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The first psychological laboratory: Wilhelm Wundt (sitting), surrounded by some of his students. Source: Psychology Pictures/Archives of Dutch Psychology.
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It is generally considered that psychology was born as an independent discipline in 1879. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory in the world, at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Attempts to apply psychology to practical problems soon followed. As early as the 1890s, psychologists in various countries became involv...
Citations
... Logo, o envolvimento no processo de formação e a conclusão neste possibilita os pupilos à tornarem-se membros de um grupo específico, de Gestalt-terapeutas. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa se caracteriza como uma História do Tempo Presente (Ferreira, 2000), inserida nos campos da História Social da Psicologia (Jansz, 2004(Jansz, /2009 e na História Crítica da Psicologia (Danziger, 1985). Utilizamos dois tipos de fontes, a saber: (1) textuais primárias e (2) orais, produto de entrevistas com seis pessoas que estiveram envolvidas com o referido curso. ...
... Logo, o envolvimento no processo de formação e a conclusão neste possibilita os pupilos à tornarem-se membros de um grupo específico, de Gestalt-terapeutas. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa se caracteriza como uma História do Tempo Presente (Ferreira, 2000), inserida nos campos da História Social da Psicologia (Jansz, 2004(Jansz, /2009 e na História Crítica da Psicologia (Danziger, 1985). Utilizamos dois tipos de fontes, a saber: (1) textuais primárias e (2) orais, produto de entrevistas com seis pessoas que estiveram envolvidas com o referido curso. ...
A Gestalt-terapia vem crescendo e se desenvolvendo desde de sua recepção na década de 1950. Para alguns autores, a Gestalt-terapia está envolvida no processo de recepção da fenomenologia na psicologia Humanista. Todavia, aspectos que envolvem o processo de formação de um conhecimento especializado e institucionalizado, como a disciplinarização dessa abordagem, são pouco visíveis no Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Nesse cenário, esta pesquisa objetiva descrever e
analisar formas de disciplinarização da Gestalt-terapia, em Mato Grosso do Sul, entre 1980 e 1990. Metodologicamente, esta é uma pesquisa em História da Psicologia que opera com Análise Documental e Análise de Conteúdo de fontes orais e textuais. Os resultados indicam que a disciplinarização da Gestalt-terapia ocorreu simultaneamente à graduação dos primeiros psicólogos, na cidade. Eles destacam, também, envolvimento nessa formação como uma possibilidade de expansão de conhecimentos, já que o cenário campo-grandense, à época, dificultava o acesso a formações complementares. Por fim, sinalizam um perfil de grupo eminentemente feminino e que salienta a importância de vivências terapêuticas
no grupo de formação. Assim, ao desvelarmos esse processo, compreende-se determinados aspectos da história da Psicologia brasileira além de clarificar aspectos não narrados da história local, até então.
... As industrialization progressed in the 19th century, social transformations occurred that gave greater focus to individual achievements over birth status and group membership. As demographic and economic backgrounds began to offer a diminishing role in explanations for individual success, attention turned to understanding differences in mental characteristics (Jansz, 2004). John Stuart Mill in The Subjection of Women (1869), for instance, saw talent as a social resource and was concerned about the loss of talent caused by the ways that women were treated. ...
This chapter summarizes how the term ‘talent’ gradually became incorporated into mainstream thinking about business operations in the twentieth century leading up to the ‘birth’ of a new management meme: talent management. Socio-economic conditions prevailing at the time of the birth are summarized. Using ideas from memetics, the chapter focuses on explaining why the talent meme has been so effective (and infective). Five features of the meme are identified that explain why it has found so many hosts. These are similarities with other, related, memes; the lack of a competing meme; ambiguity in what talent and talent management mean; the appeal of celebrity in times of attention deficits; and the promise of power and status to those behind talent programmes.
