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The effect of ethephon concentrations on Brix. Values within by the same letter are not significantly different at P<0.05 using Duncan multiple range test.
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In this study, the effects of concentration and application time of ethephon on growth parameters; stem height, stem diameter, biomass, carbohydrate content; sucrose content, invert sugar, brix value, and juice volume of two sweet sorghum cultivars were determined. Three ethephon application time (8 leaves, booting, and flowering) and five ethephon...
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... The results showed that the application of 135 mL ha -1 NAA at 90 DAE or 60 DAE induced maximum height at maturity, while the minimum plant tallness was observed at 30 days AE in the untreated plots ( Table 1). Enhancement in plant tallness and growth due to NAA application has also been reported in previous studies (Sivakumar et al., 2006;Almodares and Eraghizadeh, 2011;Basuchaudhuri, 2017;Baksh et al., 2017). ...
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of foliar application of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the physio-morphological attributes and green biomass production of sorghum under field conditions at the Agronomic Research Field, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Varying concentrations of NAA (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 mL ha-1) were applied to sorghum seedlings at different intervals [30 and 90 days after emergence (AE)]. All plots equally received recommended agronomic practices and crop protection measures. The NAA foliar application in different levels caused a significant influence on the growth and biomass production of sorghum. The maximum plant tallness (434.3 cm), plant leaf area (419 cm2), number of nodes (17.01 plant-1), number of tillers (19.03 m-2), and chlorophyll contents (56.97 µg cm-2) were observed due to NAA supplementation at 90 days AE, while, the stem thickness (8.82 cm), photosynthetic efficiency (2.56%) and green biomass (34.72 t ha-1) were observed in the plots which received the foliar spray of 180 mL ha-1 NAA followed by 135 mL ha-1, that showed improvement in plant tallness (423.1 cm), plant leaf area (402.07 cm2), number of nodes/plant (16.71), tiller numbers (189.81 m-2), chlorophyll contents (56.59 µg cm-2), stem thickness (8.69 cm), photosynthetic efficiency (2.56%) and green biomass (36.10 t ha-1) compared to those in the control treatment. The findings of the study clearly depict that foliar application of NAA as 120 mL ha-1 at 90 days AE showed promising results in terms of enhanced production of green biomass of sorghum under arid agro-ecological conditions of Pakistan.
... Related results were found by Durrani et al. (2010) who reported that plant height at 40 days after sowing, number of leaves were recorded maximum. Durrani et al. (2010) and Almodares et al. (2011), described that yield and its components were increased with application of naphthalene acetic acid. Similar result was reported that decline in leaf production at 800 ppm could be attributed to the fact that at lower concentrations most plant growth regulators stimulated plant growth and at higher concentrations, inhibited plant growth (Basuchaudhuri, 2016). ...
... The results are in line by Ullah et al. (2007). The results are also in line with Almodares et al. (2011) and Basuchaudhuri (2016) who reported that with increased level of NAA also directly contributed in the vegetative parts i.e. leaf area, size etc. enhancement which ultimately benefit the fodder yield. ...
... Sorghum is used to obtain the most disparate products: food, forage, paper pulping, plastics, sugar for bioethanol and biomass for energy use (Zegada-Lizarazu & Monti, 2012;Pannacci & Bartolini, 2016). In general, sweet sorghum types are richer than forage or biomass ones in the content of non-structural carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, fructose and starch) (Almodares et al., 2011); while the biomass and forage types are predominantly composed by structural carbohydrates (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) and their biomass can be used for combustion and 2nd generation biofuels (Zegada-Lizarazu & Monti, 2012). Sorghum is a C4 crop with a high biomass yield and good N use efficiency (Gardner et al., 1994). ...
Two field experiments were carried out in 2005 and 2006 in central Italy in order to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 50 100 and 150 kg ha-1) on flowering date, plant height, biomass production and partitioning (leaves, panicles and stems) and biomass quality of a sorghum hybrid (H133). Sorghum showed a high potential in terms of biomass production without N fertilization (18.5 t ha-1 of d.m. in 2005 and 26.6 t ha-1 of d.m. in 2006). The rate that maximized the biomass production was 100 kg ha-1 of N, increasing the biomass dry weight by 23.8% in 2005 and 18.8% in 2006, with respect to unfertilized sorghum; higher N rates are not advisable in order to avoid increasing fertilization costs and environmental impact without benefit of greater biomass production. The two highest N rates when combined with low water availability appeared to increase the rate of plant development, causing earlier flowering and increasing the percentage of panicles in total biomass. Higher heating value (HHV), lower heating value (LHV) and ash concentration of biomass varied among N rates, with values of HHV and LHV lower for unfertilized sorghum (17.6 and 16.7 MJ kg-1 d.m., respectively) than when N was applied (from 19.0 to 19.7 and from 18.1 to 18.8 MJ kg-1 d.m., respectively); on the contrary, ash concentration was greater for unfertilized sorghum (7.5% d.m.) than for fertilized sorghum (from 5.8 to 6.7% d.m.). This research showed the high potential of sorghum in terms of biomass production also when cultivated with limited irrigation and fertilization inputs. The biomass dry yield obtained by one hectare of sorghum crop without N nitrogen fertilization (i.e. 22.6 t ha-1 of d.m., average of 2005 and 2006 values) produces the same energy, by thermal utilisation, of 9.3 toe, that is equivalent to energy produced by 10,385 L of diesel fuel or 11,097 m 3 of methane fuel. This aspect increases the certainty of the energetic and environmental sustainability of sorghum crop.
