seq was performed in cells treated with NSO and minoxidil. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to verify the gene expression. The effects of NSO on hair length, weight, the number and depth of hair follicles, and the dermal thickness were also studied. GC/MS analysis showed that the main components of NSO were eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid. NSO promotes DPC proliferation and reduces H2O2-mediated oxidative damage. NSO can also activate hair growth-related pathways and upregulate antioxidant-related genes analyzed by gene profiling. The topical application of NSO significantly promotes hair growth and increases hair length and weight in mice. NSO extract promotes hair growth and effectively inhibits oxidative stress, which is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hair loss.
... Linoleic acid has potential as an alternative treatment for hair loss. Therapy using linoleic acid can activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induce the growth of human follicles dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) by increasing the expression of cell cycle proteins such as cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Linoleic acid significantly inhibits the expression of Dickkopf-related protein (DKK -1), which is the signaling of primary alopecia by dihydrotestosterone (Ryu et al., 2021). ...
Having healthy and thick hair is the dream of many people, but some people have problems related to their hair. Hair problems that often occur are hair loss, thin hair or baldness, so to overcome these problems hair growth products have been made. Virgin Coconut Oil VCO and candlenut oil can be used as natural ingredients that can grow hair. The aim of this research was to determine the best nanoemulsion formulation for a combination of candlenut oil and VCO; and to determine the difference between applying nanoemulsion, conventional candlenut oil, conventional VCO and the oil emulsion on hair growth in male rats. This nanoemulsion formulation uses a combination of candlenut oil and VCO in a ratio of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1. The nanoemulsion obtained was subjected to organoleptic, pH, viscosity, flow type and % transmittance. The best formulation was then tested for droplet size and zeta potential as well as hair growth activity tests using male rats. It was found that the best nanoemulsion formula was a nanoemulsion with a combination of 1:3 with a yellow color, a distinctive odor and clear with a droplet size of 14.42 ± 0.03 nm, a zeta value of -27.8 ± 1.02 mV, the length of the hair produced in the test hair growth activity was 17.14 ± 0.42 mm and hair weight was 699.37 ± 7.91 mg.
... Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang menyatakan bahwa minyak kemiri memiliki aktivitas penumbuh rambut karena adanya kandungan asam linoleat dan beta sitosterol sebagai penghambat enzim 5-alfa-reduktase (Shoviantari et al., 2020). Selain itu, pada penelitian lain di tahun 2021 menyatakan bahwa asam linoleat dapat mengurangi produksi DHT dengan menghambat enzim 5alfa-reduktase, meningkatkan proliferase sel melalui pengaktifan jalur Wnt/β-catenin, dan mengekspresi faktor pertumbuhan IGF-1 dan VEGF (Ryu et al., 2021). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa minyak kemiri dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan rambut (Leny et al., 2021). ...
... Hal ini mungkin sebagai penyebab aktivitas minyak zaitun tidak sebaik minyak kemiri, sebagaimana disebutkan sebelumnya bahwa asam linoleat memiliki efek dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan rambut melalui mekanisme menurunkan produksi DHT dengan menghambat produksi 5alfa-reduktase, meningkatkan proliferase sel melalui jalur Wnt/β-catenin, dan mengekspresi faktor pertumbuhan IGF-1 dan VEGF. (Ryu et al., 2021). ...
Candlenut oil and olive oil have been discovered to promote hair growth. This experimental study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a combination of candlenut oil and olive oil on the length of hair in male rabbits. The experiment involved two male rabbits, with four areas on their backs shaved to apply the test solution, each area measuring approximately 3 cm x 3 cm and spaced 2 cm apart. Hair samples were collected by shaving six strands of hair from each area on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, and 18th days. The treatment groups were divided into a negative control group that received no intervention and test groups that were treated with either candlenut oil alone, olive oil alone, or a combination of candlenut and olive oil. The results of the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05), indicating a significant difference among the groups. A post hoc test was conducted to determine the group with the best hair length statistically, and it was found that the group receiving candlenut oil had the highest mean rank value, followed by the olive oil group, and then the combination of candlenut and olive oil group.
... KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the four causal genes were signi cantly enriched in the pathways of linoleic acid, ferroptosis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and adhesion junction, suggesting that these signaling pathways may play important roles in AA. It has been shown that linoleic acid induces the growth of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling [27]. Linoleic acid signaling pathway is likely to be an important research direction for the prevention and treatment of AA. ...
Background
Compared with sporadic patients with Alopecia areata (AA), the familial cases have a poorer prognosis. At present, the genetic basis of AA still needs further study to improve treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study is to identify the causal genes related to AA.
Methods
We first used bioinformatics analysis to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to AA, and then analyzed large-scale eQTL data and AA GWAS summary data using Mendelian randomization (MR). The enrichment analysis of causal gene functions and pathways as well as immune cell infiltration analysis were also performed, and finally the screened causal genes were analyzed and validated in the experimental group of AA and the normal control group.
Results
Differential expressed gene (DEG) analysis identified 429 up-regulated and 423 down-regulated genes. Among DEGs, MR screened out four intersecting genes, GIMAP6 and AA (IVW OR: 1.868; 95% CI: 1.175–2.970, p = 0.008), ALOX15 and AA (IVW OR: 1.616; 95% CI: 1.167–2.239, p = 0.004), GALNT6 and AA (IVW OR: 0.710; 95% CI: 0.533–0.945, p = 0.019), HEG1 and AA (IVW OR: 0.648; 95% CI: 0.431–0.975, p = 0.037). Indicating that all four intersecting genes have a causal relationship with AA, they are the four causal genes most related to AA. Among them, genes GIMAP6 and ALOX15 are risk factors for AA, while genes GALNT6 and HEG1 are protective factors for AA. Finally, validation analysis was conducted on the four causal genes between the AA experimental group and the normal control group, and significant differences were found in the GALNT6 and HEG1 genes in the validation group.
Conclusion
In this study, we identified four causal genes for AA and found that genes GIMAP6 and ALOX15 are risk factors for AA and genes GALNT6 and HEG1 are protective factors for AA. Our data analysis showed significant differences between the GALNT6 and HEG1 genes in the validation group. This study will provide new research directions for the pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis and treatment of AA.
... The lack of alpha-linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, can lead to scalp hemorrhagic folliculitis and maintaining adequate levels of alpha-linolenic acid can help strengthen the skin barrier [88][89][90][91]. Treatment with linolenic acid has been found to increase hair cell growth by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, making it effective for treating baldness [92]. Estrogen-related drugs such as afimoxifene, diethylstilbestrol, and genistein have been reported to alleviate hair loss by controlling abnormal estrogen levels [93][94][95][96]. ...
Background
Male-pattern baldness (MPB) is the most common cause of hair loss in men. It can be categorized into three types: type 2 (T2), type 3 (T3), and type 4 (T4), with type 1 (T1) being considered normal. Although various MPB-associated genetic variants have been suggested, a comprehensive study for linking these variants to gene expression regulation has not been performed to the best of our knowledge.
Results
In this study, we prioritized MPB-related tissue panels using tissue-specific enrichment analysis and utilized single-tissue panels from genotype-tissue expression version 8, as well as cross-tissue panels from context-specific genetics. Through a transcriptome-wide association study and colocalization analysis, we identified 52, 75, and 144 MPB associations for T2, T3, and T4, respectively. To assess the causality of MPB genes, we performed a conditional and joint analysis, which revealed 10, 11, and 54 putative causality genes for T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Finally, we conducted drug repositioning and identified potential drug candidates that are connected to MPB-associated genes.
Conclusions
Overall, through an integrative analysis of gene expression and genotype data, we have identified robust MPB susceptibility genes that may help uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms and the novel drug candidates that may alleviate MPB.