... As a final thought, we would like to draw attention to the role that psychology played in the process of emotionalization. Authors like Granek (2015) and Jansz (2004) have shown how the discipline of psychology has reinforced the heightened concern with an interior life, which many have referred to as the psychologization of everyday life. The years immediately after World War 2 were particularly significant in this process, as, for example, the Veterans Administration in the United States made all members of the armed forces eligible for psychiatric or psychological assistance. ...
This work presents a historical analysis of death announcements ( N = 1,443) posted in the New York Times between 1912 and 2002. Announcements were coded according to two main categories: the genre of the announcement and the presence of emotion words. Four distinct main genres emerged: death notices, memorials, recognition postings by organizations, and recognition postings by nonorganizational parties (friends and family). The proportion of death notices declined steadily from 1912 to 2002, while the proportion of announcements paying tribute to the deceased increased. The announcements were also analyzed in terms of emotion words used, and it is argued that the increasing frequency of emotion words used in the death announcements reflects a progressive emotionalization and psychologization of grief and loss.
... As industrialization progressed in the 19th century, social transformations occurred that gave greater focus to individual achievements over birth status and group membership. As demographic and economic backgrounds began to offer a diminishing role in explanations for individual success, attention turned to understanding differences in mental characteristics (Jansz, 2004). John Stuart Mill in The Subjection of Women (1869), for instance, saw talent as a social resource and was concerned about the loss of talent caused by the ways that women were treated. ...
Using the concept of memes as cultural transmitters and replicators, this article explores the origins of a talent meme and the subsequent evolution of talent management (TM). The sociogenesis of TM is traced through historic developments in management thinking. The rise of individualism in the late 20th century created the conditions for the birth of TM, and the proliferation of the meme since birth is analyzed. The meme reproduces through its psychological appeal and the logic of itself, and the article uses an established approach to reveal cultural rather than rational explanations for TM. Five reasons for the attractiveness, survival, and replication of the talent meme in business organizations are identified. They are salience with business conditions, lack of a competing meme, ambiguity, complexity reduction, and enhanced control over a powerful group. Understanding more about the psychological attractors attached to the talent meme forms part of an expanded research agenda.
... Историки выделяют следующие аспекты диалектического отношения психологии и общества [Jansz, 2004]: 1) индивидуализация -процесс формирования образа человека как индивида, который обладает уникальными личностными чертами и противопоставляется обществу; 2) психологизациявозникновение особого экспертного и обыденного языка, используемого для интерпретации опыта в психологических категориях; 3) социальный контроль -формирование психологических «техник себя», направленных на обретение аутентичной и целостной самости, с их помощью либеральнодемократические общества опосредованно контролируют индивида «изнутри». ...
Обсуждается критическая историография психологии в ракурсе полипарадигмальности ее развития. Признание множественности исторических форм психологии, поиск культурно-универсальных и специфичных единиц анализа ее интеллектуального прошлого, а также идея социальной истории дают возможность перейти к проблеме диалектического взаимодействия психологии, общества и субъективности. Обосновывается тезис о том, что психология, институализированная как самостоятельная наука, является ключевым фактором конструирования нового образа человека в культуре позднего модерна – «психологического индивида», отвечающего специфике ненасильственного управления агентами социальных действий в демократических обществах. Задача историка с этих эпистемологических позиций – раскрыть опосредованность психологических теорий и практик национальными, социально-политическими и идеологическими контекстами, а также предоставить «право голоса» маргинализируемым со стороны академического мейнстрима традициям и фигурам.
... Psychology is of specific interest as it can be viewed as a 'western' science and discipline. It developed in Europe and the United States of America and is based on western values, such as individuality (Jansz, 2004;Lawson, Graham, & Baker, 2007;Leahey, 2004;Richards, 2010). This study places a special emphasis on clinical psychology, which is the examination, treatment and prevention of psychological 'maladjustment, disability and discomfort' (American Psychological Association, 2013). ...
In the last two decades transnational education has intensified. This paper provides a case study of transnational education in South East Asia by mapping historical and current transnational psychology education in Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. Given psychology’s roots in Europe and the United States of America, and its close interrelation with norms of ‘western’ societies, the data accrued from research for this paper raises important questions regarding how South East Asian countries are dealing with foreign influence through education.
