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The economic efficiency of building core sunlighting systems (BCSS) that are used to deliver sunlight into building core is essential for their widespread use. This study analyses the costs and benefits of using the BCSS through a parametric evaluation process considering key parameters, such as installed and saved lighting power, electricity costs...
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... linear decrease in the electricity savings is occurred in the three scenarios (Figure 2), however, a nonlinear increase in the BP are occurred, as the NPV curves meet the time line in 10.3, 12.9 and 17.6 years respectively. Figure 6 presents better understanding of the influence of the electricity savings change on the PB trends. ...
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Citations
... For maintenance cost, both active and passive daylighting systems require a regular basis of cleaning to ensure the optimal performance of the system. Hence, the cleaning cost can be considered the most dominant factor in the maintenance of both daylighting systems [73]. Additionally, active daylighting system requires extra maintenance costs for the tracking mechanism such as equipment service and repair cost. ...
... The minimum payback period of the investment is 41 years based only on savings on lighting electricity, but the benefits should be beyond the electricity-saving that include occupants' well-being, safety increase of an electrical blackout, high rental and resell value [77]. In the same year, Mayhoub and Papamichael conducted a cost-benefit analysis for building core sunlighting system (BCSS) by varying electricity cost, electricity-saving, initial cost, and cleaning cost [73]. Their study concluded that the increment of electricity has a significant impact on the reduction of the payback period of the BCSS. ...
According to the International Energy Agency, nearly 20% of worldwide electricity is used up by lighting. This is equal to the total electricity nuclear power generates. Thus, it is needy to explore new technologies for direct use of sunlight via integrating daylight system to the building, which is cost-saving, environment-friendly, and a green solution rather than indirect conversion of electricity to lighting even from renewable sources. In this paper, we present a review on the existing technologies of daylighting systems up to date and how they can provide lighting in a building interior via collection and distribution of sunlight. Our review is a comprehensive study to embrace both passive daylighting system with stationary design and active daylighting system equipped with sun tracking. The economic feasibility, general challenges, and prospects of daylighting systems are also discussed to understand the existing problems that hinder the extensive deployment of daylighting systems. In conclusion, more research works are needed in improving the technological development of a daylighting system so that it is more affordable, environment-friendly, less energy-intensive, and easy to install and gives uniform illumination for the effective application in both commercial building and residential houses.
... The daylighting of the building core areas is thus one of the challenges in sustainable building designs [9], and the building core lighting by equipment (e.g. light pipes) can be difficult to design [10] and pay-back [11]. An atrium is common in commercial buildings such as shopping malls, which involve an extensive open space across multiple floors for vertical transport and space sensations [12]. ...
The skylight on the roof of an atrium can be popular for commercial malls to illuminate the core area of the building. However, the solar radiation and its heat can get into the building together with the daylight, causing excessive cooling load. This paper studies the daylighting and energy performances of skylight coverage area for the air-conditioned atriums in the hot and humid regions. The energy performance with different atrium heights, glass types and the coverage ratios of the skylight are studied. The daylight performance was simulated by the ray-tracing Radiance and was transferred into EnergyPlus for energy evaluations. The finding suggested that, for hot and humid climates, the skylight coverage ratio should be controlled carefully to prevent the excessive solar heat gain. When the on/off lighting control is applied, the total energy consumption of the single-floor cases (or of the top floor for the multi-floor cases) leveled off when the coverage ratio of the skylight reached 9%. Thus, the skylight is favorable to the energy saving of the low-rise or single-floor commercial buildings only under the current assumptions, as the ground of the atrium cannot be well illuminated while the excessive solar radiation gets into the building. The skylight should be shaded in cooling seasons to prevent the excessive solar heat gains.
... The study concluded that the cost of cleaning is a very influential parameter. The authors stated that "values higher than $2/m 2 (of served area by the IDS) are not expected to result in a positive return of investment in the installation of the building core sunlighting system" [26]. Since cleaning costs have been proven to be crucial, the current study breaks down this parameter into a number of subparameters in order to facilitate further investigation. ...
... This study is intended to build up the cost/benefit analysis study that conducted by Mayhoub and Papmicheal to parametrically assess the economic performance of building core sunlighting system [26]. However, the generic nature of this study makes it applicable with any daylighting system. ...
... The automated cleaning results are presented in the form of a PB matrix. The PB of the cleaning system can be added to the PB of the building core sunlighting system (classified as an IDS) that are calculated in a previous study [26]. Then, the total PB of an IDS facilitated by an automated cleaning system can be determined. ...
The economic feasibility of innovative daylighting systems (IDS) is usually estimated without considering the impact of cleaning costs. This study determines the most sensitive parameters affecting the cost of cleaning, whether the process is manual or automated. The net present value method was used to estimate the payback period of investments in automated cleaning systems. This study recommends that the development and implementation of automated cleaning systems not exceed the cost of $10/m² of the served area. Auto-cleaned IDS are expected to require 32% more time than normal IDS to return the investment. This work generated two matrices for predicting the economic performances of cleaning systems prior to their implementation. The first parametrically presents the payback periods of automated cleaning systems in a wide range of configurations. The second parametrically presents the annual manual cleaning cost as a percentage of the monetary value of the energy savings gained due to utilization of the IDS. For the IDS to achieve peak economic performance, the annual manual cleaning cost must be less than the annual energy savings, which can be expected for a wide range of operating circumstances using the generated matrix.
... Utilization of efficient artificial lighting, such as LED, can reduce the electrical energy consumption [3][4][5]. An excellent design of interior natural light illumination would contribute to a lower consumption of electrical energy [6]. ...
This paper presented a symmetric prismatic daylight collector to collect daylight for the natural light illumination system. We analyzed the characteristics of the emerging light when the parallel light beam illuminate on the horizontally placed symmetric prismatic daylight collector. The ratio of the relative intensities of collected daylight that emerging from each surface of the daylight collector shown that the ratio is varied with the incident angle during a day. The simulation of the emerging light of the daylight collector shown that the ratio of emerging light is varied with the tilted angle when sunshine illuminated on a symmetric prismatic daylight collector which was not placed horizontally. The integration of normalized intensity is also varied with the tilted angle. The symmetric prismatic daylight collector with the benefits of reducing glare and dividing intensity of incident daylight, it is applicable to using in the natural light illumination system and hybrid system for improving the efficiency of utilizing of solar energy.
With the rise of renewable energy systems, there is an increased demand for improved designs of daylighting devices that work without any external energy source to illuminate the deep dark spaces of buildings. Most of the present designs deliver only low light levels especially during the early morning and late evening. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of specifically designed parabolic-profile collector that redirects the low altitude incident rays of the sun efficiently into a mirror light pipe and thus enhances the lighting to desired levels in the building. Numerical analyses of the same were carried out for the summer solstice, winter solstice, and the autumn equinox for clear sky conditions. Experimental results for the proposed design validated the enhancement in light levels during low altitude sun and controlled lighting during the mid-day sun. The average lighting value obtained through the configured collector during low altitude sun was more than twice the lighting value achieved by a conventional daylight-collecting dome and was ∼20% higher than a prismatic collector.
