Table 3 - uploaded by Farzad Jalilian
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Some of study showed hopelessness is related with risky behaviors. The main aim of this study was determination the relationship between hopelessness and cigarette smoking, drug abuse, psychotropic drug use, and alcohol drinking among sample of Iranian male medical college students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 male medical colle...
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Objectives
To assess the prevalence and factors associated with perceived stress among medical students.
Methods
A cross-sectional study of students (n=623) selected across eight medical schools in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire obtained socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), other psychoac...
Citations
... anxiety, depression, and poor academic performance, all of which magnify the significance of this issue (Chang, 2017;Heisel et al., 2003;Jalilian et al., 2014;Lisnyj et al., 2020;Viñas Poch et al., 2004). ...
... Next, we identified potential risk and protective factors a priori based on previous research that indicated factors contributing to hopelessness (Jalilian et al., 2014;Nicpon et al., 2006;Stevens et al., 2018). This resulted in a total of 14 explanatory variables in our analysis. ...
Unlabelled:
Hopelessness has been linked to several negative mental health outcomes among young adults and the prevalence of it has increased in recent years. The aim was to identify factors associated with hopelessness among Canadian postsecondary students using a socioecological model as a framework. A set of factors for investigation were identified using previously published literature and proxy questions from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment II (n = 48,584). A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to examine these potential associations. Overall, modifiable factors such as belonging to a community, general health, academic performance, and life stressors were found to be associated with hopelessness. In contrast, hopelessness was also associated with some negative health outcomes: loneliness, depression, and suicide ideation. The findings provide preliminary evidence for integrating hope into well-being programming and campus-based interventions aimed at improving postsecondary student mental health.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-023-01050-w.
... Several studies on health behaviors emphasize that comprehensive prevention programs need to identify the determinants of individual and environmental behaviors influencing health behaviors; meanwhile, it is more important to identify influential and changeable cognitive predictors (Kok et al., 2016). Personality traits and cognitive determinants can make people susceptible to disease or uptake and maintenance of healthy behaviors (Hosseini et al., 2016;Mirzaei-Alavijeh et al., 2014;Jalilian et al, 2014). Although the factors associated with multi-faceted breast cancer screening behaviors are known to be multidimensional, people's awareness is an essential component in coping and preventing breast cancer, and one of the strategies of the world health organization in the cancer control program has been to raise awareness (Royseand Dignan, 2009). ...
... In this study, students who felt hopeless or sad were more likely to consume alcohol than their hopeful and happy counterparts. Similar findings were reported in previous studies [30][31][32][33][34]. Hopelessness is highly relevant condition that could motivate someone to consume alcohol [30]. ...
... In this study, students who felt hopeless or sad were more likely to consume alcohol than their hopeful and happy counterparts. Similar findings were reported in previous studies [30][31][32][33][34]. Hopelessness is highly relevant condition that could motivate someone to consume alcohol [30]. Similarly, substance use is closely related to factors such as hopelessness and anxiety sensitivity [35]. ...
Background
Globally, alcohol consumption is a significant public health concern and it is one of the most important risk behaviours among university students. Alcohol consumption can lead to poor academic performance, injuries, fights, use of other substances, and risky sexual behaviours among students. However, the study explored the prevalence of alcohol consumption and the associated risk factors among university students since these have not been fully examined in previous research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of alcohol consumption and the associated risk factors among university students in Myanmar.
Methods
The present cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 15-24-year-old university students who were selected from six universities in Mandalay, Myanmar, in August 2018. In total, 3,456 students (males: 1,301 and females: 2,155) were recruited and asked to respond to a self-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for alcohol consumption among university students.
Results
The prevalence of alcohol consumption in the previous 30 days was 20.3% (males: 36.0%, females: 10.8%). The alcohol consumption was significantly higher among males (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI; 1.9–2.9), truant students (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI; 1.3–3.3), smokers (AOR = 7.0, 95% CI; 5.1–9.7), students who reported feeling of hopelessness or sadness (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI; 1.2–1.8), peers’ alcohol consumption (AOR = 7.5, 95% CI; 4.8–11.7).
Conclusion
The present study revealed that males, smokers, peer alcohol consumption, and truant students had higher odds of alcohol consumption among the students. Therefore, effective campus-based counselling, peer education, and national surveillance systems that can monitor risky drinking behaviours among university students should be implemented. Further, government regulations that control the production, sale, promotion, advertising, and restriction of alcohol should be well developed and strengthened, as in the case of other Southeast Asian countries.
... However, Lee et al. (2017) reported that stress is not a significant factor for Korean adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use. Meanwhile, Jalilian, Matin, and Ahmadpanah (2014) found that feelings of hopelessness were a risk factor for the use of cigarettes among Iranian adolescents. Park, Lee, Shearston, and Weitzman (2017) also found that psychological distress, which includes a sense of hopelessness, increased the risk of cigarette and e-cigarette use. ...
