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Objective
This study aimed to determine the characteristics of vulvo-vaginal infections in 14- to 18-year-old girls in late puberty.
Methods
From July 2016 to June 2019, 487 14- to 18-year-old girls with vulvo-vaginal infection in late puberty in West China Second University Hospital were retrospectively studied. The incidence of bacterial vaginos...
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Background
Sexual assault is a major form of sexual violence affecting one out of every five women in the world. It is a complex problem with many consequences including sexually transmitted infections, posttraumatic stress disorder and risk of unintended pregnancy in reproductive-aged survivors of sexual assault.
Objective
To assess the magnitude...
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Citations
... The top five pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Earlier studies from various countries or regions showed Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae were the two most identified pathogenic bacteria found in prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis (11,12,27), which was consistent with our result. Previous study indicated AV can be frequently caused by Group B streptococci, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus (28). ...
Background
Genital inflammation is one of the most frequent clinical complaints among girls, which was easily overlooked by the general public. This study aimed to investigate the patterns and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric and adolescent female genital inflammation in China.
Methods
A retrospective observational study (2011 to 2018) was conducted among all female patients under the age of 0–18 years at the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology of The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Data were collected from the electronic medical records. The abnormal vaginal discharge of patient was collected for microbiological investigation by bacterial and fungal culture. Descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the genital inflammation pattern and epidemiological characteristics, including age, season, and type of infected pathogens.
Results
A total of 49,175 patients met the eligibility criteria of genital inflammation and 16,320 patients later came to the hospital for follow-up over the study period. The number of first-visit increased gradually from 3,769 in 2011 to 10,155 in 2018. The peak age of the first visit was 0–6 years old. Non-specific vulvovaginitis, lichen sclerosis, and labial adhesion were the top three genital inflammation. Among the top five potential common pathogens of vaginal infection, the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae cases was the highest (31.42%, 203/646), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (27.74%, 176/646), Candida albicans (14.09%, 91/646), Escherichia coli (8.51%, 55/646), and Staphylococcus aureus (6.35%, 41/636). The specific disease categories and pathogens of genital inflammation vary by age groups and season.
Conclusion
Our study summarizes the pattern of pediatric and adolescent female genital inflammation over an 8-year period in China, emphasizing the need for more public awareness, healthcare services and research in this field.
... In this study, pathogenic bacteria were detected in 54.78% of the women with vaginitis. Single and mixed infections were found in 69.72% (5959/8547) and 30 Dai et al. [2] reported that BV was the most common cause of vaginitis among Tibetan women, followed by VVC and TV. In Shanghai, among women with vaginal symptoms, the positive pathogen rate was 65.6%, and TV accounted for 18.9% of the patients; mixed infections were found in 35.0% ...
... The incidence of vaginitis is closely related to age. Studies have shown that women of different ages have different levels of vaginal infections due to their diverse physical conditions and personal habits [29,30]. The leading cause of vaginal infection in women of childbearing age is sex. ...
Background
To explore the pathogen distribution in Chinese females with vaginitis.
Methods
This retrospective study included Chinese females with vaginitis admitted at the outpatient department of the Gynecology Clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2013 and June 2013. Data on the vaginal pathogens and inflammation were analyzed.
Results
The vaginal secretions from 15,601 gynecologic outpatients were abnormal, including 8547 (54.78%) with vaginal infection and 7054 (45.22%) without. In patients with vaginal infections, a single infection was observed in 69.72% (5959/8547) of them, and mixed infection was observed in 30.28% (2588/8547). The differences in age and inflammation grade between the infection and no-infection groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). In addition, multiple types of vaginitis could be diagnosed in patients with mixed infections.
Conclusions
About half of the Chinese women with abnormal vaginal secretions are positive for pathogens in the study period. Patients’ age and inflammation grade are associated with co-infection. From the public health perspective, this study suggests that the importance of vaginal hygiene should be enforced in Chinese women.
... In prepubertal girls, we isolated mostly Gram-positive cocci and Enterobacteriaceae as demonstrated in earlier studies [11,13]. In contrast, vulvovaginal candidiasis and BV were commonly detected in adolescents, as previously published [2,[14][15][16]. To our knowledge, there are very few reports in the literature comprising such large series as presented in this study. ...
... In these girls where vaginal flora is enriched by lactobacilli, G. vaginalis and different anaerobes can be isolated even without any evidence of sexual transmission [1,14,21]. Huppert et al. reported a BV prevalence of 23% in adolescents 14 to 19 years old while Xu et al. reported an incidence of BV and intermediate type of BV of 25.7% and 19.3%, respectively, in girls in late puberty, stating that these girls are more susceptible to BV and that more attention should be paid to menstrual hygiene [16,28]. Vaca et al. reported a 31.5% BV prevalence in adolescent girls in Ecuador, suggesting as possible factors for the increased prevalence, genetic, behavioural and environmental causes [14]. ...