... In the West, the relationship between psychology and society is an intimate one, forged from the outset by a disciplinary tendency towards application, that is, the solution of practical-i.e., societal-problems; the extent of this inclination was such that it didn't take long for practical psychology to supersede the marginally older academic psychology (Jansz, 2004). The pattern in South African psychology has been no different. ...
... Regardless of the psychological association in question, on balance, the data supports the conclusion that psychology-as science and profession-is widely believed to have failed its social mandate. Jansz (2004) notes that two related developments have been of fundamental significance in the rise of practical psychology: individualization and social management. For the task at hand, individualization refers to "a number of changes in people's "life-world," in particular the shift from group to individual, the interest in individual differences, and a focus on the inner world of feelings" (p. ...
For three decades, South African psychology has had to front up to persistent charges of social ‘irrelevance’ emanating from within its ranks. On the other hand, the difficulties that have arisen when attempting to clarify the notion of ‘relevance’ have been equally well documented. This paper attempts to delineate the historical emergence, meanings and significances of ‘relevance’ discourse in South African psychology. Accordingly, the corpus of material constituting the study consists of fifty-eight presidential, opening and keynote addresses delivered at annual congresses of South African psychological associations dating back to 1950. A thematic analysis of these speeches reveals three themes: the discipline’s longstanding preoccupation with its relationship to broader society, the correspondingly intractable opposition between basic and applied psychology, and a rise in systems thinking. The results suggest that the ‘relevance’ debate in its past and present formulations leaves little space, paradoxically, for the concerns of South Africa’s black majority, in so doing compromising efforts towards the discipline’s meaningful transformation.
... If the history of psychology in Japan were analyzed in terms of "individualization" and "social management" (Jansz 2004), it was not until the twentieth century that individuality came into focus in Japan. When Japan reopened its door to the Western world in the mid-1850s, various social changes had occurred within the previous two decades: Four divisions of Japanese caste were abolished, the emperor was restored, and modern laws were enacted. ...
Here I respond to comments and questions raised in commentary papers (Castro and Lafuente, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral
Science, 42, 2007; Charles, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 42, 2007; Woodward and Hetley, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 42, 2007) and address three issues not discussed on my previous paper: (1) the historiography used in the history of Japanese psychology,
(2) the first generation of Japanese women psychologists to flesh out the history of psychology in Japan, and (3) how applied
psychology and psychical research existed in the early phase of psychology in Japan. Consequently, this paper, together with
the previous one, provides a broader picture of the development of psychology in Japan.
Монография посвящена исследованию генезиса арт-терапи. В первой части книги в рамках структурно-антропологического подхода, разработанного Владимиром Никитиным, рассматриваются онтологические, психологические и нейропсихологические вопросы формирования художественного образа и его воздействия на сознание. Во второй части книги представлена эктопластическая арт-терапия Петера Цанева и его идея о том, что арт-терапия является странным и неожиданным наследником и продолжателем искусства психологического модернизма во второй половине XX в. и начале XXI в
Health psychology formally came of age in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, but it was prefigured by much discussion about challenges to the dominance of biomedicine in healthcare and debates about the role of individual behaviour change in promoting population health. Despite current progress and accomplishments, it is important to reflect upon earlier attempts to explore the psychological dimensions of health and illness. It is through such exploration that we can begin to reveal the connection between ideas and the social context. This article focuses on what could be termed the pre-history of health psychology in the United Kingdom. This was the period in the earlier 20th century when psychological approaches were dominated by psychoanalysis which was in tension with more positivist approaches. In the post-World War II period, the classical form of psychoanalysis turned to a concern with relationships. This was the period which also saw the rise of behaviourism and then cognitivism each of which had a strong influence on the new profession of clinical psychology and then health psychology. Review of this pre-history provides the backdrop for the rise of health psychology in the United Kingdom and also reveals the tensions between the different theoretical perspectives.
