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The invasive water primrose Ludwigia grandiflora in an old branch of the River Leda, Germany, 11 September 2010. A) Colonization in the central part. B) Dense stand at the southern end; insert: bright yellow flower with five petals, approx. 5 cm in diameter. C) Scattered young plants. Perspectives of photos are marked in Figure 2 (photographs by Stefan Nehring).
Source publication
A population of Ludwigia grandiflora, an aquatic weed from South America, has been recorded in the North West of Germany near Leer, Lower Saxony in an old branch of the River Leda, a tributary of the River Ems. This species is new to the German flora. After an initial observation of only a few individuals in 2004, a dense growth of L. grandiflora h...
Context in source publication
Citations
... Ludwigia (Onagraceae) is an aquatic plant genus native to Central and South America (Mabberley, 2017) and is now distributed not only in many other tropical countries but also in some temperate countries (Dandelot et al., 2005;Hussner, 2010;Nehring and Kolthoff, 2011). Many Ludwigia spp. ...
We aimed to determine seed germination responses and flood tolerance of Ludwigia hyssopifolia and L. perennis that grow in rice fields in Rajgir, India. Freshly-matured seeds were incubated in 12 hr / 12 hr light / dark and complete darkness at constant 25 o C and natural daily fluctuating temperatures. Seeds exposed to different light durations were then incubated in complete darkness. Seeds exposed to different flooding durations were incubated in continuous flooded or non-flooded environments. Seeds of both species germinated within four days in light/dark but failed to germinate in complete darkness, revealing their nondormant and positive photoblastic behavior. Some seeds of both species (10-20 %) germinated in complete darkness after exposure to light for 24h. Seeds failed to produce normal seedlings in a continuously flooded environment. Seeds of the two studied species tolerate at least one week of flood. Seeds of L. perennis have a higher tolerance to flooding than those of L. hyssopifolia, which survived four weeks in a flooded environment. The two species have the same germination behaviour but differ in ability to tolerate flooding. Since seeds of both species are nondormant, positively photoblastic, and have different degrees of flood tolerance, a flooding regime of rice fields will not be sufficient to control these weeds.
... Lietuvos klimato sąlygos nepalankios šilkinėms lespedezoms natūralizuotis ir plisti. (Nehring, Kolthoff, 2011). Dabar jų aptinkama Airijoje, Belgijoje, Graikijoje, Ispanijoje, Italijoje, Jungtinėje Karalystėje, Nyderlanduose, Prancūzijoje, Vokietijoje, o Šveicarijoje ji jau išnaikinta. ...
... Sudaro labai tankius sąžalynus ir išstumia beveik visus vietinius augalus. Stambiažiedės liudvigijos reikšmingai pakeičia buveinių sąlygas, todėl pasikeičia visa vandens telkinio ekosistema ir jos biologinė įvairovė (Nehring, Kolthoff, 2011). ...
This publication reports data on the assessment of the status of invasive and alien species in Lithuania, obtained during the period 2019–2022 within the framework of the project “Investigations of the Status of Invasive and Alien Species in Lithuania”, which was co-financed by the European Union Structural Funds according to the 5th Priority of the Operational Programme for the European Union Funds’ Investments in 2014-2020 “Environment, sustainable use of natural resources and adaptation to climate change” under the measure “Biodiversity protection” (05.5.1 APVA-V-018). The implementing authority of the project is the Environmental Projects Management Agency under the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. The project (Contract No. 05.5.1-APVA-V-018-01-0012) was carried out by the Nature Research Centre.
The book is in Lithuanian, but there is an extended summary in English at the end of the book (pages 265-295).
... In contrast, SAV species have significant challenges to overcome in terms of CO 2 and light availability throughout the water column, both of which substantially affect photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth. Light availability within the water column is typically a major limiting factor for SAV to survive in deep or turbid environments, or where FAV mats cover the water surface (Nehring and Kolthoff 2011;Khanna et al. 2012;Santos et al. 2016). We have observed in rake surveys we conducted throughout the Delta that no SAV species are able to survive below dense FAV mats. ...
