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The hadrosaurid dinosaur Sahaliyania elunchunorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous Yuliangze Formation at the Wulaga quarry, China. A. GMH W148, right scapula in medial (A 1 ) and lateral (A 2 ) views. B. GMH W165, right sternal in ventral view.
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Several hundred disarticulated dinosaur bones have been recovered from a large quarry at Wulaga (Heilongjiang Province, China), in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Yuliangze Formation. The Wulaga quarry can be regarded as a monodominant bonebed: more than 80% of the bones belong to a new lambeosaurine hadrosaurid, Sahaliyania elunchunorum gen....
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Context 1
... (Fig. 8A).-The Wulaga material includes 25 scap− ulae of different sizes that closely resemble those of Oloro− titan. For that reason, they are tentatively referred to Sahali− yania. One single specimen from Wulaga is distinctly differ− ent from the others, more closely resembling the condition observed in hadrosaurines; this specimen is ...
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... (Fig. 8B).-As in other hadrosaurids, the sternal of Sahaliyania is typically hatchet−shaped. As in lambeosauri− nes, its proximal plate is enlarged both in length and in width. It is thinner laterally than medially. The proximal plate is dis− tinctly longer than the distal "handle". Although incom− pletely preserved, the thin lateral border of ...
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... were equally weighted and analysed with PAUP*4.0b10 (Swofford, 2002), both with ACCTRAN and DELTRAN transformations. Seven most parsimonious trees of 80 steps resulted from a branch−and−bound search, with a consistency index of 0.92 and a retention index of 0.97. The strict consensus tree of the seven most parsimoni− ous trees is presented in Fig. 18 and a complete list of apomorphies is found in Appendix 4. The topology of the consensus tree is similar to those previously published by Weishampel and Horner (1990), Weishampel et al. (1993), Bolotsky and Godefroit (2004), Godefroit et al. (2004a, b), and, particularly, by Evans and Reisz (2007). To assess the stability of tree ...
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... may be regarded as a derived lambeosaurine (Fig. 18): it forms a monophyletic group with the corythosaur and parasauroloph clades (sensu Chapman and Brett−Surman 1990). This group is characterised by the following un− ambiguous (no differences in positioning of a character in ACCTRAN and DELTRAN optimisations) characters: a shortened frontal, with a "posterior length/maximal width" <0.6 ...
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Citations
... The fossil record of the Lambeosaurinae extends from the Santonian to the Maastrichtian (Riabinin 1937;Rozhdestvensky 1964;Casanovas et al. 1999, Table 1, from PBDB). So far, four species have been found in China: Charonosaurus jiayinensis (Godefroit et al. 1998), Jaxartosaurus sp (Wu 1973), Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus (Young and Wang 1959), and Sahaliyania elunchunorum (Godefroit et al. 2008). ...
... The ilium of S. elunchunorum is more like that of A. riabinini, with the postacetabular process lacking a well-defined ridge that forms the medial side of a medioventrally facing shelf, and the postacetabular process expanding mediolaterally towards the caudal end. The morphology of the dorsal vertebrae is also indeterminate due to poor preservation (Godefroit et al. 2008). ...
Late Cretaceous Laurasia contained a typical dinosaur fauna consisting of herbivorous hadrosaurids, ceratopsians, and carnivorous tyrannosauroids. Previously, tyrannosauroid teeth have been found in the Upper Cretaceous Dalangshan Formation of Sihui City, China. We describe a fragmentary skeleton of a duck-billed dinosaur from the same general region. The skeleton includes dorsal and caudal vertebrae, a humerus, ilium, femur and tibia. Morphological comparison and cladistic analyses support that this specimen belongs to the tribe Lambeosaurini, which is otherwise poorly represented in China. The new specimens and the previously discovered tyrannosaur-oid teeth represent the dominant taxa of the typical Late Cretaceous dinosaur fauna of Laurasia. ARTICLE HISTORY
... It has been hypothesized that the success of hadrosaurids was due in part to their complex masticatory apparatus (Godefroit et al., 2008) an elaborate dental battery well suited for feeding on tough vegetation (Weishampel, 1984) and potential kinesis of the upper and lower jaw (Nabavizadeh, 2014;Weishampel, 1984), though cranial kinesis remains contentious (Bell et al., 2009;Holliday & Witmer, 2008;Rybczynski et al., 2008). These dental batteries are uniquely complex among vertebrates and were formed from fast-replacing, interlocking teeth that stacked vertically in each tooth row to form a continuous, ever-growing wear surface (Bramble et al., 2017;Erickson, 1996;LeBlanc et al., 2016). ...
