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The location of the Magdalena region in the northern Andes, showing the Magdalena River, the San Lucas Mountain Range and the Peasant Reserve Zone of the Cimitarra river Valley (PRZ-CRV) (a.). Map of the Peasant Reserve Zone of the Cimitarra river Valley, showing the forest reserve area, the peasant area and the area delimited as «Yellow line» (b.).
Source publication
Tropical forests of Colombia have one of the highest deforestation rates in the world. The humid forest of the Magdalena valley region is one of the ecosystems with the highest risk of landscape transformation, despite being home to many endemic and threatened species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of a Peasant Reserve Zone in the...
Contexts in source publication
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... PRZs are found throughout Colombia, and depending on their size and location, many constitute areas of great importance for the conservation of tropical forests and endangered species. The PRZ of the Cimitarra River Valley (PRZ-CRV) (Asociación campesina del valle del rio Cimitarra, 2008) located in the Middle Magdalena valley (Fig. 1a), comprises a total area of ~ 5800 km 2 that contains a peasant area (~ 2670 km 2 ) and a forest reserve (~ 3130 km 2 ) (Quijano-Mejía & Linares-García, 2017) (Fig. 1b). This PRZ is one of the largest in the country, and because it contains humid forests, among them forests of the San Lucas Mountain Range (Serranía de San Lucas), which ...
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... forests and endangered species. The PRZ of the Cimitarra River Valley (PRZ-CRV) (Asociación campesina del valle del rio Cimitarra, 2008) located in the Middle Magdalena valley (Fig. 1a), comprises a total area of ~ 5800 km 2 that contains a peasant area (~ 2670 km 2 ) and a forest reserve (~ 3130 km 2 ) (Quijano-Mejía & Linares-García, 2017) (Fig. 1b). This PRZ is one of the largest in the country, and because it contains humid forests, among them forests of the San Lucas Mountain Range (Serranía de San Lucas), which is one of the most diverse and unprotected areas of the country, the PRZ-CRV could be a key component for the maintenance and conservation of biodiversity in the ...
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... habitat remain, e.g. San Lucas Mountain Range. These areas are under pressure from high populations of humans and are threatened by timber operations, cattle ranching, and illicit drug cultivation ( Etter et al., 2006). The PRZ-CRV is located in the Middle Magdalena Valley by covering a part of the Antioquia and Bolivar departments (provinces) (Fig. 1a). This PRZ comprises a total area of ~ 5800 km 2 . It is distributed in i) peasant area (~ 2670 km 2 ), where the peasants mainly carry out their productive activities (e.g. agricultural and cattle raising activities) and ii) forest reserve (~ 3130 km 2 ), where the peasants themselves demarcated an area around the redoubts of forests ...
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... activities (e.g. agricultural and cattle raising activities) and ii) forest reserve (~ 3130 km 2 ), where the peasants themselves demarcated an area around the redoubts of forests of the San Lucas Mountain Range, known as «yellow line», to restrict the colonisation advance; i.e. it is prohibited any type of intervention on the fauna and flora (Fig. ...
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... al., 2013;Foody, 2020). In addition, based on the Bonferroni test, we assessed whether there were significant differences between the performance of the algorithms (p-value < 0.05). After those analyses, we selected «random forest» as the best method to perform the final land cover classification due to its bigger accuracy with smaller intervals (Fig. A1), greater values of Sensibility and Specificity for almost all categories (values > 0.98) (only the wetland category was 0.83, but much higher than for the other two algorithms (0.55 or 0.76)), and because the differences between this algorithm with the other two were ...
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... other authors for the MVR, suggesting that this region is one of the ecosystems with the highest risk of landscape transformation in Colombia (Etter & van Wyngaarden, 2000;Etter et al., 2006Etter et al., , 2008Negret et al., 2019). The areas with cleared lands are mainly found in the peasant area and to a lesser extent in the forest reserve zone (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which is expected since the main tasks of PRZs is not only to ensure the conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity but also to improve human well-being through the strengthening of the local economy with agricultural and cattle raising activities, among others (Quijano-Mejía & Linares-García, 2017;Ortiz, ...
