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... includes and interlinks: land and marine ecosystems and the services they provide; all primary production sectors that use and produce biological resources (agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture); and all economic and industrial sectors that use biological resources and processes to produce food, feed, bio-based products, energy and services". The ambition of a sustainable bioeconomy is further framed in the 2018 Strategy by five objectives carried over from the previous Strategy (Figure 1). While the first EU Bioeconomy Strategy of 2012 [EC, 2012] followed a strong utilitarian view of nature and a weak sustainability approach [Ramcilovic-Suominen & Pülzl, 2018], the 2018 Strategy has a more balanced approach in which the promotion of growth for bio-based industries is placed at the same level of importance as protecting the health of ecosystems and understanding their boundaries. ...
Context 2
... of sustainable development are deeply embedded in many EU policy ambitions, including within the 2018 EU Bioeconomy Strategy. Especially the five objectives of the strategy, provide a broad vision for a sustainable bioeconomy ( Figure 1). Economic prosperity depends on healthy and productive ecosystems and over-exploitation can damage the same ecosystems upon which the economy depends [Folke et al., 2018]. ...
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... workshop that took place in November 2018 provide the opportunity to review existing monitoring frameworks and explore existing approached in EU Member States, and to start the discussion about next steps to develop the EU bioeconomy monitoring system 19 A summary of the workshop is available at: https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/reportcommunity-practice-workshop-shaping-eu-bioeconomy-monitoring-system-first_en Figure 10. Process for the definition of a core set of indicators. ...
Context 4
... code, dashboard-downloading button, etc.) to obtain a user interface which respond to the need of the users. Figure 11 shows the infrastructure and data management tools needed in the project. As these are now the early stages of the project, there is uncertainty associated to the number and nature of datasets as well as on the availability of APIs from the original data sources to fetch the data, this data workflow and ICT infrastructure may need to be updated/further developed. ...
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... This area focuses among others on (bio)technology, intensified use of natural resources, reducing dependency on non-renewable resources, and preventing and adapting to climate change, all which can be already mapped by forest-related indicators (Wolfslehner et al., 2016). The EC Joint Research Centre recently developed a broad set of bioeconomy indicators, including forest-related indicators (Giuntoli et al., 2020). ...
Reporting on Forests and Sustainable Forest Management in the Caucasus and Central Asia-Focus on Criteria and Indicators provides an overview of status and developments in reporting on forests and sustainable forest management in five countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia (Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan). This reporting involves looking at forests in the context of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, recognizing the multiple roles forests play in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Criteria and indicators are tools used to define, guide, monitor and assess progress towards sustainable forest management that help our understanding and inform discussions about sustainable forest management. They operate at the global, regional, international, national, subnational, and even at forest management unit levels; and are a basis for informed decision making, establishing national forest policy and facilitating international reporting. A flexible framework of criteria and indicators helps to develop systems adjusted to the capacities, needs, and conditions in which they are applied. This publication provides information about the processes and results of national efforts in building criteria and indicator sets for countries of the region.
... Hence, these novel indicators can serve as a foresight approach with relevance for: 1) scientific and industrial actors seeking to improve their technological competencies by identifying opportunities for knowledge integration across technological knowledge areas [19], [65]; and 2) IDR institutions and funding agencies that wish to better understand, monitor and manage IDR and knowledge integration [30]. For example, the indicators developed in our article could be applied in long term monitoring studies such as the Bioeconomy Observatory, which aims at enhancing the knowledge base for policy-making in the bioeconomy by compiling and monitoring the process of the bioeconomy at European level [66]. ...
Interdisciplinary research is an increasingly crucial source of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, or bioplastics with the potential to alleviate the grand challenges of the 21st century. Nonetheless, assessing the degree of interdisciplinary research and resulting emerging technology networks remains somewhat ambiguous, as integrating and recombining knowledge from distant domains is a complex phenomenon. By drawing upon patents, patent citations, and their technology classification, this article seeks to elucidate how interdisciplinary research can be assessed, monitored, and visualized by taking technological knowledge areas as the unit of analysis. For our novel approach, we employ the case of bioplastics as an example of an emerging technology within the highly interdisciplinary Bioeconomy. We demonstrate, inter alia, how the importance of interdisciplinarity across technological knowledge areas has increased over time in the case of bioplastics, how different technological knowledge areas link up to form an emerging technology network, and, more generally, how this novel approach can help scientific and industrial actors to guide and plan their interdisciplinary research in emerging technologies. With regard to policy-makers, our novel operationalization of interdisciplinarity provides guidance for developing and monitoring the impact of science and innovation policies that are able to foster interdisciplinary research and emerging technologies.
... Nonetheless, not all criteria may be covered by existing SDG indicators, and the exploration of other sources of information and data is encouraged to cover all dimensions of sustainability. For detailed links between the P&Cs and SDGs, refer toGiuntoli et al. (2020), and Calicioglu and. When the scope of the monitoring is focused on the product or value chain, the selected indicators can be adapted for each bio-based product, based on the relevant product value chain and its hotspots. ...