... To evaluate this relationship more broadly, these variables were regressed against each other for the larger phylogenetic dataset of iguanodontians. Finally, to establish the utility of NTR as a phylogenetic character in mature individuals, we pruned the phylogenetic dataset to only include adults, following the recommendations of previous authors (Godefroit et al., 2008;Poole, 2023). Specimens were classified as adults if they were above 85% maximum skull length, following Evans (2010). ...
... We then visualized the main axes of variation among the three phylogenetic groups in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using the function 'lda' from the package MASS (Venables & Ripley, 2002). TAR was condensed to a single variable per specimen by averaging TAR between 20% and 80% the length of the tooth row, thereby excluding the margins of the dental battery with more variable TAR (Godefroit et al. 2008;Horner et al., 2004). The function 'lda' requires numerical data, so the two categorical variables were converted to numerical data as follows: SER, 'absent' was converted to '0', 'present' was converted to '1'; MED, 'wedge-shaped' (the plesiomorphic condition) was converted to '0', 'rounded mammillations' was converted to '1', 'small papillae' was converted to '2', and 'absent' was converted to '3'. ...
... Dentary. The dentary (Fig. 7) is short and deep, similar to Blasisaurus canudoi 49 , Corythosaurus casuarius 47 or Hypacrosaurus altispinus 40 , and unlike the elongate dentary of the arenysaurins Arenysaurus ardevoli 50 and Koutalisaurus kohlerorum 58 , or lambeosaurines such as Amurosaurus riabinini 41 , Olorititan arharensis 42 , Sahaliyania elunchunorum 59 , and Parasaurolophus tubicen 51 . The dentary's dorsal and ventral margins are roughly parallel www.nature.com/scientificreports/ in lateral view (Fig. 7a), giving it a rectangular shape. ...
In the Late Cretaceous, northern and southern hemispheres evolved distinct dinosaurian faunas. Titanosaurians and abelisaurids dominated the Gondwanan continents; hadrosaurids, ceratopsians and tyrannosaurs dominated North America and Asia. Recently, a lambeosaurine hadrosaurid, Ajnabia odysseus, was reported from the late Maastrichtian phosphates of the Oulad Abdoun Basin Morocco, suggesting dispersal between Laurasia and Gondwana. Here we report new fossils from the phosphates of Morocco showing lambeosaurines achieved high diversity in the late Maastrichtian of North Africa. A skull represents a new dwarf lambeosaurine, Minqaria bata. Minqaria resembles Ajnabia odysseus in size, but differs in the ventrally positioned jugal facet and sinusoidal toothrow. The animal is small, ~ 3.5 m long, but the fused braincase shows it was mature. A humerus and a femur belong to larger hadrosaurids, ~ 6 m long, implying at least three species coexisted. The diversity of hadrosaurids in Europe and Africa suggests a dispersal-driven radiation, with lambeosaurines diversifying to take advantage of low ornithischian diversity. African lambeosaurines are small compared to North American and Asia hadrosaurids however, perhaps due to competition with titanosaurians. Hadrosaurids are unknown from eastern Africa, suggesting Moroccan hadrosaurids may be part of a distinct insular fauna, and represent an island radiation.
... Iz perioda rane krede opisane su: Shuvuuia deserti (porodica Alvarezsauridae) opisane na osnovu ostataka sakupljenih u Mongoliji koja je ţivjela prije oko 75 miliona godina (Chiappe et al, 1998) te vrsta Velociraptor mongoliensis i V. osmolskae (Dromeoesauridae) opisanih na osnovu ostataka iz Mongolije a koje su ţivjele prije između 75-71 milion godina (Osborn, 1924;Godefroit et al., 2008). ...
... Saurolophids constitute the major radiation of hadrosaurids, consisting of the clade Saurolophinae that includes species with either 'solid' crests or lacking a bony crest entirely, and the hollow-crested Lambeosaurinae (see Wagner, 2004;Prieto-M arquez et al., 2020 regarding the ancestry of the crest). This group is well-represented in the fossil record, especially from their diversity acmes in the middleeupper Campanian of North America (Lull and Wright, 1942;Lund and Gates 2006;Gates et al., 2012) and the Maastrichtian of Asia (Godefroit et al., 2008;2012a,b). ...
... Hadrosauridae is known from the Santonian (e.g., Averianov and Nessov, 1995;Godefroit et al., 2004;Averianov, 2007;Prieto-M arquez et al., 2016a) through the uppermost Maastrichtian (e.g., Godefroit et al., 2008Godefroit et al., , 2012aPrieto-M arquez et al., 2013). Fossiliferous terrestrial and paralic Santonianelower Campanian strata are only locally present in North America (e.g., Gates et al., 2011Gates et al., , 2013Gates et al., , 2014Prieto-M arquez, 2012;Freedman Fowler and Horner, 2015), and most have been not received the level of attention of northern Laramidian strata (largely in Montana and Alberta). ...