... Non-native aquatic vegetation around the globe has been shown to strongly modify habitats by changing channel bathymetry, water temperature, flow velocity, turbidity, and the availability of light and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water column (Wilcock et al. 1999;Dandelot et al. 2005;Nehring and Kolthoff 2011;Lacy et al. 2021). Through these effects, non-native aquatic vegetation has directly affected ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, sedimentation, plant community composition , and carbon storage (Cook and Urmi-König 1984;). ...
... SAV can have large effects on nutrient cycling in systems by mobilizing nutrients from sediments then releasing them into the water column when they senesce at the end of the growing season or in response to control treatments (Nichols and Shaw 1986). Studies have indicated that both SAV and FAV reduce DO in the water column (Penfound and Earle 1948;Grimaldo and Hymanson 1999;Dandelot et al. 2005;Nehring and Kolthoff 2011;Tobias et al. 2019), which can then mobilize P from the substrate, making it available for uptake, and changing nutrient cycling pathways in invaded areas (Aiken et al. 1979;Cook and Urmi-König 1984;Mazzeo et al. 2003). Dense growth of SAV produces strong diel patterns of DO with super-saturation at the end of the day and under-saturation at night (Anderson et al. 2017). ...
Substantial increases in non-native aquatic vegetation have occurred in the upper San Francisco Estuary over the last 2 decades, largely from the explosive growth of a few submerged and floating aquatic plant species. Some of these species act as ecosystem engineers by creating conditions that favor their further growth and expansion as well as by modifying habitat for other organisms. Over the last decade, numerous studies have investigated patterns of expansion and turn-over of aquatic vegetation species; effects of vegetation on ecosystem health, water quality, and habitat; and effects of particular species or communities on physical processes such as carbon and sediment dynamics. Taking a synthetic approach to evaluate what has been learned over the last few years has shed light on just how significant aquatic plant species and communities are to ecosystems in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Aquatic vegetation affects every aspect of the physical and biotic environment, acting as ecosystem engineers on the landscape. Furthermore, their effects are constantly changing across space and time, leaving many unanswered questions about the full effects of aquatic vegetation on Delta ecosystems and what future effects may result, as species shift in distribution and new species are introduced. Remaining knowledge gaps underlie our understanding of aquatic macrophyte effects on Delta ecosystems, including their roles and relationships with respect to nutrients and nutrient cycling, evapotranspiration and water budgets, carbon and sediment, and emerging effects on fish species and their habitats. This paper explores our current understanding of submerged and floating aquatic vegetation (SAV and FAV) ecology with respect to major aquatic plant communities, observed patterns of change, interactions between aquatic vegetation and the physical environment, and how these factors affect ecosystem services and disservices within the upper San Francisco Estuary.
... Many invasives may directly compete with other species by secreting allelopathic chemicals that reduce germination and seedling survival or by changing light accessibility [5,3,6]. Invasives may also significantly impact invertebrate distribution, diversity, and abundance; induce anoxic conditions detrimental to fish and other aquatic life [5,7]; and act as barriers to fish movement [6,4]. They also reduce open water habitats for water birds and other wildlife [4]. ...
... Over the years, remote sensing has received much attention, especially for the detection of invasive species [13,1,14,15,16,17,18,19]. Specifically, there has been an increasing interest in detecting and monitoring aquatic invasive species [10,16,17,7] due to the severe negative impacts they can have on ecosystems. One prime example of invasive aquatic species are water hyacinths and ludwigia [10,7,16,17]. ...
... Specifically, there has been an increasing interest in detecting and monitoring aquatic invasive species [10,16,17,7] due to the severe negative impacts they can have on ecosystems. One prime example of invasive aquatic species are water hyacinths and ludwigia [10,7,16,17]. Due to improvements in sensor technology and the availability of UAVs, the use of unmanned aircraft has gained a lot of attention [10,20,18,19]. The low costs of acquisition and operation, paired with the ability to be deployed almost instantly without significant planning, have made them a viable alternative compared to more expensive data like Manned Aerial Vehicles or satellites. ...
Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance. It is being broadly used to monitor ecosystems, mainly for their preservation. Ever-growing reports of invasive species have affected the natural balance of ecosystems. Exotic invasive species have a critical impact when introduced into new ecosystems and may lead to the extinction of native species. In this study, we focus on Ludwigia peploides, considered by the European Union as an aquatic invasive species. Its presence can negatively impact the surrounding ecosystem and human activities such as agriculture, fishing, and navigation. Our goal was to develop a method to identify the presence of the species. We used images collected by a drone-mounted multispectral sensor to achieve this, creating our LudVision data set. To identify the targeted species on the collected images, we propose a new method for detecting Ludwigia p. in multispectral images. The method is based on existing state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods modified to handle multispectral data. The proposed method achieved a producer's accuracy of 0.799 and a user's accuracy of 0.955.
... This high availability of organic carbon and TP could have resulted in a high biological oxygen demand, thus lowering the oxygen concentration in the water layer. Decaying mats of Ludwigia species have been known to cause anoxic conditions in shallow systems, with negative impact on fish and other fauna (Nehring and Kolthoff, 2011). Although Ludwigia was removed completely from our impact site, the high availability of TOC and TP remained and was possibly enhanced by sediment disturbance or phytoplankton growth. ...
Mass development of macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems is today considered a worldwide problem and substantial resources are spent on macrophyte removal each year. By removing the dominant primary producer, however, this management practice radically changes the ecosystem overnight. Here, we studied short-term effects of the removal of a mass development of free-floating (Pontederia crassipes), submerged (Elodea nuttallii) and emergent (mix of Ludwigia grandiflora and L. peploides) macrophytes on fluxes of CH4 and CO2 in three lakes. In our field experiment, we assigned an impact site, where macrophytes were removed, and a control site where vegetation remained. Before and after removal, diffusive fluxes of CO2 and CH4 were determined in lakes dominated by P. crassipes and E. nuttallii, whereas total emission of CH4 was determined in all three case study lakes. Additionally, plant biomass, and physical and chemical parameters were measured before and after removal. While removal of emergent Ludwigia spp. showed no clear effect on total CH4 emission, removal of submerged E. nuttallii reduced both CO2 fixation and total CH4 emission. Removal of free-floating P. crassipes, on the other hand, increased CH4 fluxes and stimulated phytoplankton blooms. The lack of a universal response across our case study lakes suggests that both macrophyte life forms and environmental parameters can be important factors determining effects of removal. Additionally, indirect effects of macrophyte removal on temperature and dissolved oxygen can help to explain carbon emissions. Long-term effects should be studied to allow development of sustainable management practices.
... Lake ecosystems, like many others, have undergone major humancaused environmental changes during the last centuries. Many lakes experienced eutrophication and pollution and have been invaded by alien species (Anderson et al., 2014;Nehring & Kolthoff, 2011;Smith, 2003). Moreover, recreational and other infrastructures along the shores have reduced the connectivity of floodplains, wetlands and shoreline meadows (Ostendorp, 2012), and land-use changes have modified the vegetation surrounding the lakes. ...
Many European lake ecosystems, including their respective catchment areas, underwent anthropogenic environmental changes over the last centuries. This has resulted in changes in the aquatic and terrestrial vegetation, but historical records on the composition of the past vegetation on centennial scale are scarce. In this study, we examined changes in the terrestrial and aquatic plant communities in and around Lower Lake Constance using metabarcoding of sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) of three cores from different sub‐basins covering the past, up to 300 years. We successfully identified an average of c. 3000 sequence variants (molecular operational taxonomic units ‐ MOTUs) and obtained a taxonomically annotated dataset of 127 species, 104 genera, and 72 families. We could detect major changes in the terrestrial and aquatic vegetation of the Lower Lake Constance region by examining the cores. For example, alpha diversity decreased in the last c. 100 years, and this decrease was more pronounced in the terrestrial than in the aquatic plant community. Unlike the terrestrial plant community, the current aquatic plant‐community composition partially resembles the community from before the 20th‐century eutrophication phase of the lake. In addition to changes that can be attributed to anthropogenic impacts, we also captured the effect of DNA sedimentation on the terrestrial DNA diversity representation in sediments during periods of extensive flooding and potentially as a consequence of extremely cold winters. With sedDNA from Lower Lake Constance, we provide a new local dataset to investigate and extend the historical changes of different shoreline habitats and to identify characteristic and invasive plant species. Such highly resolved datasets spanning the past centuries can provide detailed information on human environmental history in densely populated regions that have undergone severe changes in the recent past.