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... the rate of deforestation in the area, the PRZ-CRV is an important area for the maintenance and conservation of humid forests, especially those that belong to the San Lucas Mountain Range. The conserved forest areas (without change) are mainly located within the «yellow line» (Fig. 2b), an area located in the forest reserve zone (Fig. 1b). The «yellow line» is a demarcation made by the peasants themselves around the redoubts of forests of the San Lucas Mountain Range, which restricts the advance of colonisation. The peasants have reached an agreement that any type of intervention on the fauna and flora is prohibited in this area (Quijano-Mejía & Linares-García, 2017). ...
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Citations
... Many insect species, including Coleoptera, are at risk of extinction or significant decline due to anthropogenic factors [2]. Such local-scale population declines can be attributed to fragmented habitats [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Conservation of the entomofauna in individual macroregions requires effort to study the distribution and abundance of insects. ...
(1) Background: Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) are the most diverse order of insects. The beetle species live in many ecosystems around the globe and their roles in ecosystems are very diverse; therefore, it is important to know the local and regional biodiversity. Conservation of the entomofauna in individual macroregions requires effort to study the distribution and abundance of insects. To this end, databases are being created to record this information so that the status of a species can be objectively assessed and, if necessary, measures taken to protect it. (2) Methods: The materials were collected from the territory of eleven regions of European Russia (Ryazan, Tambov, Penza, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Moscow (including the city of Moscow), Vladimir, Kursk, Tula and Kaluga Oblasts and the Republic of Mordovia), mainly during the last approximately 20 years (2005–2024). The beetles were collected by different means (manual collection; the use of soil traps, fermental crown traps, and Malaise traps; light fishing; sweeping with an entomological net on plants and under water, etc.). (3) Results: The dataset presents data on 1310 species and subspecies of Coleoptera from 74 families found in the Eastern Part of the Eastern European Plain. In total, there are 65,100 samples and 10,771 occurrences in the dataset. (4) Conclusions: The largest families in terms of species diversity are Curculionidae (198 species), Carabidae (183 species), Staphylinidae (121 species) and Chrysomelidae (120 species).
... Forests are subject to various dynamic changes, primarily driven by human activities such as forestry, fires, the introduction of invasive species, and other factors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. These factors negatively impact forest biodiversity, including saproxylic organisms-species that depend on the fungal decomposition of wood. ...
Simple Summary
The distribution and biology of Protaetia fieberi (Kraatz, 1880) (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in European Russia were investigated. This species is reliably known from 26 regions. The limiting factors that prevent the spread to the north, south, and southeast of European Russia have been identified. Within its range, the species inhabits deciduous and mixed forests of various types. The species also inhabits anthropogenic forest ecosystems. In forests, the species adheres to the upper tiers of the forest. Adults feed on the leaking sap on trunks and less often on flowering plants. Seasonal dynamics is characterized by highs from the third decade of June to the second decade of July. The status of the species is being discussed.
Abstract
Studies on saproxylic species of Coleoptera have garnered significant attention due to the rarity of some of them. To investigate the distribution and biology of Protaetia fieberi (Kraatz, 1880) (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in European Russia, we analyzed data from 16 regions collected between 2018 and 2024. This species has been reliably recorded in 26 regions. We describe the species’ distribution area boundaries and discuss limiting factors that inhibit its spread to the north, south, and southeast of European Russia. The primary limiting factor is the lack of suitable biotopes. Within its distribution, Protaetia fieberi prefers deciduous and mixed forests of various types. These habitats include both old-growth forest ecosystems and secondary forests that have regenerated following logging. The species also inhabits man-made forest ecosystems, such as field protection forest belts, old parks, and gardens. In forest ecosystems, Protaetia fieberi tends to occupy the upper levels and is rarely found on the ground layer. Conversely, in open areas such as glades, the species is more commonly found at ground level. This distribution pattern is linked to the adults’ feeding preferences, which include consuming sap on tree trunks in forests and feeding on flowering plants in open ecosystems. The seasonal activity of Protaetia fieberi peaks from the third decade of June to the second decade of July. It is hypothesized that the perceived rarity of Protaetia fieberi in research samples is due to the specific baiting methods used, with beer traps being the most effective. The status of the species is re-evaluated in light of new data, suggesting that Protaetia fieberi is common rather than rare in European Russia.