We describe a previously unrecognized genus and species of basally-branching hadrosaurid dinosaur, Malefica deckerti, from the middle-to upper Campanian upper shale member of the Aguja Formation in Big Bend National Park, southwestern Texas, USA. This taxon is represented by a partial left maxilla. The hadrosaurid maxilla is particularly useful in differentiating species, and, despite the incomplete nature of the material, this new taxon is diagnosable by several autapomorphies and a unique combination of character states. Phylogenetic analysis places M. deckerti within Hadrosauridae but outside Saurolophidae, the major hadrosaurid clade consisting of the solid-crested or unadorned Saurolophinae and the hollow-crested Lambeosaurinae. When considered with the other known non-saurolophid hadrosaurids, this species adds to the growing evidence a hitherto unrecognized diversity of early hadrosaurid offshoots spanning the upper Santonian through the Maastrichtian and widespread throughout Eurasia and North America.
... OUSM-FV-001 also differs from the immature lambeosaurine Velafrons in having the gently curved squamosal process of the postorbital ( Figure 3G). Although the incompleteness of OUSM-FV-001 hinders comparisons with the diagnostic characters of the Asian Lambeosaurini, the dentary of OUSM-FV-001 differs from those of Amurosaurus (Bolotsky et al., 2014;Godefroit et al., 2004) and Sahaliyania (Godefroit et al., 2008) in the absence of the strong ventral deflection of the anterior half of the dentary (Figure 4g-i). OUSM-FV-001 also differs from another Asian lambeosaurine Olorotitan (Godefroit et al., 2012) in the relatively short edentulous region of the dentary. ...
Despite the long history of research in the late Campanian Judith River Formation in northern Montana, most of the vertebrate fossils are represented by fragmentary remains, making precise taxonomic identifications difficult. Contrary to this, the partially contemporaneous Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada is known for its tremendous fossil preservation, permitting rigorous studies of dinosaur diversity, evolution, and biostratigraphy. Hadrosaurids comprise one of the most abundant dinosaur clades in the Dinosaur Park Formation, but taxonomic affinities of hadrosaurid specimens remain poorly understood in the Judith River Formation. Corythosaurus is the most common hadrosaurid in the Dinosaur Park Formation and, to date, has been restricted to this formation. This study reports the first definitive Corythosaurus specimens from the Judith River Formation, which were discovered on two private ranches in northern Montana. The attribution of the most complete skeleton to Corythosaurus is indicated by: wide crest-snout angle, presence of premaxilla-nasal fontanelle, dorsoventrally expanded nasal, laterally exposed ophthalmic canal of the laterosphenoid, and tall neural spines. A second specimen preserves a large ilium that can be positively identified as Corythosaurus based on its associated skull, which is now in private hands. The specimens were recovered from the Coal Ridge Member of the Judith River Formation, which is approximately time equivalent to the Dinosaur Park Formation. Thus, the discovery of Corythosaurus in the Judith River Formation extends the biogeographic range of this genus and establishes a framework for future interformational biostratigraphic studies of Late Cretaceous dinosaur faunas in North America.
... This study uses hadrosaurid beak shape and limb segment proportions as proxies of food selection and locomotor cost, respectively, to test the ecomorphological adaptations for foraging strategy in hadrosaurids. Hadrosaurines and lambeosaurines are likely to have co-existed in the same space as suggested by multitaxic bonebeds (e.g., Varricchio and Horner, 1993;Godefroit et al., 2008;Takasaki et al., 2019), thus they were potentially ecological competitors to each other in some extent. The foraging ecomorphologies are compared between the hadrosaurid subfamilies since taxonomic differences in feeding ecomorphology are considered an important factor for dietary niche separation (Gordon and Illius, 1988;Carrano et al., 1999). ...
... On the other hand, the shortened distal limb segment of hadrosaurines might have benefitted them in sloped terrains, as suggested in bovids (Higgins and Ruff, 2011). The differences in locomotor ecology may imply a slight difference in hadrosaurid habitat preferences, although the subfamilies generally share the same space as demonstrated in multitaxic bonebeds (e.g., Varricchio and Horner, 1993;Godefroit et al., 2008). ...