... Usually, vulvovaginitis due to Candida species, as an oestrogen-dependent condition, is more prevalent in pubertal girls and quite unusual in prepuberty [3,4,8,10,20]. Higher oestrogen levels during puberty together with higher glucose levels in the vaginal milieu and poor menstrual hygiene are predisposing factors for vaginal candidiasis [13,16]. Undoubtedly, in the presence of risk factors such as recent systemic antibiotic treatment, immunosupression, diabetes mellitus or sexual abuse, the incidence may increase in both groups [33]. ...
Vulvovaginitis is a common and challenging gynaecological problem in prepubertal and pubertal girls. Such an infection, owing to a wide range of aetiologies, if not responding to hygienic measures, needs further investigation through vaginal cultures, since treatment should be tailored accordingly. This study aimed to investigate the pathogens isolated in prepubertal and pubertal girls with signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis. A total of 2314 symptomatic girls, 1094 prepubertal and 1220 pubertal, aged 2 to 16 years, were included. Vaginal samples were inoculated on specific culture plates followed by incubation in aerobic, anaerobic or CO2 atmosphere at 37 °C for 24 or 48 h, as appropriate. The identification of the isolated pathogens was carried out using Gram stain, conventional methods and the automated system VITEK 2 (BioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France). Positive cultures were obtained from 587 (53.7%) of prepubertal girls and 926 (75.9%) of pubertal girls. A total of 613 and 984 pathogens were detected in prepubertal and pubertal subjects, respectively. Isolated bacteria included 40.1% and 22.8% Gram-positive cocci, 35.6% and 24.8% Gram-negative rods in the prepubertal and pubertal groups, respectively, with faecal pathogens being the most prevalent. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 22.8% of prepubertal and 37.9% of pubertal girls. Candida species were isolated mostly in the pubertal girls (14.5%).
Conclusion: Culture results should be evaluated with caution in children with vulvovaginitis. In the prepubertal girls, the most common isolated pathogens were opportunistic bacteria of faecal origin while girls in late puberty were more susceptible to bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.What is Known:
• Vulvovaginitis is the most frequent and challenging reason for referral to paediatric and adolescent gynaecology services.
• Microbiological examination can prove to be a significant tool to help diagnosis although results should be evaluated with caution in children.
What is New:
• Significantly more positive vaginal cultures and pathogens were recorded in symptomatic pubertal girls compared to prepubertal children.
• The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was increased in both prepubertal and pubertal girls with vulvovaginitis although significantly more in girls at puberty.
... This is consistent with the results of the present study. In a retrospective study on 487 girls aged 14-18 years with adolescent vulvovaginitis (18), the incidence of BV in the 17-year-old group was higher than that of other age groups. The incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and Candida infections in the 17-and 18-year-old groups was higher than that in the 14-year-old group. ...
Background and objectives:
Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans are the most common causative agents of bacterial vaginosis, and infections with these pathogens lead to inflammation, endometritis, and pruritus. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the trends of G. vaginalis infections based on real-time PCR data according to age and sex in patients with sexually transmitted diseases.
Materials and methods:
A total of 59,381 specimens isolated at a clinical laboratory from September 2018 to December 2020 were subjected to real-time PCR for the detection of G. vaginalis DNA. Sample types included catheter, pus, tissue, swab, and urine samples.
Results:
Among 59,381 samples, 20,718 (34.8%) were positive for G. vaginalis. Of the positive samples, 13,186 (63.7%) were from male patients and 7,532 (36.3%) were from female patients. Average patient age was 39.1 years (the average age of male and female patients was 38.34 and 40.43 years, respectively). Female patients younger than 19 years exhibited the highest incidence of G. vaginalis, at 71.57%, followed by 68.46% incidence in those aged 20-29 years; the lowest incidence was in women aged 40-49 years. Further, among specimen types, the highest number of G. vaginalis-positive specimens was obtained by the swab sampling method.
Conclusion:
From 2018 to 2020 in Korea, the number of tests conducted for bacterial vaginosis has increased, while the incidence of G. vaginalis infections appears to have decreased. the finding that female adolescents have a high tendency to carry the pathogen is important. and for effective surveillance of BV, sampling by cotton swabs and detection by multiplex PCR might be a good approach.
... %. It mainly related with hormonal changes, poor hygiene, decreased immunity, and de ciency of parents' care and knowledge of reproductive health (Xu et al. 2020). Hence, the increasing prevalence of C. albicans infection in adolescents should attract su cient attention. ...
