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The effect of lisinopril on anxiety-like behaviour among spontaneously hypertensive rats. A. The percentage of time spent in the central area of the open field (OF). B. The frequency of entries to the central area of the OF. C. The percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM). D. The frequency of entries to the open arms of the EPM. E. The percentage of time spent in the light area of the light-dark box (LDB). F. The frequency of entries to the light area of the LDB. C, Wistar controls; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; SHR+LIS, spontaneously hypertensive rats treated by lisinopril. * p < 0.05 vs. C, # p < 0.05 vs. SHR.
Source publication
This study investigated the effect of lisinopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibi-tor) on potential behavioural alterations in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Three groups of 15-17-week-old rats were investigated for 2 weeks: Wistar control group, SHR group and SHR+lisinopril group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was normal in Wistar rat...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... two weeks of treatment, the percentage of time spent in the central area of the OF by the control group was 1.4 ± 0.6% and was increased among the SHR (10.5 ± 2.6%; p = 0.001); lisinopril induced a trend to decrease it (6.3 ± 0.9%; p = 0.089) (F (2,16) = 8.630; p = 0.003) ( Figure 2A). The frequency of entries to the central area of the OF by the control group was 2.3 ± 1.1. ...
Context 2
... frequency of entries to the central area of the OF by the control group was 2.3 ± 1.1. There was a significant increase among the SHR (8.8 ± 1.0; p = 0.001); lisinopril significantly reduced it (5.0 ± 1.1; p = 0.025) (F (2,16) = 9.557; p = 0.002) ( Figure 2B). The percentage of time spent in the open arms of the EPM by the control group after two weeks of treatment was 28.1 ± 6.8% and there was no significant difference between groups (F (2,16) = 0.057; p = 0.944) ( Figure 2C). ...
Context 3
... was a significant increase among the SHR (8.8 ± 1.0; p = 0.001); lisinopril significantly reduced it (5.0 ± 1.1; p = 0.025) (F (2,16) = 9.557; p = 0.002) ( Figure 2B). The percentage of time spent in the open arms of the EPM by the control group after two weeks of treatment was 28.1 ± 6.8% and there was no significant difference between groups (F (2,16) = 0.057; p = 0.944) ( Figure 2C). The frequency of entries to the open arms of the EPM by the control group was 5.9 ± 1.4 and there was no significant difference between groups (F (2,16) = 0.261; p = 0.773) ( Figure Figure 1. ...
Context 4
... The percentage of time spent in the light area of LDB by the control group after two weeks of treatment was 49.9 ± 9.7% and there was no significant difference between groups (F (2,16) = 0.502; p = 0.615) ( Figure 2E). The frequency of the entries to the light area of LDB by the control group was 7.4 ± 1.3, and there was no significant difference between groups (F (2,16) = 1.313; p = 0.297) ( Figure 2F). ...
Context 5
... percentage of time spent in the light area of LDB by the control group after two weeks of treatment was 49.9 ± 9.7% and there was no significant difference between groups (F (2,16) = 0.502; p = 0.615) ( Figure 2E). The frequency of the entries to the light area of LDB by the control group was 7.4 ± 1.3, and there was no significant difference between groups (F (2,16) = 1.313; p = 0.297) ( Figure 2F). ...
Citations
... ACE inhibitor captopril exerted anxiolytic-like effect in doxorubicin-treated rats in a preventive experiment 103 and lisinopril reversed the alterations in terms of anxiety-like behavior in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). 104 Analogically, egg white-derived peptides TNGIIR and RVPSL that have ACE inhibitory activity, exerted an anxiolyticlike effect in SHRs in the EPM. 107 Renal hypertensive rats (RHR) showed hyperactivity in OFT, and anxiety-like behavior in the EPM. ...
... The inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in the brain by angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) or attenuating angiotensin II (Ang II) formation via angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) exhibits neuroprotective effects and reduces the level of the stress response and anxiety. 103,104,109,192 The possible mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic effect of ARBs and ACEi include the upregulation of the Ang II type 2 receptor (AT 2 R) in the brain, and the enhancement of angiotensin (1-7) production acting on Mas receptors (MasR). 193 The stimulation of both AT 2 R by Ang II and MasR by angiotensin (1-7) is considered to protect the cardiovascular system via vasodilation and antiproliferative effects 194,195 while exerting anxiolytic effects. ...