... invasions can cause reductions in macroinvertebrate and fish populations (Stiers et al. 2011). Dense stands create a barrier for the movement of fish (Thouvenot et al. 2013) and degrade habitat quality for waterfowl and other migratory birds by displacing desirable wildlife, food plants, and open water habitat (Nehring andKolthoff 2011, Grewell et al. 2016a). ...
Exotic water primroses are aggressive invaders in both
aquatic and riparian ecosystems worldwide. Water primrose
[Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu & P. H.
Raven], floating primrose-willow [Ludwigia peploides (Kunth)
P. H. Raven subsp. peploides], floating primrose-willow
[Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P. H. Raven subsp. montevidensis
(Spreng.) P. H. Raven], Uruguay waterprimrose [Ludwigia
grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet], and the winged
waterprimrose (Ludwigia decurrens Walter) have naturalized
in aquatic ecosystems in the United States and are the focus
of this study. The only control tools available to resource
managers for suppression of Ludwigia spp. are physical and
chemical methods, but these options are often limited in
effectiveness and by costs and regulatory constraints.
Biological control is an alternative that can be used alone
or in combination with traditional methods. The purposes
of this study were to explore the feasibility of a biological
control program targeting problematic Ludwigia spp. in the
United States and to propose a list of plant species for
consideration during host range studies of candidate
herbivores. A variety of native insects feed on Ludwigia
spp. in the United States; however, most are generalists and
have no appreciable influence on plant growth or fitness.
Foreign exploration for natural enemies of Ludwigia spp. in
South America suggests that a rich herbivore fauna is
associated with the plants in their native range. Candidate
agents must have section-level host specificity because
several Ludwigia spp. are also native to the United States.
Therefore, the plant test list is designed to distinguish
herbivore host ranges based on the phylogenetic relationships of the test plants. For those Ludwigia spp. for which
eradication may no longer be possible because the weed is
regionally abundant, biological control may be the primary
control option when traditional methods are not feasible.
... obs.). Such modifications in the environment have profound cascading impacts on insect assemblage compositions and fish populations (Toft et al. 2003;Nehring and Kolthoff 2011). Lastly, invasive submerged plants such as hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) and Carolina fanwort (C. ...
... Extensive colonization of riparian wetlands by woody plants can further alter channel structure and water movement (Huddle et al. 2011). Similarly, the expansion of invasive macrophytes such as curly pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), leafy elodea (Egeria densa), and water primrose (Ludwigia spp.) throughout a wetland can alter water flows by decreasing water velocity (Champion and Tanner 2000;Nehring and Kolthoff 2011). ...
... For example, extensive burrowing by invasive crayfish induces riverbank erosion, which releases sediments into the waterbody and, consequently, poses a disturbance for both natural ecosystems (including wetlands) and agricultural fields (Barbaresi et al. 2004). Rapid and extensive increases in plant cover by invasive wetland species can facilitate the accumulation of fine sediments in the surrounding area and, in turn, impact channel and floodplain evolution as well as soil properties and nutrient availability (Nehring and Kolthoff 2011;Meier et al. 2013). ...
