Figure 1
The measurement setup: a) The wearable device, b) The Nucleo board equipped with the Bluetooth module c) The data logger. a) b) c)
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The comfort experienced while driving a motorcycle is becoming a subject of great importance; indeed, the driver is exposed to vibrations that are typically caused by irregular profiles or wear of the road surface as well as by the aerodynamic influence and high-frequency rotation of the motorcycle engine. This paper discloses an original solution...
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This paper presents a solution for the Visually Impaired (VI) based on wearable devices. VI people need support or a guide to support them to locomote from one place to another. Using Wearables help users to achieve a great understanding of the surrounding environment. The proposed system is based on wearable smart glasses to support VI to locomote...
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... This vibration stands for a hypothetical IMU input signal, which must be acquired without distortion since it represents the acceleration that the positioning algorithms must process. The truthfulness of this vibration has been proven in a previous work [38] in which a suitable measurement system was proposed to evaluate the driver's exposure to vibration during a ride on a motorcycle. The paper highlights that the vibration analysis band for a motorcycle varies from 0.25 Hz to 20 Hz. ...
In the recent period, Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are widely employed in many applications, such as smartphones, robotics, Unmanned Aerial vehicles, automotive and self‑driving vehicles, artificial intelligence, and numerous others. However, the dynamical metrological performances and the reliability analysis when these microelectronic devices operate under real environmental conditions are not sufficiently covered by scientific literature. Starting from standard tests for automotive applications, to emulate the real operating conditions of IMUs, a new test plan based on sine sweep vibration profiles has also been developed, including different service conditions characterized by the presence of a sinusoidal component with the addition of a random vibration noise typical of automotive scenarios. In-depth analysis has been carried out in the time and frequency domains leading to the employment of suitable figures of merit, highlighting the effects of mechanical stress on the metrological performances of microelectromechanical sensors. The developed test plan could be used to investigate if sinusoidal vibrations at specific frequencies influence the correct operation of low-cost platforms in typical automotive applications. The experimental results have confirmed the suitability of the proposed figures of merit in analyzing the effects of vibrations typical of the automotive context on the IMUs operating. In particular, they have allowed investigating the axes cross-sensitivity of triaxial systems, spurious responses, and unexpected behaviors due to the devices' non-ideality.
... Therefore, each DUT should acquire the signal without distortion. To select the frequency of the sinusoidal vibration, a previous work's measurement results regarding the driver's exposure to vibration during a ride on a motorcycle have been used [18]. The vibration induced on the rider is lower than 20 Hz. ...
Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are currently employed in devices used every day. Among these, there are smartphones, vehicles, drones, robots, and many others. The reliability and dynamical metrological performance represent a critical aspect to be considered for such devices, particularly under the application of vibrations representative of a real situation in which IMUs can operate. For this reason, the authors have proposed a new test plan based on a sine-on random vibration profile characterized by the presence of a sinusoidal component with the addition of a random vibration noise typical of automotive scenarios. The behavior of IMUs under analysis has been analyzed in deep by adopting suitable figures of merit, thus highlighting the impact of the designed stress test on the devices' correct operation.
... In the diagnosis process, several aspects, such as the data acquisition process, environmental influence, etc... have a direct impact on the analysis outcomes. Usually fault information carry by the signal tend to be masked by the disturbances [3]- [6]. Different statistical parameters can be extracted for understanding the behavior of the fault. ...
This paper presents the implementation of technical tests to assess the behavior of M1 category passenger vehicles, specifically focusing on the measurement of the center of gravity, global stiffness, and comfort. The experimental procedures conducted adhere to the ISO 10392 and ISO 2631 standards, as well as the methodology established by SAE for flexural and torsional stiffness measurements. The JAC E10X car, a commercial electric hatchback that ranks among the top sellers in Colombia in 2023, was used as the test vehicle. It was found that the center of gravity of this car is displaced towards the passenger side and closer to the front axis. Nevertheless, its height falls within the measured range for other vehicles in its category. The obtained stiffness falls within the commonly accepted ranges in the industry. However, we observed that the presence of the battery package on the vehicle’s floor plays an important role in measuring this parameter. The comfort analysis was carried out in two scenarios: on roads with and without pavement. In both cases, the vehicle was categorized as “somewhat uncomfortable” according to the ISO 2631 standard. This finding holds significance considering the road conditions in developing countries like Colombia and the fact that the vehicle under study is brand new. In addition to providing infrastructure that bolsters the automotive industry in Valle del Cauca.