... Thanks to its anxiolytic effect, it is used in the treatment of PTSD with related sleep disorders and nightmares [90][91][92] and in the treatment of alcoholic use disorder. 93,94 Central sympatholytic drugs such as clonidine and guanfacine re- Both ACE inhibitors [103][104][105][106]108,109,198 and ARBs 106,[110][111][112][113][114][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][193][194][195][205][206][207] indicate well-established mental effects in reducing neuropsychological alterations, including stress and anxiety. The direct neurocellular protection on the level of the brain structure concerning their anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative action along with improving hemodynamics of the CNS 112,194,195,207 could prove to be the underlying pathomechanism. ...
Besides the well-recognized risk factors, novel conditions increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are emerging. Undesirable emotions and behavior such as anxiety and depression, appear to participate in worsening cardiovascular pathologies. On the other hand, deteriorating conditions of the heart and vasculature result in disturbed mental and emotional health. The pathophysiological background of this bidirectional interplay could reside in an inappropriate activation of vegetative neurohormonal and other humoral systems in both cardiovascular and psychological disturbances. This results in circulus vitiosus potentiating mental and circulatory disorders. Thus, it appears to be of utmost importance to examine the alteration of emotions, cognition, and behavior in cardiovascular patients. In terms of this consideration, recognizing the potential of principal cardiovascular drugs to interact with the mental state in patients with heart or vasculature disturbances is unavoidable, in order to optimize their therapeutic benefit. In general, beta-blockers, central sympatholytics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone receptor blockers, sacubitril/valsartan and fibrates are considered to exert anxiolytic effect in animal experiments and clinical setting. Statins and some beta-blockers appear to have an equivocal impact on mood and anxiety and ivabradine expressed neutral psychological impact. It seems reasonable to suppose that the knowledge of a patient´s mood, cognition, and behavior, along with applying careful consideration of the choice of the particular cardiovascular drug and respecting its potential psychological benefit or harm might improve the individualized approach to the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
... However, to our knowledge, the effect of Gs and tomatine on behavior has never been investigated, while some authors reported positive effects of captopril on rat behaviors [24], in agreement with the results presented here. Moreover, lisinopril (an angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor) normalized the increase in SBP and partly reversed the alterations in anxiety-like behavior in SHRs [25]. The simultaneous reduction in hypertension and behavioral hyperactivity in young rats would be of interest, since high blood pressure occurs in children suffering from hyperactivity. ...
... The simultaneous prevention of the SBP increase and reduced hyperactivity of SHRs observed in this study suggest the possibility of a common mechanism(s) underlying both pathologies. Indeed, Repova and coworkers [25] reported a lack of correlation between SBP and anxiety-like behavior in SHRs and lisinopril-treated SHRs, supporting the view that the behavioral modifications in these groups are not related to the hemodynamic changes. An association between behavioral modifications and neuro-humoral activationhyperfunctional noradrenergic system in SHRs, similar to that in humans with essential hypertension, was suggested. ...
... An association between behavioral modifications and neuro-humoral activationhyperfunctional noradrenergic system in SHRs, similar to that in humans with essential hypertension, was suggested. In SHRs, captopril-induced changes in rat behaviors may be related to the sympatholytic action resulting from ACE inhibition [25]. Although the mechanisms by which tomato Gs affects behaviors and SBP need to be further investigated, we can speculate that Gs downregulates sympathetic activity, as already reported for some polyphenols [23,30], and thus hyperactive behavior. ...
Behavioral disorders affect millions of people worldwide. Hypertension contributes to both the development and progression of brain damage and cognitive dysfunction and could represent the most powerful modifiable risk factor for cerebral vessel dysfunction and consequent behavioral impairment. Tomato contains antioxidants and bioactive molecules that might play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular and brain diseases. The effects of the combined gel and serum from Lycopersicum esculentum L. var. “Camone” tomatoes and those of purified tomato glycoalkaloids (tomatine) and an antihypertensive drug (captopril) were investigated in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and compared with normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Body weight, systolic blood pressure, behavioral parameters, as well as brain susceptibility to oxidative stress and brain cytokine contents, were assessed. Treating hypertensive rats with tomato gel/serum or captopril for four weeks caused a significant reduction in blood pressure, decreased locomotor activity and increased grooming behavior; the last two parameters were also significantly affected by tomatine treatment. Brain slices obtained from hypertensive rats treated with tomato gel/serum were more resistant to oxidative stress and contained lower levels of inflammatory cytokines than vehicle-treated ones. In contrast, tomatine treatment had no effect. In conclusion, the tomato-derived gel/serum can be considered a dietary supplement able to drive in vivo blood pressure towards healthier values and also control some central effects such as behavior and brain oxidative stress.