... It should be kept in mind that the comparisons in this study are not limited to the sympatric species as previous works Mallon and Anderson, 2014) attempted. At the same time, however, multitaxic bonebeds evidence the coexistence of hadrosaurines and lambeosaurines throughout the world (e.g., Varricchio and Horner, 1993;Godefroit et al., 2008). To establish such a cosmopolitan sympatric distribution, niche partitioning must have been established, or either group is expected to outcompete the other (competitive exclusion principle; Hardin, 1960). ...
Hadrosauridae, consisting of two subfamilies (Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae), is a successful herbivorous dinosaur group that established a high taxonomic diversity and a cosmopolitan biogeographic distribution during the Late Cretaceous. While its success is often attributed to a highly specialized oral processing system, the foraging strategy of this group remains unclear. This study focuses on two critical factors in foraging strategy, food selectivity and locomotor ecology, in these hadrosaurid subfamilies. Three-dimensional beak shapes and limb segment proportions are used as the proxies for food selectivity and locomotor ecology, respectively. The beak shape analysis demonstrates trends of anteriorly acute beaks in hadrosaurines and anteriorly wide beaks in lambeosaurines. The limb segment proportion analysis shows short proximal limb segments in hadrosaurines and long proximal limb segments in lambeosaurines. These results suggest that hadrosaurines preferred selective consumption of high-quality food with energy-inefficient locomotor ecology, while lambeosaurines preferred mass consumption of low-quality food with energy-efficient locomotion and that differences in foraging strategy might have enhanced dietary niche partitioning in the subfamily level of hadrosaurids. In addition, this study tests a relationship between limb proportions and habitat environments in hadrosaurids. We demonstrate that hadrosaurids from the coastal environments have shorter forelimbs than those from the terrestrial environment. Since short forelimbs are better suited for temporal bipedalism than long forelimbs, the limb proportion difference may indicate adaptations to different feeding heights, possibly due to different regional vegetations.
... After further preparation and excavations, the anatomy of the taxon was supplemented by Godefroit et al. (2004) and Bolotsky et al. (2014), in which FIGURE 1. Geographic data on the southern Zeya-Bureya Basin between northeast China and Russian Far East, where much hadrosaurid material has been collected. A, map showing four major dinosaur sites of the Upper Cretaceous in the southern Zeya-Bureya Basin, namely Longgushan, Wulaga, Blagoveschensk, and Kundur (modified from Godefroit et al., 2008); B, Wulaga outcrop within the lower-middle Maastrichtian Yuliangzi Formation; the arrow indicates the dinosaur bonebed at the Wulaga locality, which is dominated by the lambeosaurine Amurosaurus riabinini (junior synonym: Sahaliyania elunchunorum); C, fossil excavation at the Wulaga locality in 2002. more osteological information on the skull roof and hollow crest was provided. ...
... Isolated large-sized theropod teeth and patches of hadrosaurid skin impressions are also encountered in the Wulaga bonebed. Godefroit et al. (2008) regarded the Wulaga dinosaur quarry as a monodominant bonebed because more than 80% of the diagnostic elements come from one single lambeosaurine species, and finally named a lambeosaurine, Sahaliyania elunchunorum, and a hadrosaurine, Wulagasaurus dongi, on the basis of part of the Wulaga material. Xing et al. (2012) clearly pointed out that Godefroit et al. (2008) made some wrong taxonomic assignments on the Wulaga material of lambeosaurine and hadrosaurine origin, and at least seven skeletal elements showing typical features of Lambeosaurinae were attributed to the hadrosaurine Wulagasaurus in error. ...
... Godefroit et al. (2008) regarded the Wulaga dinosaur quarry as a monodominant bonebed because more than 80% of the diagnostic elements come from one single lambeosaurine species, and finally named a lambeosaurine, Sahaliyania elunchunorum, and a hadrosaurine, Wulagasaurus dongi, on the basis of part of the Wulaga material. Xing et al. (2012) clearly pointed out that Godefroit et al. (2008) made some wrong taxonomic assignments on the Wulaga material of lambeosaurine and hadrosaurine origin, and at least seven skeletal elements showing typical features of Lambeosaurinae were attributed to the hadrosaurine Wulagasaurus in error. ...