E-cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular among adolescent cigarette users. However, little is known about the various factors related to adolescents’ use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or both in South Korea. Using nationally representative data from the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, this study examined the possible problem behavior theory factors that contribute to (1) current e-cigarette use among those who have ever used cigarettes (Model 1), (2) current cigarette use among those who have ever used e-cigarettes (Model 2), and (3) current dual use among current cigarette or e-cigarette users (Model 3). In all three models, our analysis showed that tobacco accessibility and sexual intercourse were significant factors. For Model 2, reasons for using e-cigarettes and alcohol use were correlated with current cigarette use. Except for gender, the significant factors, which included secondhand smoke exposure at home and school type, were the same in Models 1 and 3. Based on these findings, we encourage the South Korean government to pay close attention to potential increase in dual use among adolescents and to take the necessary steps in addressing adolescent e-cigarette use in tobacco prevention and control programs.
... Several studies on health behaviors emphasize that comprehensive prevention programs need to identify the determinants of individual and environmental behaviors influencing health behaviors; meanwhile, it is more important to identify influential and changeable cognitive predictors (Kok et al., 2016). Personality traits and cognitive determinants can make people susceptible to disease or uptake and maintenance of healthy behaviors (Hosseini et al., 2016;Mirzaei-Alavijeh et al., 2014;Jalilian et al, 2014). Although the factors associated with multi-faceted breast cancer screening behaviors are known to be multidimensional, people's awareness is an essential component in coping and preventing breast cancer, and one of the strategies of the world health organization in the cancer control program has been to raise awareness (Royseand Dignan, 2009). ...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. The present study investigated the stage of breast cancer
screening adoption and the role of some of the cognitive predictors in a sample of Iranian married women. There were
a total of 334 married women clients of eight health centers in Kermanshah city, the west of Iran, were randomly
selected to participate voluntarily. Women filled out a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version
20 using One-way ANOVA, χ2-test, Fisher’s exact test, and bivariate correlations statistical tests at 95% significant
level. The mean age was 39.75 years [SD: 7.73]. Nearly 58.4%, 26.9%, 3%, 9.6%, and 2.1% of the respondents were
reported pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance of breast cancer screening adoption,
respectively. There was a significant association between age (P=0.005), and positive family history of breast cancer
(P=0.037), perceived susceptibility (P=0.005), perceived severity (P=0.001) and knowledge of symptoms (P=0.018)
with breast cancer stage of screening adoption. Our findings can provide better knowledge for the development and
implementing of stage-targeted breast cancer screening adoption promotion programs. We conclude that it seems that
the focus of health planner should be to rise to perceived severity; perceived susceptibility and knowledge of symptoms
of breast cancer about the promotion of breast cancer screening adoption an Iranian woman.
... Distress conditions manifest as elevated levels of depression, anxiety, stress, burnout, and hopelessness and have been associated with greater and problematic use of substances such as alcohol, an increased risk of suicide and interpersonal conflict, impaired academic performance, and poor health (Dyrbye et al., 2005). The relationship between these distress conditions and alcohol use in young adults is well-established in Western societies (Gonzalez & Skewes, 2013;Jalilian et al., 2014;Kuntsche, Knibbe, Gmel, & Engels, 2005;Yu et al., 2006). In particular, different psychological motives for consuming alcohol have different outcomes in terms of quantity of alcohol consumed and problematic consequences. ...
Background
Bhutan is a small landlocked country located between India and China that is largely rural and Buddhist. As the nation develops and adopts more Western practices, the nature of the relationship between its young people and alcohol is developing as well.
Objectives
The present study examines how problematic alcohol use relates to parenting styles and distress in a sample of predominantly tertiary students.
Methods
For this study, 245 young adults completed self-report measures of parenting style, distress, and alcohol-related problems.
Results
Strong correlations were found indicating that more dysfunctional parenting styles were associated with greater distress and problematic alcohol use. Further analyses to evaluate the relationship between parenting styles and alcohol use found no role for moderation but a significant mediation which indicated that more dysfunctional parenting styles were associated with greater distress which in turn was associated with greater problematic alcohol use.
Conclusions
These findings replicate those found in Western countries and imply that the same vulnerabilities to problematic alcohol use are also present in Bhutan.
... On the other hand, the conducted studies reveal that every day 500 young Iranians start abusing drugs and the population dependent on drugs doubles every 10 years (Jalilian et al., 2015a). There are many reasons for this growth including easy production, access and use, negligence of dangers caused by drug abuse, lack of serious efforts for designing and implementing effective plans to prevent drug abuse and changed lifestyle together with entrance to new environments (Jalilian et al., 2014). Considering the existence of potential factors for prevalence of addiction in the society, a proper solution should be found for immunization which is prevention from drug abuse. ...
Background
Researchers in the field of drug abuse need standard instruments in order to investigate the underlying factors behind the inclination to use drugs in different groups of society so that they could be able to design preventive interventions based on those instruments. The aim of this study is psychometrics of the questionnaire of the beliefs related to drug abuse among Iranian male medical college students.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was done on 425 male students who were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study conducted in two medical universities in Iran. The studied constructs included attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (ver. 21.0) and Amos software (ver. 21.0).
