Figure - available from: The Cryosphere
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The figure shows Spearman's correlation between temperature (red and pink), precipitation (dark and light blue) and ice break-up dates in the Torne and Kokemäki rivers and, respectively, the correlations between temperature (red and pink), precipitation (dark and light blue) and ice-off events in the Aura River, over the 1961–2020 period. The darker shaded red and blue colours indicate that the correlation is statistically significant. The capitalized letters indicate the change of year.
Source publication
At high latitudes, long-term changes in riverine ice break-ups are exemplary measures of climatic change and variation. This study compares cryophenological trends, patterns and changes for the rivers Aura (1749–2020), Torne (1693–2020) and Kokemäki (1793–2020); all sites are located in Finland. The Kokemäki River series is a new series from the ci...
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Citations
... In addition to instrumental measurements, documentary data can also provide precise climate information. Specifically, ice phenology (dates of freezing and thawing of rivers or harbours) and plant phenology (Norrgård & Helama, 2002) provide quantitative climate information over the past 300 years. ...