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Intimate partner violence (IPV) has garnered increasing public and academic attention in the past several decades. Theories about the causes, prevention, and intervention for IPV have developed in complexity. This article provides an overview of the historical roots of IPV, as well as a description and critique of historical and contemporary theori...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... This framework integrates research findings and theories from several disciplines, including feminist theory, into an explanatory framework of the origins of gender-based IPV. Within the ecological framework, IPV is understood as a multifaceted phenomenon that is the result of a dynamic interplay among individual, relationship, community, and societal factors that influence an individual's risk to perpetrate or become a victim of violence (see Figure 1). At the individual level, the person who perpetrates or is a victim of abuse and violence possesses a set of biological and personality traits and a personal history that shape his or her behaviors and interactions with other individuals, for example, with intimate partners and with the broader community and society. ...
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Citations
... The research supports the notion that MBIs can foster self-compassion (Wasson et al., 2020), subsequently improving the psychological health outcomes of individuals who have endured harsh conditions such as DV (Tesh et al., 2015;Valdez & Lilly, 2016). DV survivors often undergo a systematic erosion of their sense of self, are subjected to blame for their victimization in various cultural contexts, and internalize feelings of shame (Crapolicchio et al., 2021;Kelly, 2011;Reich et al., 2014). Enhancing self-compassion can bolster their psychological well-being by mitigating self-blame, refining emotional regulation, fostering resilience, boosting self-esteem, and encouraging adaptive coping mechanisms (Játiva & Cerezo, 2014;Winders et al., 2020;Zeller et al., 2015). ...
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a brief online yoga- and mindfulness-based psychoeducation program and its possible working mechanisms (rumination and self-compassion) in improving psychological health parameters (depression, anxiety, and stress) among women who have experienced domestic violence (DV).
Method
In a randomized controlled trial, 51 women who had survived DV were assigned to either an intervention group (n = 27) or a waitlist control group (n = 24). The intervention was a five-week yoga- and mindfulness-based psychoeducation program conducted online. Before and after the intervention, the presence of symptoms related to depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as the level of rumination and self-compassion were assessed.
Results
At the post-test, participants in the intervention group reported higher mean scores in self-compassion and lower mean scores in rumination, depression, anxiety, and stress compared to those in the waitlist control group. Mediation analyses revealed that rumination and self-compassion mediated the intervention’s effects on psychological health parameters.
Discussion
Our findings support the effectiveness of a brief online yoga- and mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for improving the psychological health of women who have experienced DV. Self-compassion and rumination emerged as working mechanisms underlying the intervention’s success. Future research should explore brief yet effective online psychoeducation programs, considering self-compassion and rumination as potential working mechanisms when designing interventions for women who have experienced domestic violence.
Clinical Trial Registration
This study has been retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06061029).
... 7 It labels VAWG as a phenomenon resulting from characteristics of individuals, their relationships with other people and their community, and societal norms and institutions. 3 At the individual level, personal characteristics (eg, age, education, income, disabilities or a history of child abuse or rape) may increase the chance of experiencing or perpetrating VAWG. 3 At the relationships level, partners, relatives and peers could influence the risk of women experiencing violence through male dominance. 8 The community level is the place where a person lives or spends time and is related to the local social acceptance of VAWG. ...
... 3 At the individual level, personal characteristics (eg, age, education, income, disabilities or a history of child abuse or rape) may increase the chance of experiencing or perpetrating VAWG. 3 At the relationships level, partners, relatives and peers could influence the risk of women experiencing violence through male dominance. 8 The community level is the place where a person lives or spends time and is related to the local social acceptance of VAWG. ...
... A community's characteristics could expose women to acts of violence. 3 The last level involves factors that encourage or discourage VAWG practices in society, such as a patriarchal social system and women's lack of legal support. 3 7 A humanitarian setting like South Sudan offers many complexities. ...
Objective
Investigating attitudes accepting two categories of violence against women and girls (VAWG) (intimate partner violence—IPV—and other expressions of VAWG) and their association with seven demographic/social determinants and health-seeking behaviours in South Sudan.
Design
Cross-sectional study using data from the South Sudan National Household Survey 2020.
Setting
South Sudan.
Participants and methods
1741 South Sudanese women and 1739 men aged 15–49 years; data captured between November 2020 and February 2021 and analysed using binary logistic regression.
Results
People with secondary or higher education displayed attitudes rejecting acceptance of IPV (OR 0.631, 95% CI 0.508 to 0.783). Women and men living in states with more numerous internally displaced people (IDP) or political/military violence had attitudes accepting IPV more than residents of less violence-affected regions (OR 1.853, 95% CI 1.587 to 2.164). Women had a higher odd of having attitudes accepting IPV than men (OR 1.195, 95% CI 1.014 to 1.409). People knowing where to receive gender-based violence healthcare and psychological support (OR 0.703, 95% CI 0.596 to 0.830) and with primary (OR 0.613, 95% CI 0.515 to 0.729), secondary or higher education (OR 0.596, 95% CI 0.481 to 0.740) displayed attitudes rejecting acceptance of other expressions of VAWG. People residing in states with proportionately more IDP and who accepted IPV were more likely to have attitudes accepting other expressions of VAWG (OR 1.699, 95% CI 1.459 to 1.978; OR 3.195, 95% CI 2.703 to 3.775, respectively).
