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The formalin test demonstrated the antinociceptive effect of the Naproxen (NPX)–Justicia spicigera extract (JSE) combination at ratios of (A) 1:1 (NPX 113.1 mg/k +60.58 mg/kg = 173.68 mg/kg), (B) 1:3 (NPX 56.6 mg/kg + 90.9 mg/kg = 147.42 mg/kg), and (C) 3:1 (NPX 169.7 mg/kg + 30.3 mg/kg = 199.94 mg/kg). The vertical bars represent the mean ± S.E.M. for each experimental group (n = 6). * p < 0.05 versus the vehicle group. ANOVA followed by the Dunnett’s test.
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Background: Combining antinociceptive drugs with different mechanisms of action can reduce the doses and the adverse effects, with a possible increase in the antinociceptive effect. This work evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the combination of an ethanol extract of Justicia spicigera (JSE) with naproxen (NPX) or tramadol (TML) using the form...
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