... The EU Bioeconomy Monitoring System is a series of dashboards showing trends in indicators that were selected based on their relevance to the overall EU bioeconomy monitoring conceptual framework, as described in Giuntoli et al. (2020) and Robert et al. (2020), in collaboration with external partners, including experts from the Member States and international organisations through the Community of Practice on Bioeconomy (managed by the KCB) through workshops and online discussions (KCB, 2019;KCB, 2020). ...
... In the first years of the technical implementation of the EU Bioeconomy Monitoring System, the JRC will rely on an Administrative Agreement with RTD to ensure the development of the system evolves according to the expectations of the Core DG group responsible for the implementation of the EU Bioeconomy Strategy. The JRC estimates that the final stable Monitoring System as described as our aspirations and outlined in Giuntoli et al. (2020) and Robert et al. (2020) will be fully in place by the end of 2022. ...
The EU Bioeconomy Monitoring System is pursuant to the Action 3.3.2 of the EU Bioeconomy Strategy (COM/2018/673). It addresses the need for a comprehensive monitoring system by establishing a mechanism to measure the progress of the EU bioeconomy towards the five strategic objectives it tackles. It defines and implements a comprehensive monitoring framework for the EU bioeconomy, which covers environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability and relates to the overarching Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) context. This document describes the front-end and back-end system design as well as the content of the EU Bioeconomy Monitoring System as of December 2021. The EU Bioeconomy Monitoring System was officially launched in November 2020 on the occasion of the Global Bioeconomy Summit. The system is embedded in the Knowledge Centre for Bioeconomy at this location: https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/bioeconomy/monitoring_en.
... Such BE monitoring initiatives are in progress. The Joint Research Centre (JRC), e.g., works on indicators derived from the objectives of the EU bioeconomy strategy [11,12]. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) has developed a methodology to assist countries and stakeholders in developing and monitoring sustainable BE, including the selection of relevant indicators, both at territorial and product levels [13]. ...
Footprints are powerful indicators for evaluating the impact of the bioeconomy of a country on environmental goods, domestically and abroad. In this study, we apply a hybrid approach combining a Multi-Regional Input-Output model and land use modelling to compute the agricultural land footprint (aLF). Furthermore, we added information on land-use change to the analysis and allocated land conversion to specific commodities. The German case study shows that the aLF abroad is larger by a factor of 2.5 to 3 than the aLF in Germany. In 2005 and 2010, conversion of natural and semi-natural land-cover types abroad allocated to Germany due to import increases was 2.5 times higher than the global average. Import increases to Germany slowed down in 2015 and 2020, reducing land conversion attributed to the German bioeconomy to the global average. The case study shows that the applied land footprint provides clear and meaningful information for policymakers and other stakeholders. The presented methodological approach can be applied to other countries and regions covered in the underlying database EXIOBASE. It can be adapted, also for an assessment of other ecosystem functions, such as water or soil fertility.
... A good set of indicators is a prerogative of an efficient monitoring system and the design of indicators should be targeted to capture synergies and trade-offs across multiple objectives and multiple scales [52]. To this end, a broad set of measures at different aggregation levels and different objectives should be established [52]. ...
... A good set of indicators is a prerogative of an efficient monitoring system and the design of indicators should be targeted to capture synergies and trade-offs across multiple objectives and multiple scales [52]. To this end, a broad set of measures at different aggregation levels and different objectives should be established [52]. At the same time, the choice of indicators is also dictated by data availability. ...
... In particular, when monitoring highly disaggregate sectors, a lack of data can be an important bottleneck in the creation of an efficient system of monitoring indicators. In those cases, basic indicators and proxies are typically favoured [52]. ...
Under the auspices of the EU's new Circular Economy Action Plan and Bioeconomy Strategy, the usage of sustainably renewable biomass for bio-based chemicals is a part-solution for addressing the multidimensional challenges of (inter alia) growth and employment, food and energy security, climate change and biodiversity. Unfortunately, the lack of a formal system of European data classification and collection presents a major obstacle to measuring, monitoring and ex-ante modelling of the bio-based chemicals sector, which clouds the ability to make science-based policy and legislative judgements. Employing a combination of different data sources and plausible assumptions, this paper seeks to overcome some of these data gaps through the compilation of a meaningful set of economic and sustainability indicators for specific bio-based chemical activities and products. Due to the variety of data sources employed for each indicator, a data quality index is constructed, whilst rigorous comparisons with other studies and further critical discussion reaffirms the general observation of poor data quality. Subject to these data and methodological limitations, this paper analyses the performance of bio-based chemical industries. As long as official data sources lack adequate information systems, the current paper serves as a springboard for lowering the data ‘entry costs' behind this intricate sector, encouraging further knowledge-sharing and serving as a replication template for other regions.