Conclusion
Attitudes towards accepting VAWG in South Sudan are associated with women’s and men’s education, gender, residence and knowledge about health-seeking behaviour. Prioritising women’s empowerment and gender transformative programming in the most conflict-affected areas where rates of VAWG are higher should be prioritised along with increasing girls’ access to education. A less feasible strategy to decrease gender inequalities is reducing insecurity, military conflict, and displacement, and increasing economic stability.
... However, most IPV studies have focused on women's perceptions of resistance and the prevalence of violence, and few have examined the factors influencing men's perceptions of IPV. If discrimination against women generated via long-standing patriarchal cultures and practices in male-dominated societies, as described in feminist theory (Bell and Naugle 2008;Kelly 2011;Lawson 2012;Sunmola et al. 2021), is a factor leading to IPV (Prandstetter et al. 2023), it is necessary to examine the attitudes of men who have lived in such cultures. Furthermore, according to the modernization theory (Kaya and Cook 2010;Martinez and Khalil 2017), attitudes toward IPV have become more resistant to social and economic development. ...
Male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) is a severe human rights violation that negatively affects women’s well-being worldwide. Although many studies have examined the factors influencing IPV, few have investigated the changes in attitudes toward IPV during rapid economic growth. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify changes in attitudes toward husband-on-wife violence by gender, from 2007 to 2017, using individual data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys. The estimation results revealed that, despite being more accepting of IPV, young women, women living in rural areas other than Java and Bali, and women belonging to lower social classes have significantly increased their negative attitudes toward IPV over the past decade. Although negative attitudes toward IPV have increased significantly among men living in eastern Indonesia, men in their teens, 20s, and 30s and those living in Sumatra have become more accepting of IPV. This suggests that the overall awareness of IPV resistance among men has not increased. The acceptance of IPV is more prevalent among employed women in the middle and lower socioeconomic strata than among their unemployed counterparts. However, the reverse trend has become clearer among women in the upper strata over the past decade.
... The family seems to play a crucial role in helping women escape the pressure caused by intimate partner violence. According to the literature on economic abuse, abusers distance survivors from family and friends, seeking to silence them (Kelly, 2011;Simmons et al., 2011). That notwithstanding, family and friends were important sources of support for women we interviewed. ...
Economic abuse is a significant gender-based problem in Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa, but few studies explore the consequences of this type of abuse on women's lives and their coping strategies. This study examined the narratives of 16 Ghanaian women in intimate relationships who experienced economic abuse in the Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Upper East regions of Ghana. Results indicate economic abuse negatively affected female survivors’ jobs, businesses, and food security and led to physical violence and adverse health implications. Some women coped by relying on external family networks, religion, and theft from husbands, while others trivialized their experiences.
... The literature discussing barriers to formal services explores the relationship between identity and social positioning with experiences of oppression, systems of power, and social inequities (Atewologun, 2018;Chavis & Hill, 2008;Kelly, 2011). The theory of intersectionality is a critical framework that posits that we should be examining the impact of social categories together and how they converge to influence individual experiences, as well as the relationship between these categories and structural systems of privilege and oppression (e.g., racism and sexism) (Atewologun, 2018;Crenshaw, 1991). ...
... Questions were asked around power relations, and reflection occurred on how questions were being asked . This lens was also used to analyze the experiences of oppressed social groups and how their positions lead to inequality in accessing resources (Chavis & Hill, 2008;Kelly, 2011). Overall, these lenses helped inform the research process, data analysis, and write-up. ...
Many women experiencing homelessness and intimate partner violence (IPV) often do not use formal support services due to barriers such as finances, inaccessibility, controlling partners, and stigma. The current literature lacks studies that examine the formal service experiences of women who have undergone both homelessness and IPV. Therefore, the current study used a qualitative-dominant design and explored the formal service needs of these women, barriers, and facilitating factors associated with accessing services, and how the women's identities affected their experiences with formal services. Interviews with 10 women were conducted, and a reflexive thematic analysis was conducted using a critical feminist and intersectionality lens. The most common factors that led to homelessness were conflict and precarious circumstances leading to housing instability. Common barriers were systemic, psychological, dismissal, minimization, and financial barriers. The most common needs were health, finances, and basic necessities. The most common facilitating factors were support networks and resilience, growth, and proactivity. The social positionings most commonly affecting their experiences were class and race/ethnicity. These findings highlighted the voices of marginalized women and can be used to implement positive change in formal services that cater to this subgroup of women.