... Forest ecosystems are one of the most important and largest habitats of plants and animals; in many countries, they are places of regional biodiversity [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Over the past few centuries, with excessive anthropogenic load, forests have turned into managed plantations with a simple structure of stands. ...
Our study focuses on the investigation of the ecological aspects (seasonal dynamics, height distribution, and preference of biotopes) of six species within the genus Panorpa (P. alpina Rambur, 1842, P. cognata Rambur, 1842, P. communis Linnaeus, 1758, P. germanica Linnaeus, 1758, P. hybrida MacLachlan, 1882, and P. vulgaris Imhoff & Labram, 1845). The observed seasonal dynamics predominantly display a monovoltine nature. P. communis was active from the early days of May, with individuals persisting until the beginning of October. Conversely, P. vulgaris exhibits activity from the third decade of May to mid-September. P. hybrida manifests within a concise timeframe, observed from late May to late July. P. cognata demonstrates activity commencing in early May, with individuals observed until the end of September. Within forest environments, the highest population density of all species is concentrated at a height of 1.5 m above ground level, whereas the minimum population density is recorded at a height of 12 m above ground level. P. vulgaris demonstrates comparable abundance across heights ranging from 1.5 to 7.5 m, whereas P. hybrida exhibits uniform distribution solely at heights of 1.5 and 3.5 m. Furthermore, the abundance of P. communis surpasses that at other heights when observed at the height of 1.5 m. Panorpa specimens exhibit an absence in open ecosystems at heights of 8 and 10 m. The peak of population density for all species is consistently identified at heights of 2 and 4 m. The application of six diverse entomological methodologies leads to optimal outcomes. Our investigations reveal that P. communis, P. vulgaris, and P. hybrida display greater attraction to beer traps, while P. cognata exhibits a comparatively diminished propensity for such traps. P. cognata, in contrast, demonstrates a substantial presence in pan traps and pitfall traps. In Malaise traps, pan traps, and pitfall traps, five distinct species were captured, although with a species composition differing from alternative methods. To sum up, for the comprehensive study of Panorpa across an expansive geographical spectrum, it is judicious to integrate both net captures and the use of diverse trap types. In addition, it is necessary to explore all biotopes and tiers of the forest.
... The case study unfolded within the ZRC-VRC, a region distinguished by its abundant biodiversity, water resources, and natural forests [29][30][31][32]. Simultaneously, the area is characterized by the presence of numerous gold deposits in the subsoil and widespread poverty among the local population, where the local community is exposed to a higher rate of inequality and poverty. ...
... This process results in the use and control of the territory for political, social, and economic purposes, which is developed in a differential manner in specific historical-geographical contexts [38]. Local peasant movements acquire roles in the administration of their territories and are given power and resources to limit the expansion of the agricultural frontier and ensure human well-being as well as ecosystem and biodiversity conservation [32,50,51]. ...
... Since 2015, biological characterizations and technical studies have been carried out in the territory to show the level of biodiversity in the areas of the community conservation agreements. These organizational processes have demonstrated the sustainable use of their territories for decades [30][31][32]; territories that have become a refuge for many species, some of them at high or critical risk of extinction, as well as strategic biological corridors for "umbrella species" such as the jaguar, the tapir, or the spectacled bear. From the results found in the biological characterizations carried out in the forest areas of community conservation agreements, particularly in the CoS, the following data stand out, certifying the high biodiversity present in the territories subdivided into species and most outstanding subgroups: Butterflies: 240 species; Small mammals: 28 species; Herptiles: 59 species collected; Primates: 5 species; Plants: 130 species; Aquatic Macroinvertebrates: 12 to 15 families identified; Birds: 250 species identified; Coprophagous beetles: 16 species; Medium and large mammals: 12 species identified (tapirs, jaguar, American cougar, ocelot, and jaguarundi, as well as the spectacled bear) [29,32]. ...
Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) using mercury affects community agreements for the conservation of forests (CoS) and lakes (CoH), which have a high level of biodiversity in the Peasant Reserve Zone of the Cimitarra River Valley (ZRC-VRC) in Colombia. In this research, a multi-criteria approach (MCA) was applied to analyze the impact of ASGM. This analysis is based on the community environmental agreements to preserve CoS and CoH areas, the ecological importance of these areas, as well as the results of mercury dispersion in the Cimitarra river basin, with concentrations found 40 km downstream of the mining area of 0.09 µgTHg L−1 in the Cimitarra river, 0.07 µgTHg L−1 in the CoH, and 0.01 mgTHg kg−1 in the tissues of macrophytes, as well as the increase in deforestation since 2020 in the CoS, due to a 1.8% (990 ha) loss of forest cover, with 693 ha of the forest cover loss coinciding with areas related to the opening of new mines. The MCA showed that the main impact is found within the criterion Social and armed conflict, followed by Deforestation. This research offers recommendations to reduce impact scores, such as the implementation of a sustainable development plan (PDS) of the ZRC-VRC, and it highlights the urgent need to safeguard the community conservation areas.
... To identify the water protection and protective category of forests based on GIS technologies, the following materials were used: remote sensing data of the earth (multi-zone satellite images of medium spatial resolution obtained from the Sentinal 2A\2B satellite, high and ultra-high spatial resolution images available on cartographic services in open sources); topographic maps of 1:100000 scale with a cross-section height terrain of 10 meters; electronic forest maps combined with tax databases. As a result of the study, the role and functions of protective forests along rivers were studied, various approaches to the allocation of protective forests along rivers were considered, a scientifically based method for allocating water protection and protective forests by M.V. Rubtsov was tested based on the use of GIS technologies in a test site, and the results of allocating water protection and protective forests in the area under consideration were evaluated Keywords: geoecology, forest maps, protective zones, GIS technologies, geographical analysis GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES Вследствие повышенного антропогенного воздействия речные долины являются объектом сосредоточения и развития эрозионных процессов, засорения и загрязнения почвы, воды и воздуха [1,2]. Леса в долинах рек, а также на непосредственно прилегающих к ним территориях выполняют целый ряд хозяйственных и биосферных функций: являются источником древесины и недревесных продуктов и полезностей леса; преобразуют климатические факторы и создают благоприятный климат для человека, животных и растений; предотвращают или замедляют водную и ветровую эрозию; аккумулируют продукты эрозии, перехватывая частицы и предметы минерального, органического и другого происхождения; очищают воздух и воду от загрязнений; обогащают воздух кислородом и антибактериальными веществами; снижают шум [3]. ...
... This region is located in the northeast of the Antioquia province and includes six towns (Cáceres, Caucasia, El Bagre, Nechí, Tarazá, and Zaragoza) and covers an area of 811, 683.92 ha (or 8116.84 km 2 ). These forests correspond to primary and secondary vegetation [38]. They are characterized by rich biodiversity, including numerous species of flora [39] and fauna (birds, amphibians, and primates), some of which are endemic to the area. ...
... They are characterized by rich biodiversity, including numerous species of flora [39] and fauna (birds, amphibians, and primates), some of which are endemic to the area. In contrast, the grasslands of Bajo Cauca are expansive and open, characterized by pastures, crops, and tall grasses [38]. ...