... Previous results have confirmed the promotion of hair growth by VEGF. Additionally, VEGF has played a significant role in the treatment of AGA with minoxidil [27,28]. Therefore, the effects of NMN on VEGF expression in HDPC cultures are of great interest. ...
β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has shown promising effects on intestinal health, and it is extensively applied as an anti-aging and Alzheimer’s disease therapeutic, due to its medicinal properties. The effects of NMN on the growth of mouse hair were observed after hair removal. The results indicated that NMN can reverse the state of hair follicle atrophy, hair thinning, and hair sparsity induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), compared to that of minoxidil. In addition, the action mechanisms of NMN promoting hair growth in cultured human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) treated with DHT were investigated in detail. The incubation of HDPCs with DHT led to a decrease in cell viability and the release of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1Beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor Alpha (TNF-α). It was found that NMN can significantly lower the release of inflammatory factors induced by DHT in HDPCs. HDPCs cells are protected from oxidative stress damage by NMN, which inhibits the NF-κB p65 inflammatory signaling pathway. Moreover, the levels of androgen receptor (AR), dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and β-catenin in the HDPCs were assessed using PCR, indicating that NMN can significantly enhance the expression of VEGF, reduced IL-6 levels and suppress the expression of AR and DKK-1, and notably increase β-catenin expression in DHT-induced HDPCs.
... Linoleic acid is beneficial for hair health as well. It helps to moisturize the scalp, promote hair growth, and prevent hair breakage [50]. Linoleic acid is an essential FA that our bodies cannot produce on their own, so it needs to be obtained through our diet [51]. ...
The fatty acid (FA) compositions of thirty-nine vegetable oils and fats, including nangai nut, pili nut, shea butter, tamanu oil, baobab, sea buckthorn berry, Brazil nut, grape seed, black seed, evening primrose, passion fruit, milk thistle, sunflower, pumpkin seed, sesame, soybean, flax seed, kukui, red raspberry seed, walnut, chia seed, hemp seed, rosehip, almond, avocado, carrot seed, moringa, apricot kernel, camellia seed, macadamia, olive, marula, argan, castor, jojoba, pomegranate seed, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) coconut, roasted coconut, canola, and mustard oil, were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Vegetable oils and fats have different profiles in terms of their fatty acid composition, and their major constituents vary significantly. However, we categorized them into different classes based on the percentages of different fatty acids they contain. The saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid, and the unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, are the main categories. Among them, roasted coconut oil contained the greatest amount of saturated fatty acids followed by nangai nut (45.61%). Passion fruit oil contained the largest amount of linoleic acid (66.23%), while chia seed oil had the highest content of linolenic acid (58.25%). Oleic acid was exclusively present in camellia seed oil, constituting 78.57% of its composition. Notably, mustard oil had a significant presence of erucic acid (54.32%), while pomegranate seed oil exclusively contained punicic acid (74.77%). Jojoba oil primarily consisted of (Z)-11-eicosenoic acid (29.55%) and (Z)-docos-13-en-1-ol (27.96%). The major constituent in castor oil was ricinoleic acid (89.89%). Compared with other vegetable oils and fats, pili nut oil contained a significant amount of (E)-FA (20.62%), followed by sea buckthorn berry oil with a content of 9.60%. FA compositions from sources may be problematic in the human diet due to no labeling or the absence of essential components. Therefore, consumers must cast an eye over some essential components consumed in their dietary intake.
... It has been demonstrated that inhibition of 5α-R by lipophilic extracts of Sabal serrulata fruits is entirely due to free fatty acid content [17] . Dermal papilla cell proliferation and hair development were induced by the isolation of linoleic acid from Malva verticillata seeds, which triggered Wnt/β-catenin signalling to boost the cell cycle and growth factor release [18] . The spore of Lygodium japonicum is known as the Lygodii Spora, and a 50 % of aqueous ethanol extract showed in vitro 5α-R inhibitory action as well as in vivo anti-androgenic activities. ...