Wetlands are unique, highly biodiverse ecosystems of high conservation value that provide multiple ecosystem services to human society. However, the dynamic nature of wetlands creates abundant opportunities for the establishment and spread of invasive species, especially those well adapted to the current global prevalence of environmental change. Wetland invasibility is influenced by ongoing changes in climate and human land use (e.g., hydrologic modifications and eutrophication). Invasive species, in turn, can change the community composition and structure of the colonized wetlands through direct competition, predation, habitat alterations, hybridization, and pathogen transmission. Invaders can also alter ecosystem functioning, including hydrology, sedimentation, fire regimes, food webs, nutrient cycling, and succession. These changes in the biotic community and ecosystem functioning can affect human derived wetland services such as navigation, water distribution, and resource provision, as well as exaggerate problems related to human health. Although we currently possess diverse tools for managing individual species invasions, the current rate of global change may require creative approaches to achieve management success in the near future. Single-species or single-parameter approaches are unlikely to provide sustained biodiversity protection in this time of unprecedented environmental change, and hierarchical or multi-stressor approaches may become the new norm for managing wetland invasion.
... La tendencia expansiva de esta especie está documentada en lugares donde es nativa (Schüttler & Karez 2008;Cuasquer & al. 2016), así como su comportamiento invasor donde se ha naturalizado (Dandelot 2004). Ello no resulta extraño, tratándose de un género con numerosas especies con esas características (Dandelot 2004;Dandelot & al. 2005;Wagner & al. 2007;Schüttler & Karez 2008;Brunel & al. 2010;Nehring & Kolthoff 2011;Oziegbe & Faluyi 2012), incluso en Cuba (Oviedo & González-Oliva 2015). ...
The introduction of Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (Mart.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) into Cuba, by an unknown route, as well as its successful naturalization and sustained increase in its area of occupation for over 40 years is here confirmed. The importance of the quantity and quality of its diasporas for dispersal and establishment in new territories is discussed, as well as the effectiveness of the dispersal agents. The negative impacts (difficulties in the management of aquariums, sedimentation, blocking of light entry, reduction of oxygen exchange, and displacement of native species) and the positive impacts (food for fauna and bacteria housing that reduce pollution) of the introduction of this species were identified. An alert is issued regarding the possible expansion of this species to new freshwater reservoirs in the country.
... Ludwigia grandiflora et Ludwigia peploides. Aujourd'hui, la jussie a colonisé de nombreux pays en Europe, tels que l'Allemagne, la Belgique, l'Espagne, l'Italie, l'Irlande, la Suisse, ou encore les Pays-Bas (Nehring and Kolthoff, 2011) ...
Dans un contexte d’expansion des espèces invasives, leur survie et succès sont conditionnés par leur capacité à s’adapter. En France, Ludwigia grandiflora (jussie) a envahi bon nombre de biotopes aquatiques et son déploiement récent dans les prairies humides a conduit à l’apparition de deux morphotypes, l’un aquatique et l’autre dit « terrestre ». L’objectif de cette thèse visait à mieux comprendre les capacités d’acclimatation de la jussie au milieu terrestre en explorant les sources de flexibilité que sont les mécanismes génétiques et épigénétiques. Les réponses des morphotypes aquatique et terrestre à différentes contraintes hydriques ont été évaluées via l’observation des traits morphologiques et développementaux, des dosages de métabolites et de phytohormones. La piste épigénétique a été abordée par l’utilisation d’une drogue hypométhylante, la zébularine. Ces travaux ont montré que L. grandiflora adapte son développement et son métabolisme avec des valeurs de biomasses élevées etLe morphotype terrestre présente des valeurs de traits plus importants que ceux du morphotype aquatique, quelle que soit la condition. Cependant, la plasticité phénotypique est plus importante chez le morphotype aquatique. Enfin, l’épigénétique via la méthylation de l’ADN semble impliquée dans la transition du morphotype aquatique vers le milieu terrestre. Nos résultats suggèrent une implication de la méthylation de l’ADN et de la plasticité phénotypique dans la réponse de la jussie au changement de milieu. Le morphotype terrestre ayant des capacités supérieures au morphotype aquatique, sa