Remote sensing technologies have been successfully used for deforestation monitoring, and with the wide availability of satellite products from different platforms, forest monitoring applications have grown in recent years. The observed potential in these technologies motivates the development of forest mapping and monitoring tools that could also be used for neighboring applications like agriculture or land-use mapping. A literature review confirmed the research areas of interest in deforestation monitoring using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and data fusion techniques, which guided the formulation of the method developed in this article consisting of a data preprocessing workflow for SAR (Sentinel-1) and multispectral (Sentinel-2) data and a procedure for the selection of a machine learning model for forest/nonforest segmentation evaluated in different combinations of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 bands. The selected model is a random forest algorithm that uses C-band SAR dual-polarimetric bands, intensity features, and vegetation indices derived from optical/multispectral data. The selected random forest classifier’s balanced accuracies were 79–81%, and the f1-scores were 0.72–0.76 for the validation set. The results allow the obtention of yearly forest/nonforest and forest loss maps in the study area of Bajo Cauca in Colombia, a region with a documented high deforestation rate.
... They found that most positive effects for quality of life, biodiversity conservation or ecosystem restoration come from contexts where indigenous people and local communities play a central role in decision making and local institutions are a recognised part of governance. Trujillo-Arias et al. [92], for example, through a multi-temporal analysis of the forest dynamics, highlight the importance of a peasant reserve zone in the Magdalena Valley region (Colombia) as a successful example of community management in the conservation of a tropical humid forest and endangered species. ...
This essay raises some reflections on the implications of protected areas in the processes of social construction related to the conception of nature, its limitations as a strategy for environmental policies (related to ecosystem connectivity and over the management of human activities linked to its functioning), and its public use (encouraging contemplative and tourist uses over productive activities). This essay focuses on some aspects of protected areas as a territorial management model, with the aim of provoking reflection on their implications to sustainable development.
Las especies silvestres amenazadas y endémicas como el tití gris, Saguinus leucopus, generan gran interés de investigación en distintas áreas del conocimiento; sin embargo, esta actividad se realiza sin seguir una línea o derrotero que evite repetir esfuerzos con trabajos similares. Paralelamente, los estudios generados se encuentran dispersos, lo que limita evaluar de manera objetiva las necesidades de investigación orientadas a la conservación de la especie. Por ende, integrar el conocimiento existente es necesario para proponer planes de conservación y establecer prioridades de investigación. Evaluamos el estado del conocimiento del tití gris, a partir de una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Definimos once temáticas de investigación para explorar los temas más recurrentes y los menos abordados. En total, analizamos 139 estudios de los cuales 39 fueron realizados en el departamento de Caldas, seguido por los departamentos de Antioquia, Tolima y Bolívar con 30, 21 y diez respectivamente. Las temáticas más recurrentes fueron conservación con 36 estudios y salud con 28. Las temáticas menos estudiadas tanto a escala nacional como regional fueron los aspectos reproductivos, estudios de diversidad y dieta con cuatro, ocho y nueve estudios, respectivamente. Bolívar fue el departamento con mayor prioridad para el desarrollo de investigaciones, mientras que Caldas presentó una mayor prioridad de investigación en temáticas relacionadas con la salud de los individuos. Finalmente esperamos que los resultados aporten al plan de conservación del titi gris y contribuyan a la toma de decisiones de las instituciones involucradas en este proceso.
(1) Background: Carabidae is one of the most diverse families of Coleoptera. Many species of Carabidae are sensitive to anthropogenic impacts and are indicators of their environmental state. Some species of large beetles are on the verge of extinction. The aim of this research is to describe the Carabidae fauna of the Republic of Mordovia (central part of European Russia); (2) Methods: The research was carried out in April-September 1979, 1987, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2007–2022. Collections were performed using a variety of methods (light trapping, soil traps, window traps, etc.). For each observation, the coordinates of the sampling location, abundance, and dates were recorded; (3) Results: The dataset contains data on 251 species of Carabidae from 12 subfamilies and 4576 occurrences. A total of 66,378 specimens of Carabidae were studied. Another 29 species are additionally known from other publications. Also, twenty-two species were excluded from the fauna of the region, as they were determined earlier by mistake (4). Conclusions: The biodiversity of Carabidae in the Republic of Mordovia included 280 species from 12 subfamilies. Four species (Agonum scitulum, Lebia scapularis, Bembidion humerale, and Bembidion tenellum) were identified for the first time in the Republic of Mordovia.
Dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/5zvf4v. Accessed on (12 October 2023)
Dataset License: Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License
