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The focus of this report is the implementation of the EU Directive
2005/32/EC on ecodesign requirements for energy-using products (the EuP
Directive) with special attention to the ecodesign requirements for televisions
(TV). The aim is to investigate the scope of the Implementing Measures
(IM), how ambitious the requirements of the IM are, and to w...
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Eco-Design Strategies lead to both enhanced environmental sustainability and product differentiation, which, however, takes place only if observers recognize and value these advantages. To study this aspect, a sample of 40 product pictures has been administered to 12 subjects with experience in eco-design. They were asked to evaluate whether one or...
Citations
... If concerning stage of input, there are some concerns of materials, energy, transportation. Also, for output stage, factorial criteria points to product/service, emission to environment, by-product and disposal activities (Brezet & Hemel 1997;Huulgaard & Remmen, 2012;Wever & Vogtlander, 2014). Figure 3 The basic calculation system of LCA (Brezet & Hemel 1997) Consequently, LCA calculation results should be demonstrated in the LiDS wheel, which is an EcoDesign strategy to evaluate all stages of production or service (Brezet & Hemel 1997;Huulgaard & Remmen, 2012;Wever & Vogtlander, 2014). ...
... Also, for output stage, factorial criteria points to product/service, emission to environment, by-product and disposal activities (Brezet & Hemel 1997;Huulgaard & Remmen, 2012;Wever & Vogtlander, 2014). Figure 3 The basic calculation system of LCA (Brezet & Hemel 1997) Consequently, LCA calculation results should be demonstrated in the LiDS wheel, which is an EcoDesign strategy to evaluate all stages of production or service (Brezet & Hemel 1997;Huulgaard & Remmen, 2012;Wever & Vogtlander, 2014). There are 8 stages of product life cycle including 0) new concept development, 1)selection of low-impact materials, 2) reduction of materials, 3) optimisation of production technology, 4) optimisation of distribution systems, 5) reduction of impact during use, 6) optimisation of product life and 7) optimisation of end-oflife system. ...
... From Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and LiDs wheel strategy (Brezet & Hemel 1997;Huulgaard & Remmen, 2012), Figure 6 demonstrates evaluation of three transparent materials generally used in Thailand greenhouses including glass (comparison base case), LDPE and PET. All in-used materials are not new innovation for greenhouse, but LDPE and PET technology and manufacturing process are more suitable for innovating production. ...
Greenhouse farming has been an alternative agricultural implementation in several climate conditions with different in-use purposes. Thailand's greenhouse development tends to optimize energy consumption for climate control and plant productivity by internet of things (IoTs) with rarely environmental drawbacks concerning. However, in tropical climates, the development is focused on pest protection and selective environmental factors to support plant growth by physical materials including net and transparent materials. This research aims to investigate 1) how transparent materials affect greenhouse air temperature, light intensity, air humidity and plant growth and 2) how those transparent materials impact environments based on Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) framework in tropical climate conditions. Research methodology mainly focusses on systematic reviews of in-used transparent materials and their implementation affecting plant growth relied on, the CIPP framework. Then, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Material, Energy and Toxic (MET) matrix are research tools to analyze environmental impacts of those materials. Research findings are critically explained by the CIPP framework. Context possibly points to existing weather conditions and greenhouse production and the productivity of Thai case studies, which can be scoped to melon plant, high proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Thailand. Input part scopes to transparent materials and other factors possibly related to greenhouse ambient and plant growth. The process can be explained based on implementation of technological devices, constructional materials and implementation, planting method and technique. Lastly, a product is identified consequently from input and process parts in terms of plant productivity and environmental impacts. Also, critical analysis of environmental impact will be additional awareness for farmers and developers involving sustainable future materials in greenhouse farms. Consequent contributions to this research will be continued as knowhow and knowledge later in real time by monitoring environmental factors in the melon greenhouse in Thailand.