... This area focuses among others on (bio)technology, intensified use of natural resources, reducing dependency on non-renewable resources, and preventing and adapting to climate change, all which can be already mapped by forest-related indicators (Wolfslehner et al., 2016). The EC Joint Research Centre recently developed a broad set of bioeconomy indicators, including forest-related indicators (Giuntoli et al., 2020). ...
Almost 30 years after their introduction, criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management (C&I for SFM) still rank high in public and political interest. They are meanwhile an increasingly common policy tool to implement sustainable forest management and to define related targets, which should improve monitoring, reporting and assessment of key aspects of sustainable forest management (SFM). Available online at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/Final_Policy%20Brief_CI_Linser-27.4.21.pdf
... Until now, methodologies measuring the contribution of bioeconomy towards sustainable development are under development and discussed [7]. In this contribution we focus on a consistent methodology for assessing the value added of the bioeconomy. ...
p>This paper measures the development of the national income share of the bioeconomy for 28 European Union Member States (MS) and 16 industries of BioMonitor scope from 2005 to 2015. The paper proposes a model which includes the up‐ and downstream linkages using Input‐Output tables. The results show that for the majority of the MS the value added of the up‐ and downstream sector is at the band of 40–50% of the total bioeconomy value added and has on average increased since the financial crisis.</p
... Joining the EU and international perspectives, the JRC, at the forefront of the EC's task to establish an EU Bioeconomy Monitoring System, is co-chairing the Bioeconomy Indicator Working Group of the International Bioeconomy Forum (IBF) with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to prepare guidelines for the monitoring of the bioeconomy. To ensure compatibility with the international arena, the JRC is following the International Sustainable Bioeconomy Working Group (ISBWG) structure of 10 aspirational principles and 24 criteria [13,31] in its implementation framework by mapping them to the five EU Bioeconomy objectives. ...
... Table 1 introduces the proposed framework highlighting the link with SDGs. Additional details and in-depth description of the framework can be found in [31]. The criteria provide a guideline for which indicators will be selected, with a preference for established indicators that are already used in other monitoring processes. ...
... [53]). Experts from various bioeconomy fields reviewed candidate indicators and created a "passport" containing the characteristics of each indicator (see Table 5 in [31]). The passport includes information such as the source of the indicator, the availability of recent and frequent estimates, the geographical coverage, the accessibility and the current use in other monitoring systems. ...
The EU Bioeconomy Strategy, updated in 2018, in its Action Plan pledges an EU-wide, internationally coherent monitoring system to track economic, environmental and social progress towards a sustainable bioeconomy. This paper presents the approach taken by the European Commission’s (EC) Joint Research Centre (JRC) to develop such a system. To accomplish this, we capitalise on (1) the experiences of existing indicator frameworks; (2) stakeholder knowledge and expectations; and (3) national experiences and expertise. This approach is taken to ensure coherence with other bioeconomy-related European monitoring frameworks, the usefulness for decision-making and consistency with national and international initiatives to monitor the bioeconomy. We develop a conceptual framework, based on the definition of a sustainable bioeconomy as stated in the Strategy, for a holistic analysis of the trends in the bioeconomy sectors, following the three pillars of sustainability (economy, society and environment). From this conceptual framework, we derive an implementation framework that aims to highlight the synergies and trade-offs across the five objectives of the Bioeconomy Strategy in a coherent way. The EU Bioeconomy Monitoring System will be publicly available on the web platform of the EC Knowledge Centre for Bioeconomy.
... With its focus on regional scale indicators it can be seen as complementary both to multi-regional input-output (MRIO) approaches [78] as well as to more national or European assessment frameworks for bioeconomy monitoring [79]. ...
Bioeconomy regions are a young concept representing emerging amalgamation points for the implementation of cross-sectoral value-added chains. When sustainable bioeconomy strategies are rolled out, their proof-of-concept implies that industrial R&D activities should lead to impact decoupling and that the valorization of locally available lignocellulosic biomass has to contribute to an increase in added value. Furthermore, regional co-benefits for society and a positive influence on local environmental and socioeconomic conditions are major factors. The fulfillment of these strategic goals would be a milestone achievement when progressing from the blueprint development and the road-mapping stage towards socially accepted and sustainable wood-based bioeconomy strategies. For regional industrial and science stakeholders who run pilot facilities for process upscaling and for energy and material flow integration, this requires well-orchestrated integrative processes, which go beyond conventional "Life Cycle Management" approaches. It is obvious that assessing and monitoring such integrative systems will have to account for different stakeholder perspectives and for detailed technology deployment and resource conversion scenarios. Applying a sustainability index methodology in a case study region must include an evaluation of the whole supply chain and the process networks associated with the characteristic products of the evaluated region. To date, no such integrative assessment methods exist in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to lay out, on the basis of a practical example in the case study region of Central Germany, an assessment of the sustainability level of wood-based bioeconomy networks by applying the Sustainability Monitoring Tool-SUMINISTRO"-to examine regional bio-based industry networks.