... O fenômeno da VDFcM caracteriza-se como expressão da violência de gênero perpetrada, majoritariamente, no ambiente doméstico pelo parceiro íntimo, marcada pelos desequilíbrios de poder na relação entre homens e mulheres, legitimada de forma simbólica nas estruturas sociais e descrita como um problema multifatorial (Bourdieu, 2019;Campos;Tchalekian;Paiva, 2020;Graham et al., 2022;Heise, 1998;Kelly, 2011, Minayo, 2013Pasinato;Machado;Ávila, 2019). ...
Resumo A violência contra a mulher tem sido relatada como um grave problema de saúde pública. Particularmente, a Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher (VDFcM) acomete cerca de 29% da população feminina brasileira. Políticas Públicas (PPs) de enfrentamento à VDFcM têm sido implantadas desde a década de 1980 no Brasil, culminando com a publicação do marco legal de enfrentamento desse problema no ano de 2006, a Lei Maria da Penha. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo consistiu em desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de PPs para enfrentamento à VDFcM nos municípios do estado de Santa Catarina. A metodologia aplicada foi a Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI), que viabilizou a criação de uma escala de avaliação de desempenho. Adicionalmente, a análise de regressão simples foi utilizada no modelo, tendo o escore municipal como variável independente e a taxa de registros de VDFcM como variável dependente. Os resultados demonstraram correlação linear positiva entre as variáveis, sugerindo que as PPs implantadas não resultam em redução no número de ocorrências de VDFcM.
... In this context, these presumed supports reinforced the victims' oppression in their intimate relationships through their actions and inactions. Studies have highlighted the concept of blaming the victims as concerning in intimate relationships since victims are blamed for either staying in their abusive relationships or responsible for inciting aggression ( [1,[90][91][92][93]. ...
... In addition, some participants reported they were re-oppressed by Child and Family Services' providers and legal aid lawyers because of their gender and race. The participants stated that child and family services workers and legal aid lawyers demonstrated unfair treatment towards them as they were pressured to consent to some decisions against their will in support of their abusive partners [92]. For example, Amelia reported that the school social worker insisted that her expartner who was emotionally abusive to her children and had just been released from prison should be allowed to see her son without her permission. ...
... Society also tends to humiliate rape perpetrators and reinforce gender-based power disparities (Peretz & Vidmar, 2021). The concept of blaming a victim is an excuse for injustice by trying to find a mistake with the victim (Kelly, 2011). In 2020, Statista released a survey conducted in Indonesia on the perceptions of the causes or sexual harassment that occurs in Indonesia. ...
One of the most prominent educational institutions that shaped the societal development of Indonesia as of today, would be Pesantren, the Islamic boarding school that spread nationwide. The existence of pesantren has managed to help open more doors in advancing women’s education, but such achievement came with many challenges that put other women’s rights in jeopardy. Discrimination, sexual violence, and the imbalance of power relations cause mayhem to women’s rights, not only in terms of education but also for their religious freedom. This paper provides a qualitative study on the challenges that women faced in Pesantren conducted through observation and study of cases. A gender perspective is needed in order to ensure the protection of women in Pesantren.
... Intimate partner violence (IPV) is "a pattern of coercive and oppressive behaviour that is harmful to… emotional, social, or physical well-being". Women with disabilities are more likely to remain in such violent relationships than non-disabled women [1]. A 2004 report from Orissa indicated that about half of the married women participants with disabilities had experienced IPV [2]. ...
This case study discusses the ethical dilemmas faced by the researchers when a woman with disability voluntarily disclosed her experience of intimate partner violence during an in-depth interview on positive mental health and resilience in wheelchair users. The interviewer's role as a researcher and public health professional raised dilemmas relating to the tenets of privacy, confidentiality and nonmaleficence. Professionals working with women with disability and similar vulnerable participants should anticipate such ethical challenges around violence and discrimination that such individuals face, and strive to resolve challenges based on basic ethical tenets within a context-informed approach.
... defined as a theoretical or refractory lens (e.g.Benbow et al., 2011;Reimer-Kirkham, 2014;Van Herk et al., 2011), a tool(Kelly, 2011), a framework (e.g. Crooks et al., 2021; Guruge, 2012; Holmgren et al., 2014), a concept (e.g. ...
Aim
This systematic literature review aimed to identify, appraise and synthesize available research studies that apply intersectionality in nursing research.
Design
Systematic review.
Data Sources
Empirical and theoretical nursing studies published before February 2022 were identified from the PubMed and CINAHL databases. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they substantially covered the topics of intersectionality and nursing, had undergone peer‐review, and were written in English.
Review Methods
The PRISMA 2020 statement for reporting systematic reviews was used to report findings. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of the included research studies.
Results
Out of 331 identified studies, 60 studies were substantially about nursing and intersectionality, and were included in the review. There are a myriad of ways that the concept of intersectionality has been adopted in nursing research. Furthermore, there was great heterogeneity in the definition and application of the concept of intersectionality, and only a few studies were empirical.
Conclusion
There is a need for robust and clear framing of how the concept of intersectionality is defined and understood in nursing research. There is also a need for more empirical research effectively adopting the concept of intersectionality to enhance our understanding of how health inequities operate within the field of nursing.
No Patient or Public Contribution
No patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public were involved in this work.
