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Insulin resistance is one of the important underlying abnormalities of type 2 diabetes. The effect of thiazolidinedione on liver functions has been controversial in different studies. In this study, we evaluated the effect of rosiglitazone on liver enzymes in subjects with type 2 diabetes with and without abnormal liver function.
Seventy-three pati...
Citations
... [1,2] Insulin resistance in patients with T2D is also established as factor of elevated levels of liver enzymes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. [3,4] Increased activities of liver enzymes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are considered as early surrogate markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. [5,6] Earlier studies reported that the elevated values of these enzymes are related to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. ...
Background
This research was to examine the effects of synbiotic intake on minerals, liver enzymes, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods
This randomized, cross-over clinical trial was performed among 62 diabetic patients. Persons were randomly assigned to intake either a synbiotic (n = 62) or a control food (n = 62) for 6 weeks. A 3-week washout period was applied following which persons were crossed over to the alternate intervention arm for an additional 6 weeks. The synbiotic was consisted of Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 10⁷ CFU), 0.04 g inulin (HPX) as prebiotic. Persons were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods 27 g a day. Blood pressure was measured, and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6-week intervention to assess calcium, magnesium, iron, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin.
Results
The consumption of a synbiotic food, compared to the control food, resulted in a significant rise of calcium (0.66 vs. −0.14 mg/dL, P = 0.03) and iron (5.06 vs. −9.98 mg/dL, P = 0.03). The decrease of total bilirubin (0.08 vs. −0.04 mg/dL; P = 0.009) was also seen in the synbiotic group compared with the control group.
Conclusions
Overall, synbiotic in T2D patients had beneficial effects on calcium, iron, and total bilirubin concentrations.
... 1,2 However, elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are also associated with MetS. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Many abnormal liver function test (LFT) cases are due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 13 To avoid bias, we enrolled 9,282 subjects over 60 years old without liver ...
Background:We aimed to investigate the relationship between liver function tests (LFTs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) as several studies have shown positive correlations between some of the LFTs, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), and MetS but have not fully explored the same in the elderly. Owing to the progress in public health, the aging of the general population becomes a major issue. Design: We enrolled subjects aged over 60 years who underwent routine health checkups in a Health Screening Center after excluding subjects with a history of hepatitis B or C infection, excessive alcohol consumption, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, acute hepatitis, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, or receiving medications for these diseases. Finally, 9,282 participants were eligible for analysis. Statistical Analysis: All data were tested for normal distribution with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for homogeneity of variances with the Levene’s test. A t-test was used to evaluate the differences between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate regressions were used to observe correlations between different parameters. Receiver operating characteristic curves of each LFT were used to predict MetS. Areas under curves and 95% confidence interval were also estimated and compared. Results: With the exception of aspartate aminotransferase and α-fetal protein, the results of LFTs, including total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALT, and γ-GT, were altered in the group with MetS. Furthermore, the levels of γ-GT in men and ALP in women were independently associated with all MetS components and had the highest areas under receiver operating characteristic curves. Conclusion: Abnormal LFTs are highly correlated with MetS in the hepatitis-free elderly, with levels of γ-GT in men and ALP in women being the most important factors. LFTs may represent an auxiliary tool for the detection of MetS.
... Liver is one of the chief storage organs for glucose reserve in the body and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. Elevation of biomarker enzymes such as ALT, AST and ALP in serum was presumed to be due to the decreased blood insulin [37] and mainly due to the leakage of these enzymes from the liver cytosol into the blood stream, which gave an indication on the hepatotoxic effect of alloxan. The increased protein catabolism accompanying gluconeogenesis and urea formation that are seen in the diabetic state might be responsible for the elevation of these tissue transaminases. ...
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine entities, which coexist with defect in carbohydrate metabolism. The Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed plant phytochemical therapies for diseases including diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of syringic acid (SA) by assaying the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced into male albino Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan (150 mg/kg). SA was administered to diabetic rats intragastrically at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w daily once for 30 days. The levels of plasma glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycogen, levels of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, liver and kidney markers were evaluated. Oral administration of SA (50 mg/kg) for 30 days, dose dependently improved the glycemic status in diabetic rats. The levels of insulin, Hb and glycogen increased with significant decrease in glucose and HbA1c levels in SA treated rats. The altered activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, hepatic and renal marker were restored to near normal. Histopathological analysis of pancreas revealed that treatment with SA reduced the pancreatic damage induced by alloxan and stimulated β-cell regeneration in diabetic rats. The present findings suggest the antihyperglycemic effect of SA and its therapeutic potential for the management of diabetes.
Nonalchoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS); it is common and accounts for 80% of the cases with abnormal liver function tests (LFTs). In addition, several studies have proved that there is a correlation between abnormal LFTs and MetS. Therefore, LFTs may represent the abnormal metabolic status of livers in the patients with MetS. To identify the early state of metabolic dysfunction, we investigate the value of LFTs for the future MetS development in the relatively healthy (non-NAFLD) elderly.
A total of 16,912 subjects met the criteria for analysis. In the first stage of this study, subjects were enrolled in the cross-sectional study in order to find out the optimal cutoff value in different LFTs with higher chances to have MetS. In the second stage of the present study, subjects with MetS at baseline were excluded from the same study group, and a median 5.6-year longitudinal study was conducted on the rest of the group.
Among all LFTs, only aspartate aminotransferase in both genders and the α-fetal protein in women failed to show the significance in distinguishing subjects with MetS by the receiver operating characteristic curve. In the Kaplan-Meier plot, only γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) in men and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in women could be used to successfully separate subjects with higher risk of developing the MetS from those with lower risk. Finally, in the multivariant Cox regression model, similar results were identified. Still, the hazard ratio (HR) to have future MetS, γ-GT in men, and ALT in women showed significance (HR = 1.511 in men and 1.504 in women).
Among all the different LFTs, γ-GT (>16 U/L) in male and ALT (>21 U/L) in female were the best predictors for the development of MetS in healthy elderly. These two liver markers could be an ancillary test in predicting future MetS development/diagnosis. Elevation of the LFTs without underlying liver diseases should be treated as a warning sign of the possible MetS development in the elderly.