The osteology and taxonomy of the lambeosaurine Sahaliyania elunchunorum from the upper Yuliangzi Formation (middle Maastrichtian) are reevaluated herein. Based on detailed morphological comparisons among hadrosauroids, we argue that Wulaga lambeosaurine specimens, most of which were previously ascribed to S. elunchunorum, display a combination of features that is typical of Amurosaurus riabinini from the upper Udurchukan Formation (middle Maastrichtian) at the Blagoveschensk locality. This combination includes several anterodorsally-posteroventrally oriented lateral foramina of the maxilla with a very large last one partially obscured by the ventral extremity of the jugal contact, a narrow infratemporal region of the jugal that is ~70% as wide as the orbit, a relatively low anterior third of the strongly dorsally concave sagittal crest of the parietal, mesiodistally wide maxillary tooth crowns (~1.2–1.3 teeth per cm), the sternal posterolateral process slightly shorter than the anteromedial plate, and a gently ventrally deflected preacetabular process of the ilium. Considering the osteological similarities and the fact that the Yuliangzi and Udurchukan formations were deposited synchronously in the same basin, S. elunchunorum is regarded here as a junior synonym of A. riabinini. ~70% of the complete Amurosaurus fibulae from the Wulaga bonebed exhibit a total length of more than 85 cm that probably corresponds to the adult stages. Histological sections from these fibulae are sufficiently remodeled by dense secondary osteons, with poorly developed vascularization of primary osteons along fibrolamellar bone in the outer cortex. The phylogenetic analysis of Lambeosaurinae recovers a sister-taxon relationship between Amurosaurus and Lambeosaurus.
... 7), Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus (Gates et al. 2021: figs. 5, 9, 13), Parasaurolophus tubicen (Sullivan and Williamson 1999: Fig. 8), Sahaliyania elunchunorum (Godefroit et al. 2008 : Fig. 3), and Secernosaurus koerneri (Prieto-Márquez and Salinas 2010: figs. 6, 7). ...
The hadrosauroid Telmatosaurus and the rhabdodontid Zalmoxes were the first and second dinosaur taxa that were described in detail from the famous Upper Cretaceous continental deposits of the Haţeg Basin by Franz Baron Nopcsa at the beginning of the twentieth century. Although they are among the most common and best-known dinosaurs discovered from these deposits, there are still many open questions as to their taxonomy and anatomy. Here, we re-describe two partial braincases from the uppermost Cretaceous of the Haţeg Basin that have been recently referred to the rhabdodontid Zalmoxes and re-assign them to hadrosauroids, possibly to Telmatosaurus . These specimens both exhibit basicranial features that are characteristic of derived hadrosauroids but are absent in more basal iguanodontians. These include an antero-posteriorly short basioccipital lacking a distinct neck, the presence of two well-developed sphenoccipital tubercles on the ventral aspect of the braincase and that are directly positioned anterior to the basioccipital, as well as a deep depression on the ventral aspect of the braincase between the sphenoccipital tubercles. The comparison provided herein demonstrates several important differences between the basicranium of hadrosauroids and that of rhabdodontids, which allows for the confident identification of even isolated and incomplete specimens. Moreover, the removal of the only basicranium that has been referred to Zalmoxes shqiperorum prompts a revised diagnosis of that species.
... This analysis indicates that the ancestral area of Hadrosauridae was in Appalachia, in agreement with previous analyses (Prieto-M arquez, 2010;Prieto-Marquez et al., 2016;Gates and Lamb, 2021), with a dispersion to south Laramidia once again, represented by Aquilarhinus, during Turonian. The most common recent ancestor of Euhadrosauria are Asian in origin (Fig. 3), as suggested by Godefroit et al. (2008), Larson et al. (2014), and more recently by Kobayashi et al. (2021). ...
... The ancestral area of Saurolophinae is inferred in Asia and northern Laramidia (Fig. 3), where Wulagasaurus Godefroit, Hai, Yu, and Lauters, 2008, and Brachylophosaurini have been recorded and evolved after two dispersals and one vicarian event in the early Coniacian. No later than the early Campanian, the Kritosaurini dispersed in both provinces of Laramidia and also into South America, as is represented by Bonapartesaurus and Secernosaurus. ...
This work provides a review of the taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and historical biogeography of the seven described hadrosauroids from Mexico. Their interrelationships were inferred via maximum parsimony analysis, which indicates that these taxa are part of five groups: unnamed clade of basal Hadrosauromorpha (Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis), Kritosaurini (Kritosaurus navajovious, IGM 6685), Edmontosaurini (Sabina’s taxon, PASAC-1), Parasaurolophini (Tlatolophus galorum), and Lambeosaurini (Magnapaulia laticaudus, Velafrons coahuilensis, and Latirhinus uitstlani). To trace back their biogeographical history, the ancestral range reconstruction was implemented using Statistical Dispersal Vicariance Analysis, which reveals that these hadrosauroids represent a southern Laramidia-Asia common ancestral range. It also shows that these dinosaurs evolved via three vicariance and two dispersals events during the Turonian, Coniacian, Santonian and Campanian age, representing a complex biogeographical history.