Results
All of the loads of the exploratory factorial analysis were larger than 0.4. The calculated Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.906. Overall, five factors under investigation accounted for 61.15 per cent of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach’s alpha for the measured constructs including attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms were 0.92, 0.90, 0.91, 0.81 and 0.73, respectively.
Conclusion
The investigated questionnaire is adequately reliable and valid for measurement of the constructs of attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms for prediction of drug abuse among Iranian male medical college students.
... On the other hand, the conducted studies reveal that every day 500 young Iranians start abusing drugs and the population dependent on drugs doubles every 10 years (Jalilian et al., 2015a). There are many reasons for this growth including easy production, access and use, negligence of dangers caused by drug abuse, lack of serious efforts for designing and implementing effective plans to prevent drug abuse and changed lifestyle together with entrance to new environments (Jalilian et al., 2014). Considering the existence of potential factors for prevalence of addiction in the society, a proper solution should be found for immunization which is prevention from drug abuse. ...
Background: Researchers in the field of drug abuse need standard instruments in order to investigate the underlying factors behind the inclination to use drugs in different groups of society so that they could be able to design preventive interventions based on those instruments. The aim of this study is psychometrics of the questionnaire of the beliefs related to drug abuse among Iranian male medical college students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 425 male students who were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study conducted in two medical universities in Iran. The studied constructs included attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (ver. 21.0) and Amos software (ver. 21.0). Results: All of the loads of the exploratory factorial analysis were larger than 0.4. The calculated Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.906. Overall, five factors under investigation accounted for 61.15 per cent of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach's alpha for the measured constructs including attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms were 0.92, 0.90, 0.91, 0.81 and 0.73, respectively. Conclusion: The investigated questionnaire is adequately reliable and valid for measurement of the constructs of attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms for prediction of drug abuse among Iranian male medical college students.
... In another study, young adults smoking rate was reported to be 19.4% during their whole life [5]. Research in developed countries suggested the increasing levels of smoking among college students and introduced college years as a specific period of time when smoking rate significantly increases [9]. Therefore, it seems essential to consider the effective factors to increase smoking rates among college students; it has even been suggested that smoking rate among college students may represent smoking index for all young adults [10]. ...
... According to the results, 11.6 % of the participants had experience of cigarettes smoking at least once. In this regard, Rezakhanimogaddam et al carried out a research on Tehran University students of medical sciences and reported that 22% of the participants had history of cigarettes smoking [9].Jalilian et al [25] stated that 19.4% of Iranian medical college students had history of cigarettes smokingduring the past three months. In addition, Xu et al and Mohanan et al reported that 21.8% and 7.2% of the subjects in their studies had history of cigarettes smoking respectively [18 and 19].Also, Shemmari reported that 24% of students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates had history of cigarettes smoking [20]. ...
... The results of similar to studies confirm these finding. For example, Rezakhanimogaddam in their study among Tehran University students of medical sciences reported initiation age for cigarette smoking was 17 (SD= 4.5) years [9]. Mohanan et al reported that initiation age for cigarette smoking in Ajman, United Arab Emirates was 16.8 years [19].However, the age has decreased through the recent years [1, 5, and 7]. ...
Smoking is one of the main risky factors to develop different types of diseases, especially in relation to non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was determine prevalence and cognitive factors related to cigarettes smoking based on the theory of planned behavior among students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.This cross-sectional study, conducted among college students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, the West of Iran, a total of 620 students were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire including the background data and theory of planned behavior constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using bivariate correlations, linear and logistic regression statistical tests at 95% significant level. Almost 11.6% of the participants had a history of smoking. The TPB variables accounted for 38% of the variation in the outcome measure of the intention to cigarette smoking. The best predictors for cigarette smoking was subjective norms with odds ratio estimate of 1.361 (95% CI: 1.223, 1.515) and attitude with odds ratio estimate of 1.041 (95% CI: 1.025, 1.058). Based on the result it seems that designing and implementation of educational programs to reduction positive attitude and subjective norms toward prevention cigarette smoking among college students could be useful result to cigarette smoking prevention.
... Considering the importance of the issue, it seems necessary to conduct preventive interventions. Studies have shown that a focus on mediator and predictive behaviors is essential in comprehensive health education and promotion programs (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). In this regard, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the most theories; it has been applied for prediction of behavior. ...
Background:
Fitness is a very important goal among young adults that may lead to eating disorders.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing fitness intention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and its relationship to eating attitudes.
Materials and methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 231 female college students during the winter of 2012. Participants were randomly selected in proportion to their distribution among the different faculties at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting data and data was analyzed by SPSS version 21 using a T-test, ANOVA, bivariate correlations, and linear regression at a 95% significant level.
Results:
Nearly 21.6% of the participants had abnormal eating attitudes. The TPB variables accounted for 40% of the variation in fitness intention. Bivariate correlations indicated a positive correlation between fitness intention and eating attitude (r = 0.417, P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Based on our results, it seems that designing and implementing educational programs to reduce positive attitudes and encourage subjective norms toward fitness may be useful for preventing abnormal eating attitudes.