Full access: https://revistaingenieria.univalle.edu.co/index.php/ingenieria_y_competitividad/article/view/13139
The present study contains an experimental analysis of the vibratory response in a low-cylinder engine motorcycle at varying suspension preloads. Three different speed bumps of varying heights were used to subject the motorcycle to different vibrations. The analysis was carried out in three domains: time, frequency, and time-frequency. A triaxial accelerometer was used to measure the vibrations at the seat of the vehicle. The results indicated that the suspension system became more differentiated as the height of the bumps increased. However, for lower bumps, the action of the three spring preloads studied was quite similar. Quantitatively, only the higher bump showed a significant difference between the set preloads. The spectral distribution revealed that the frequency of interest was below 20 Hz for all the studied cases, which is in the same range of human body natural frequencies. The findings of this research can be utilized to enhance the design of low-cost motorcycles, thereby improving the safety and comfort of their drivers and passengers. This study constitutes a significant step towards developing an affordable system capable of gathering sufficient data to support the creation of evidence-based public health policies and propose new transport industry standards based on field measurements.
Microcontrollers and field-programmable gate arrays have been largely leveraged in scientific instrumentation since decades. Recent advancements in the performance of these programmable digital devices, with hundreds of I/O pins, up to millions of logic cells, >10 Gb/s connectivity, and hundreds of MHz multiple clocks, have been accelerating this trend, extending the range of functions. The diversification of devices from very low-cost 8-bit microcontrollers up to 32-bit ARM-based ones and a system of chip combining programmable logic with processors make them ubiquitous in modern electronic systems, addressing diverse challenges from ultra-low power operation, with sub-µA quiescent current in sleep mode for portable and Internet of Things applications, to high-performance computing, such as in machine vision. In this Review, the main motivations (compactness, re-configurability, parallelization, low latency for sub-ns timing, and real-time control), the possible approaches of the adoption of embedded devices, and the achievable performances are discussed. Relevant examples of applications in opto-electronics, physics experiments, impedance, vibration, and temperature sensing from the recent literature are also reviewed. From this bird-eye view, key paradigms emerge, such as the blurring of boundaries between digital platforms and the pervasiveness of machine learning algorithms, significantly fostered by the possibility to be run in embedded devices for distributing intelligence in the environment.
Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are widespread in many different applications, such as automotive, drone, robotics, smartphones, and many others. MEMS-based IMUs (i.e., IMU-based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems technology) are the best solution to achieve effective and efficient monitoring and diagnostic with low cost, low power, and low dimension. The data acquired by the MEMS sensors integrated into IMUs are usually managed by suitable filtering and positioning algorithms. These algorithms are used to correct the system's attitude and vehicle path in which the IMU is installed. They also provide redundant information used for online diagnosis. Unfortunately, testing procedures specifically developed to characterize both IMU and filtering algorithms under stress are not yet available. Focusing the attention on the temperature's influence, the characterization of IMUs, considering the real scenario in which the system is operating, is a fundamental topic that must be deeply studied and discussed during a diagnostic system design. For this reason, this paper proposes a test plan for the performance analysis of MEMS-based IMUs under temperature-based stress tests. Beyond the primary analysis of reliability and functional operating, the effects of temperature miss-compensation have been evaluated on two common filtering algorithms employed for positioning applications and working on data coming from commercial IMUs implemented in the automotive field. The experimental results highlight how temperature plays a fundamental role in the behaviors of the investigated positioning algorithms.