... The only IM that stands out is the IM on washing machines, which also sets requirements for water consumption. According to Huulgaard and Remmen (2012) and Remmen (2010 and2011) in general only one environmental impact category and one life cycle phase is addressed in the IM, namely energy consumption in the use phase and energy efficiency. This unilateral focus is not in line with the scientific understanding of ecodesign. ...
Purpose
This paper concerns the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) and the implementing measures (IM) in which ecodesign requirements are set up for energy-using and energy-related products. Previous studies have found that the requirements have a unilateral focus on energy consumption and the use phase. This is not in line with the scientific understanding of ecodesign, where attention should be put on all life cycle phases and all relevant environmental impact categories. This study focuses on the requirements for televisions (TV). A life cycle assessment (LCA) is carried out on two TVs to analyse if other environmental hotspots and life cycle phases should be included in the requirements in the IM of the Ecodesign Directive besides energy consumption in the use phase analysis.
Methods
The consequential approach is used. The data for the LCA have been gathered from two manufacturers of TVs. In one case, the data were delivered in Excel spreadsheets; in the other case, the authors of this paper together with the manufacturer disassembled a TV and collected the data manually.
Results and discussion
When applying the consequential approach, the production phase has the highest environmental impact, which is in contradiction with the focus area of the IM. The result of the sensitivity analysis is that the source of electricity is a potentially significant contributor of uncertainty. However, even in a coal-based scenario, the contribution from the production phase is approximately 30 %.
Conclusions
Based on these results, it is concluded that for future requirement setting in IM, it is necessary to set up requirements that cover more life cycle phases of the product in order to address the most important impacts.
The international community has been aware of the climate emergency it is facing since the early 1990s, and a sustainable approach to development, including product development, clearly needs to be adopted. Tools such as the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals enable various players—including engineering organizations developing products—to adopt a sustainable approach to development, encourage rational resource management while minimizing adverse effects on the environment, and promote various end-of-life strategies for products. The concept of ecodesign is defined as the integration of environmental aspects into product design with the aim of reducing products’ adverse environmental impacts throughout their life cycle. Different types of ecodesign tools exist, some qualitative in nature, and others, quantitative. Some are assessment tools that focus on a single environmental impact indicator, while others look at several impact indicators over the entire product life cycle. Life cycle assessment (LCA) falls into the latter category. It is used to assess all the environmental impacts of a product or service, from raw material extraction through to ultimate product disposal. LCA makes it possible to identify the most environmentally critical aspects of a product’s life cycle so that improvements can be targeted. Therefore, ecodesign and life cycle assessment tools should help product designers make the most sustainable decisions taking LCA results into account. Since designers typically use CAD tools and PLM platforms, this chapter offers a short review of how CAD and PLM can contribute to ecodesign and LCA tool use. The review reveals that the coupling of CAD tools and LCA functionalities is promising. However, the LCA results produced are often simplified, and there are inherent problems associated with CAD and LCA data interoperability. As for PLM platforms, combining PLM and LCA also seems relevant since most of the data required to perform LCA are available from the PLM system. However, coupling LCA functionalities with a PLM solution is complex and challenging. Moreover, while ecodesign takes into account the environmental dimension of sustainable development, the social and economic dimensions are also very important, and ecodesign is far from sufficient to achieve product development that truly respects the planet’s limits.
This report constitutes the documentation of the project “Expanding
the Scope of the EuP Directive”, financed by the Nordic Council of Environmental Ministers. The project was initiated by the SCP working
group, chaired by Inger Grethe England, Climate and Pollution Agency,
Norway. The group has for several years worked with issues related to
ecodesign and resource efficiency. The project period was from 1.6
2010 to 31.12 2010.
The aim of the project was to set focus on the recently recast
Ecodesign Directive of the European Union (Directive 2009/125/EC), its
limitations, its potentials and its future. Even though the Directive has
the ambition to regulate the entire life cycle and all environmental aspects of the products in scope, implementing measures has mainly addressed the use phase and energy efficiency.