... in SS, different from results presented in the literature (Almodares et al., 2011), where these authors report that ethephon alters SS in sweet sorghum cultivars. For CP, it was noted that the PGRs used in this study did not provide any difference when compared to control. ...
Sweet sorghum has gained attention in tropical and subtropical regions because of its potential as a bioenergy crop. The present research was carried out to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of sweet sorghum submitted to six plant growth regulators (thiamethoxam, biostimulant mixture, gibberellic acid, chlormequat chloride, ethephon, and trinexapac-ethyl). The compounds were applied via foliar spraying in order to increase the productive potential of plants and reduce the carbohydrates sink strength by inflorescences. The experiment was conducted in pots and the following variables were evaluated: plant height, inflorescence dry matter, soluble solids content, shoot dry matter, crude protein, ashes, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility. It were observed the action of trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon to reduce the inflorescence dry matter, chlormequat chloride to increase the shoot dry matter, and trinexapac-ethyl to improve ashes content and reduce the neutral detergent fiber contents. These results indicate that chlormequat chloride and trinexapac-ethyl are effective in restricting the plant growth and increasing sorghum nutritional quality.
The ever-increasing problem of water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran has necessitated the demand to replacement of sugar beet plantation by more water-use efficient plants. Sweet sorghum is one of the sugars plants with low water requirements that potentiates cost-effective sugar production in different regions. However, physiological aspects of sugar yield in this plant is not completely understood. The present experiment studied the effect of sink (spike) removal (as a limiting factor for sugar production) and magnesium spraying (as an improving factor for plant growth) on photosynthetic pigments concentration and yield of two sweet sorghum cultivars. This research was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years (2014, 2015) in Shahroud Agricultural Research Center, Shahroud, Iran. Experimental factors included sweet sorghum cultivars (KFS2 and KFS3), sink removal treatments (control, mechanical removal and chemical removal of spike by ethephon) and spraying different concentrations of magnesium (0, 4 and 8 mM). Interaction of cultivars, sink removal and magnesium spraying levels was significant on photosynthetic pigments concentration, leading to increase in total sugar and sugar yield. The highest sugar yield in both cultivars was obtained from chemical removal of sink and 4 and 8 mM of magnesium application. In both of the studied cultivars, assimilate surface index was significantly affected by sink removal and the highest amount of this trait (2.65 g sugar per square meters of leaf area) was achieved from chemical removal of sink in KFS2. The latter results indicated that photosynthetic capacity of the sweet sorghum plants was enhanced by sink removal, especially when removed chemically, i.e. by ethephon. As no significant difference was observed between 4 and 8 mM in most examined traits, the 4 mM magnesium spraying was proven more suitable.
The experiment was carried out at two locations, the first in Ramadi-Kaldia (80 km) west of Baghdad, the second at the farm of College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the spring season 2017, in order to study the effect of concentrations and application growth stage of ethephon on growth, yield, and its components of sorghum (cv. Buhooth 70). Split plot arrangement was used according to RCBD. The application growth stage 4, 6 and 8 leaf growth stage, occupied the main plots while Ethephon concentrations 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1 , occupied the sub-plots. Results showed at both seasons, that the high concentration (1500 mg .L-1) gave the lowest plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and grain yield, thus reducing the biological yield 2.302 and 2.515 ton ha-1 , for both locations respectively, While the concentrations 1000 and 500 mg.L-1, gave the highest grain yield 3.976 and 3.741 ton ha-1 , for both locations respectively, the application times according to growth stages also had a significant effect on number of days to flowering stage and maturation also weight of 500 grains and grain yield. Application at 4 and 6 leaf growth stages gave highest grain yield in both locations 3.464, 3.673 ton ha-1 respectively, also the most traits under study were significantly influenced by the interaction between concentrations and application time, the highest yield 5.127 ton ha-1 in Ramadi location, was obtained from interaction treatment (1000 mg L-1 * 8 leaf growth stage) was while in Baghdad location the interaction treatment (500 mg L-1 * 6 leaf growth stage) gave the highest yield 4.623 ton ha-1 .
