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The histogram HbjR and the corresponding CDF FCDR of a sequence R1,R2,⋯,Rn determined over 0.74, 1.26 that presents a Gaussian distribution. The vertical red line in both panels gives the mean value R¯=R50, while the red and blue dashed lines represent ±σ and R10, R90 bands, respectively.
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The strong Antarctic vortex plays a crucial role in forming an expansive region with significant stratospheric ozone depletion during austral spring, commonly referred to as the Antarctic “ozone hole”. This study examines daily ozone column behavior during this phenomenon using ERA5 reanalysis data and ground-based observations from 10 Antarctic st...
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Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a critical role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Previous studies have shown that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) influences the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex and ozone, yet no studies have deeply analyzed the impact of the QBO on Arctic PSC occurrence. This study analyzes this impact using CALIPSO o...
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) dynamically interacts with the extratropical atmosphere. However, the relationship between the QBO in austral winter and the Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex in spring remains unclear. In this study, we propose a joint predictor involving the QBO for the Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex and ozone in aust...
This study investigates the impact of dynamic variability of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar middle atmosphere on the ozone hole area. We analyze the influence of the southern annular mode (SAM) and planetary waves (PWs) on ozone depletion from 19 years (2005–2023) of aura microwave limb sounder (MLS) geopotential height (GPH) measurements. We e...
Citations
... Ozone (O3) is a reactive and oxidant gas, heavily influenced by photochemistry, discovered by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in the nineteenth century [3,4]. Following its discovery, O3 was proven to increase with altitude and show distinct behavior based 2 of 38 on vertical gradients, thus leading to a well-defined differentiation between tropospheric O3 and stratospheric O3, with the latter being beneficial for the environment [5] as it reduces the impact of solar radiation on terrestrial ecosystems [6][7][8] while the former poses health issues to living organisms [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Stratospheric O3 depletion caused by anthropogenic emission has been the core issue of environmental policies for years, up until the implementation of adequate mitigation measures [15][16][17][18][19][20]. ...
The photochemical production of tropospheric ozone (O3) is very closely linked to seasonal cycles and peaks in solar radiation occurring during warm seasons. In the Mediterranean Basin, which is a hotspot for climate and air mass transport mechanisms, boreal warm seasons cause a notable increase in tropospheric O3, which unlike stratospheric O3, is not beneficial for the environment. At the Lamezia Terme (code: LMT) World Meteorological Organization – Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) station located in Calabria, Southern Italy, peaks of stratospheric O3 were observed during boreal summer and spring seasons, and consequently linked to specific wind patterns compatible with increased photochemical activity in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The finding resulted in the introduction of a correction factor for O3 in the O3/NOx (ozone to nitrogen oxides) ratio methodology for the assessment of air mass aging. However, some of the mechanisms driving O3 patterns and their correlation with other parameters at the LMT site remain unknown. In this study, the behavior of O3 at the site is assessed with unprecedented detail by relying on nine years (2015-2023) of data and correlations with surface temperature and solar radiation. The evaluations demonstrate non negligible correlations between environmental factors such as temperature and solar radiation with O3 concentrations. The northeastern sector of LMT, partly neglected in previous works, has yielded higher statistical correlations than expected. A case study of very high O3 concentrations reported during the 2015 summer season is also reported by analyzing the tendencies observed during the period with additional methodologies and highlighting drivers of photochemical pollution on larger scales