Candidalysin is a cytolytic peptide secreted by Candida albicans , an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that was widely spread in clinic and in the environment. However, its impacts on the development of aquatic organisms remain limited. Herein, we explored the developmental effects of candidalysin on embryonic zebrafish at concentrations from 0.008 to 160 mg/L. In acute exposure, decreased survival rate with EC 50 at 49.5 mg/L were observed. Meanwhile, in high-dose exposure groups (5-160 mg/L), an increased swimming frequency were observed at candidalysin concentrations of 10 mg/L and above. In chronic exposure, decreased spontaneous contraction, hatching rate and heart rate were identified in low-dose exposure groups (0.008-5 mg/L). Especially for the heart rate, significant changes were observed at candidalysin concentrations as low as 0.008 mg/L (environmentally relevant). The present study first time pointed out the developmental toxicities of candidalysin on fish that was rarely investigated, and thus contributed to its environmental risk assessment.
... Approximately 43% (26) of all the total sample (60) collected were positive for one or the other species of Candida. On the basis of conventional methods of species identification Candida glabrata (15) with 58% of all the isolates was the most common Candida species associated with VVC in this study, followed by Candida albicans (5, 19%), Candida tropicalis (3, 11%), Candida kefyr (2, 8%) and Candida krusei (1, 4%). Majority of the Candida species isolated were of non-albicans Candida [ Figure 6]. ...
... The incidence of VVC mostly associated non-albicans Candida is higher among 17-and 18-year-old group than younger group. [15] Majority of the patients included in this study were of age group 18-29 years, consistent with other studies by Samal R et al., Masand DL et al., and Dharmik PG et al. [1,8,16] Various factor plays an important role in the development of VVC. Since the majority of the patients are from sexually active group, sexual activity is likely to be associated with increased risk. ...
Introduction:
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the commonest form of sexually transmitted infection especially in sexually active females. Various species of Candida i.e., Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida are associated with VVC. More than 75% of women experiences vulvovaginal candidiasis at least once in their lifetime and 10% of it can lead to recurrent VVC. So, this study was planned to evaluate the clinico-mycological profile and antifungal profile of VVC in sexually active female attending tertiary care hospital.
Materials and methods:
The present two months study was conducted in sexually active females attending Obstetrics -gynecology OPD with VVC in tertiary care hospital. Two high vaginal swabs were taken and fungal culture was done on SDA agar by standard methods. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of candidial isolates were done by standard mycological methods.
Results:
Most of the patients belonged to younger age group between 18 and 29 years (55%). Lower abdominal pain was the most common symptom after vaginal discharge followed by burning sensation and pruritis. Candida glabrata (15) with 58% of all the isolates was the most common Candida species associated with VVC in this study, followed by Candida albicans (5, 19%). Highest antifungal resistance was observed to itraconazole (81%) followed by amphotericin B (35%) and fluconazole (31%). 81% resistance to itraconazole among Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. Voriconazole was maximum susceptible to all Candida species.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the incidence of VVC among sexually active females of reproductive age group as its recurrence may result into obstetric complications and even infertility and also enlightens the common Candida species and their antifungal profile, which would help the treating clinicians to formulate local antifungal treatment policy for VVC.
Purpose: Vulvovaginitis is a common and challenging gynaecological problem in prepubertal and pubertal girls. Such an infection, owing to a wide range of aetiologies, if not responding to hygienic measures, needs further investigation through vaginal cultures, since treatment should be tailored accordingly. This study aimed to investigate the pathogens isolated in prepubertal and pubertal girls with signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis.
Methods: A total of 2314 symptomatic girls, 1094 prepubertal and 1220 pubertal, aged 2 to 16 years were included. Vaginal samples were inoculated on specific culture plates followed by incubation in aerobic, anaerobic or CO2 atmosphere at 37°C for 24 or 48 hours, as appropriate. The identification of the isolated pathogens was carried out using Gram stain, conventional methods and the automated system VITEK 2 (BioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France).
Results: Positive cultures were obtained from 587 (53.7%) of prepubertal girls and 926 (75.9%) of pubertal girls. A total of 613 and 984 pathogens were detected in prepubertal and pubertal subjects, respectively. Isolated bacteria included 40.1% and 22.8% Gram-positive cocci, 35.6% and 24.8% Gram-negative rods in the prepubertal and pubertal groups, respectively, with fecal pathogens being the most prevalent. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 22.8% of prepubertal and 37.9% of pubertal girls. Candida species were isolated mostly in the pubertal girls (14.5%).
Conclusions: Culture results should be evaluated with caution in children with vulvovaginitis. In the prepubertal girls the most common isolated pathogens were opportunistic bacteria of faecal origin while girls in late puberty were more susceptible to bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
